胍变蛋白的构象变化及尺寸排阻色谱行为

通过比较６种天然和变性蛋白的色谱行为，提出在不含盐酸胍的非变性体系中利用尺寸排阻色谱法研究蛋白质的构象变化。根据色谱峰数可以判断蛋白质变性时形成变体的数目；利用峰高可以描述蛋白质变性的完全程度；根据不同波长下峰高的变化可以推断蛋白质表面氨基酸残基暴露情况；利用保留时间可以比较各种变体相对体积的大小。     

胍变蛋白的构象变化及尺寸排阻色谱行为

 通过比较６种天然和变性蛋白的色谱行为，提出在不含盐酸胍的非变性体系中利用尺寸排阻色谱法研究蛋白质的构象变化。根据色谱峰数可以判断蛋白质变性时形成变体的数目；利用峰高可以描述蛋白质变性的完全程度；根据不同波长下峰高的变化可以推断蛋白质表面氨基酸残基暴露情况；利用保留时间可以比较各种变体相对体积的大小。     

利用色谱法研究α—淀粉酶变性动力学

提出用尺寸排阻色谱法研究酶的变性动力学。此法将高效色谱分离同灵敏的紫外检测结合起来，消除了紫外法测定蛋白质变性速度时变性体的影响。确定了α－淀粉酶在盐酸胍溶液中变性时的反应级数。测定了不同浓度变性剂中酶的变性速度常数，并和答活速度常数进行了比较，讨论了影响酶变性速度的因素。     

用尺寸排阻色谱法研究蛋白质的热稳定性

用尺寸排阻色谱ＺｏｒｂａｘＧＦ－２５０凝胶过滤柱研究了核糖核酸酶Ａ,马心肌红蛋白和溶菌酶的热稳定性。测定了蛋白质在尺寸排阻系统中的分配系数Ｋｄ并用荧光检测器分析了加热引起的蛋白质内源性荧光的改变,从而计算出了蛋白质的热变性转化点温度,测定了蛋白质天然态、热变性和盐酸胍诱导变性状态下的斯托期斯半径,实验结果进一步证帝了热变性后蛋白质不是呈真正的随机线状,而是保留了部分紧密的结构区域。用本方法研究了Ｐ     

利用色谱法研究α－淀粉酶变性动力学

提出用尺寸排阻色谱法研究酶的变性动力学。此法将高效色谱分离同灵敏的紫外检测结合起来,消除了紫外法测定蛋白质变性速度时变性体的影响。确定了个淀粉酶在盐酸胍溶液中变性时的反应级数,测定了不同浓度变性剂中酶的变性速度常数,并和失活速度常数进行了比较,讨论了影响酶变性速度的因素。     

体积排阻色谱法研究变性溶菌酶分子复性过程中集聚体的形成

在体积排阻色谱柱上研究了还原剂存在时脲和盐酸胍变性的3种溶菌酶溶液的复性和分离过程。当变性液中原始溶菌酶浓度大于10 g/L时,变性溶菌酶在体积排阻色谱柱上除了复性为与未变性溶菌酶出峰时间相同的复性态溶菌酶分子外,还形成了溶菌酶折叠中间体的二分子集聚体。这个结果得到了用稀释法复性时溶菌酶的蛋白电泳检测结果的支持。与稀释法复性相比较,用体积排阻色谱法复性时所形成的折叠中间体二分子集聚体的量要远远低于用稀释法所形成的集聚体的量。     

溶液中蛋白质寡聚态的表征分析

分析溶液中蛋白质的寡聚态,是研究其结构和功能的必要前提和基础.目前常用的生化实验方法有非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、体积排阻色谱、光散射法和分析超速离心法等,基本属于定性或半定量分析,精准性不足.此外,液体核磁共振和非变性质谱方法也可以对蛋白质的寡聚态进行表征分析.为了综合分析和比较不同方法的异同,我们应用体积排阻色谱、液体核磁共振和非变性质谱,对研究条件下以单体和二聚体存在为主的蛋白质TGIF1-HD和SP_0782进行了寡聚态的分析.结果表明,体积排阻色谱和液体核磁共振可以估算蛋白质的分子量及不同寡聚态的相对比例,液体核磁共振还可以提供蛋白质折叠及是否存在不同构象等信息,而非变性质谱在定量分析方面独具优势.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱间接法测定蛋白质含量

尺寸排阻色谱分离牛血清白蛋白(BSA),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和金属硫蛋白(MT)等3种标准蛋白的混合物后,在线使用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定这三种蛋白中的S,并根据每种蛋白质含有的S原子数,计算出3种蛋白质的相对含量。尺寸排阻色谱的流动相为0.1mol/LTris-HAc。向电感耦合等离子体质谱的六级杆加入反应气O2,使之与S反应生成SO ,间接测定32S16O 而避开直接测量32S时存在的严重干扰。测量结果与天平称量所得结果一致。方法的精密度好,每个蛋白质峰面积的RSD<3%(n=3)。BSA、SOD和MT的检出限分别为14、52和27pmol。     

体积排阻色谱在蛋白质药物聚集体领域的应用

蛋白质聚集现象是生物制药行业面临的重大问题之一,对蛋白质药物有效性、安全性、质量可控性有很大影响。体积排阻色谱技术是蛋白质药物及其聚集体检测分析的标准技术,具有操作简单、分离条件温和、基本不破坏蛋白质药物结构等优点。但由于蛋白质与固定相存在非特异性相互作用,采用该法检测时存在洗脱延迟、色谱峰拖尾、基线漂移、蛋白质回收率低等问题。该文介绍了体积排阻色谱的分离原理及实际应用,并对该技术在蛋白质药物检测中存在的非特异性吸附问题及相关方法优化做了简要概述。同时列举了几种与体积排阻色谱互补的可用于蛋白质药物聚集体分析的技术。最后,对体积排阻色谱技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

一种液相色谱分离与质谱鉴定白血病K562细胞蛋白的方法

分别通过3种色谱模式:反相高效液相色谱(RPLC)、弱阴离子交换-反相高效液相色谱(WAX-RPLC)和排阻-反相高效液相色谱(SEC-RPLC)对K562细胞的蛋白质进行分离,收集的色谱馏分采用基质辅助电离解析时间飞行质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)进行鉴定后,比较所获得的蛋白质数据.结果显示:当选择SEC-RPLC模式构建K562细胞蛋白质图谱时,检测到的蛋白质数目最多,信息最为全面.此法的建立为白血病的临床研究提供了一种有效的手段.     

Chromatographic behaviors of proteins on cation-exchange column

A weak cation-exchanger (XIDACE-WCX) has been synthesized by the indirect method. The chromatographic characteristics of the synthesized packing was studied in detail. The standard protein mixture and lysozyme from egg white were separated with the prepared chromatographic column. The chromatographic thermodynamics of proteins was studied in a wide temperature range. Thermodynamic parameters standard enthalpy change (deltaH0) and standard entropy change (deltaS0) and compensation temperature (beta) at protein denaturation were determined in the chromatographic system. By using obtained deltaS0, the conformational change of proteins was judged in the chromatographic process.The linear relationship between deltaH0 and deltaS0 can be used to identify the identity of the protein retention mechanism in the weak cation-exchange chromatography. The interaction between weak cation-exchanger and metal ions was investigated. Several metal chelate columns were prepared. The effects of introducing metal ion into the naked column on protein retention and the retention mechanism of proteins in the metal chalet affinity chromatography were discussed.     

Denatured Thermodynamics of Proteins in Weak Cation－exchange Chromatography

The thermostability of some proteins in weak cation-exchange chromatography was investigated at 20—80 ℃. The results show that there is a fixed thermal denaturation transition temperature for each protein. The appearance of the thermal transition temperature indicates that the conformations of the proteins are de-stroyed seriously. The thermal behavior of the proteins in weak cation-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies were compared in a wide temperature range. It was found that the proteins have a higher thermostability in a weak cation-exchange chromatography system. The thermodynamic parameters (△H^0,△S^0) of those proteins were determined by means of Van′t t Hoff re|ationship(lnk′-1/T). According to stan-dard entropy change(△S^0) , the conformational change of the proteins was judged in the chromatographic pro-cess. The linear relationships between △H^0 and △S^0 can be used to evaluate “compensation temperature“ (β) at the protein denaturation and identify the identity of the protein retention mechanism in weak cation-ex-change chromatography.     

蛋白质在合成阳离子交换剂上的色谱特性研究

用国产材料按间接法合成了螯合型弱阳离子交换剂,详细研究了合成填料的色谱性能,并与商品柱的分离效能进行了比较;在宽温度范围内研究了蛋白质在弱阳离子交换系统中的色谱热力学,测定了蛋白质在色谱过程变性时的热力学参数 (△H0和△S0) 和补偿温度β,提出用标准熵变△S0判断蛋白质的构象变化和用△H0与△S0的补偿关系鉴定蛋白质各变体在色谱系统保留机理的同一性。考察了螯合型弱阳离子交换剂与金属离子的作用,研究了蛋白质在金属螯合色谱中的保留机理。     

Millisecond denaturation dynamics of fluorescent proteins revealed by femtoliter container on micro-thermodevice

Real-time observation of biomolecular behavior focusing on high speed temperature response is an essential endeavor for further biological study at the molecular level. This is because most of the important biological functions at the molecular level happen at the sub-second time scale. We used our own on-chip microheaters and microcontainers to observe the denaturation dynamics of fluorescent proteins at the millisecond time scale. The microheater controls the temperature in 1 ms under the microscope. Fluorescent proteins were contained in 28 fL PDMS microcontainers to prevent them from diffusing into the solution. The proteins were denatured by high temperatures and observed by a high speed CCD camera with 5 ms per frame. Hence, denaturation speeds of red fluorescent proteins (rDsRed and rHcRed) were measured to be 5-10 ms. Green fluorescent proteins (rAcGFP and rGFPuv) denatured with bi-exponential decay. rAcGFP denatured with time constants of 5 ms and 75 ms while rGFPuv denatured with 10 ms and 130 ms. This may be the reverse process of a two step renaturation of GFP observed in a previous report. This micro-thermodevice is applicable to other biomaterials such as nucleic acids or other proteins. It does not require any chemical treatment nor mutation to the biomaterial itself. Therefore, the methodology using this general purpose device gives access to biomolecular studies in short time scales and acts as a powerful tool in molecular biology.     

蛋白质在疏水色谱中的变性热力学

研究21-80℃温度范围内一些蛋白质和小分子在疏水相互作用色谱中的热行为。利用Van't Hoff作图(lnk'-1/T)测定蛋白质分子的热力学参数(ΔH°, ΔS°和ΔG°), 根据标准熵变(ΔS°)和标准自由能变(ΔG°)判断蛋白质在色谱过程中的构象变化, 通过ΔH°-ΔS°的线性关系估计蛋白质变性时的"补偿温度"(β), 鉴定蛋白质在疏水相互作用色谱中保留机理的同一性。     

Mechanism of simultaneously refolding and purification of proteins by hydrophobic interaction chromatographic unit and applications

The hydrophobic amino acid residues of a denatured protein molecule tend to react with the particles of the stationary phase of hydrophobic interaction chromatography (STHIC). These hydrophobic interactions prevent the denatured protein molecules from aggregating with each other. The STHIC can provide high enough energy to a denatured protein molecule to make it dehydration and to refold it into its native or various intermediate states. The outcome not only depends on the specific interactions between amino acids, the structure of STHIC, but also depends on the association between the STHIC and mobile phase. The mechanism of protein refolding and the principle of its quality control by HPHIC were also presented. By appropriate selection of the chromatographic condition, several denatured proteins can be refolded and separated simultaneously in a single chromatographic run. A specially designed unit, with diameter much larger than its length, was designed and employed for both laboratory and preparative     

Phase transitions of polycrystalline [Fe(H2O)6](ClO4)3 and [Cr(H2O)6](ClO4)3 studied by DSC

The effects of heat treatment on soymilk protein denaturation were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electrophoresis. Transition behavior of soymilk was studied by DSC. Three endotherms were found in DSC heating curves; the transition observed at around 70°C is attributed to the denaturation of 7S (b-conglycinin) and the transition at around 90°C is to 11S (glycinin). The denaturation temperature increased with the increasing soymilk protein content. The change of electrophoretic patterns after heat treatments indicated that soy proteins were dissociated into subunits, some of which coalesced. When the heating temperature is below their denaturation temperature, the protein fractions cannot completely be denatured even after heat exposure for extended periods of time. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Native and denatured forms of proteins can be discriminated at edge plane carbon electrodes

In an attempt to develop a label-free electrochemical method for detection of changes in protein structures based on oxidizability of tyrosine and tryptophan residues we tested different types of carbon electrodes. We found that using edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPGE) we can discriminate between native and denatured forms of human serum albumin (HSA) and of other proteins, such as bovine and chicken serum albumin, aldolase and concanavalin. Treatment of natively unfolded α-synuclein with 8 M urea resulted only in a small change in the tyrosine oxidation peak, in a good agreement with absence of highly ordered structure in this protein. Using square wave voltammetry with EPGE we were able to follow the course of HSA denaturation at different urea concentrations. The electrochemical denaturation curve agreed reasonably well with that based on intrinsic fluorescence of tyrosine and tryptophan. It can be expected that the electrochemical method will be applicable to a large number of proteins and may become useful in biomedicine and proteomics.     

化学合成虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素-Ⅰ的色谱行为及分离纯化

 利用反相高效液相色谱 (RP HPLC)和离子交换色谱 (IEC)比较研究了固相化学合成的多肽类神经毒素虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素 Ⅰ (HWTX Ⅰ )与其对应的天然产物的色谱行为差异及分离纯化方法。发现在完全相同的实验条件下 ,复性处理后的合成HWTX Ⅰ的谱峰有别于还原变性后又复性的天然HWTX Ⅰ的谱峰 ,主要表现为扩散度较大 ,对称性较差 ,说明合成产物存在更大分子构象的不均一性。推测除了在合成HWTX Ⅰ复性过程中有少数分子发生二硫键错配外 ,还有部分分子在固相合成中发生了消旋作用 ,需要交替采取多种色谱法才能完全分离纯化复性后的合成多肽产物。     

Novel column-based protein refolding strategy using dye-ligand affinity chromatography based on macroporous biomaterial

A novel column-based chromatographic protein refolding strategy was developed using dye-ligand affinity chromatography (DLAC) based on macroporous biomaterial. Chitosan–silica (CS–silica) biomaterial with macroporous surface was used as the supporting matrix for the preparation of the DLAC material. The dye-ligand Cibacron Blue F3GA (CBF) was selected as affinity handle and could be covalently immobilized to form dye-ligand affinity adsorbent (CBF–CS–silica) using the reactivity of NH₂ on CS–silica biomaterial. After the model protein catalase was denatured with 6 mol/L urea, the denaturant could be rapidly removed and catalase could be successfully refolded as facilitated by the adsorption of CBF–CS–silica. The urea denaturation process and the elute condition for the chromatographic refolding were optimized by measuring tryptophan fluorescence and activity of catalase. The refolding performance of the proposed DLAC was compared with dilution refolding. The protein concentration during the proposed chromatographic refolding increased by a factor of 20 without reducing the yield achieved as compared to dilution refolding. The column-based protein refolding strategy based on dye-ligand affinity chromatography with porous biomaterial being matrix possessed potential in chromatographic refolding of protein.