不同气氛下多孔硅中电子偶素湮没行为研究

使用正电子湮没谱学方法,在不同气氛下对电化学腐蚀法制备的多孔硅中电子偶素的湮没行为进行了系统的研究.正电子湮没寿命谱测试结果表明,样品中存在长达40 ns的电子偶素湮没成分,并且进入多孔硅膜层的正电子约有80%形成电子偶素,具有非常高的电子偶素产额;在氧气气氛下,由于气体导致o-Ps发生自旋转化猝灭是使多孔硅样品中电子偶素寿命缩短的主要原因.结合正电子寿命-动量关联谱测量结果,分析了不同气氛下多孔硅样品中电子偶素湮没寿命及动量变化关系,讨论了多孔硅中电子偶素的湮没机理以及气氛对孔径计算理论模型的影响. 关键词： 电子偶素 正电子湮没谱学方法 多孔硅     

Y-Ba-Cu-O超导体中Cu位元素替代效应的正电子湮没研究

通过 YBa_2Cu_(3-x)M_xO_y(M=Al,Sn)系列样品正电子湮没辐射一维角关联谱的测量,系统地研究了 Cu 位替代对正电子湮没谱的影响.实验表明,Y-Ba-Cu-O 超导体的一维角关联谱由两个高斯成分组成,分别是正电子在链区和 Cu-O 平面采样湮没的反映,未能观察到相应于 Fermi 电子气湮没的抛物线部分存在.正电子湮没谱对 Cu 位元素的替代,特别是链区的替代是敏感的.正电子湮没技术可能为判断 Y-Ba-Cu-O 超导体中元素替代位置提供一些有用的信息.     

纳米Fe3 O4 颗粒的正电子湮没谱学研究

测量了磁性纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒的X射线衍射谱(XRD)、正电子湮没寿命谱(PALS)和符合多普勒展宽谱(CDBS),研究了不同压力和退火温度对磁性纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒物相、电子结构、缺陷及电子动量分布等的影响. XRD,PALS,CDBS测量结果表明:纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒的缺陷浓度随压力的增加而增大,但物相和缺陷类型并未发生变化;磁性纳米Fe₃O_{4< 关键词： 正电子 3}O₄')" href="#">Fe₃O₄ 寿命谱 多普勒展宽谱     

用正电子湮没研究高聚物聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂的结构转变与自由体积特性

在20—150℃温度范围内,测量了高聚物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中的正电子湮没寿命谱和湮没辐射多普勒展宽谱随温度的变化。两种正电子湮没参数的温度关系均一致反映了高聚物PMMA中的结构变化。108℃和48℃处的变化与玻璃化转变和β相交有关,而本实验发现正电子湮没特征在84℃处出现异常,这可能是此温度下少量自由体积孔洞的连通所致。由实验测得的o-Ps寿命及其相对强度计算了PMMA中自由体积孔洞的尺寸及自由体积分数随温度的变化。     

液晶相变的微结构研究

用正电子湮没和差示扫描量热(DSC)变温测量液晶(EBBA)样品的正电子湮没寿命谱及DSC曲线,结果表明正电子湮没的短寿命(τ_s)基本不变,而长寿命(τ₁)和强度(I₁)明显地有两次跳变,其跳变的温度范围与DSC所测定的相转变温度范围基本一致,在加热和冷却过程中样品在晶体相←→向列相之间的相互转变的相转变温度范围显著不同。用正电子湮没的ORE模型讨论了由于液晶相转变所引起的微结构变化,从而提出正电子是研究液晶(EBBA)相变的探针。 关键词：     

用正电子研究NaCl在NaY沸石上的固溶过程

用正电子湮没谱学研究NaCl与NaY沸石机械混合后, NaCl在NaY中的固溶扩散过程.分别测量不同质量比的NaCl/NaY［(1—20)%］经500℃烘烤1h，NaCl/NaY(15%)经不同温度烘烤1h,以及NaCl/NaY(15%)经500℃烘烤不同时间后的正电子寿命谱.所有寿命谱都出现了5个寿命分量, 其中第3，4，5寿命分别与β笼、超笼及沸石微粒界面空洞的大小和数量相关.实验表明正电子湮没谱学能敏感地表征NaCl在NaY中的固溶扩散过程. 关键词： 正电子湮没谱学 氯化钠 沸石     

物理新闻和动态

反物质-物质分子的制造美国加州大学河边分校科学家David Cassidy和Allen Mills找到了物质和反物质结合的确凿证据,他们发现两个正电子素原子(或称电子偶素,positronium,简写为Ps)可以相互结合,形成正电子素分子(molecular positronium,简写为Ps2).科学家们如何观察短寿命的Ps2分子呢?首先,Cassidy和Mills采用22NaCl作为放射源产生正电子,尽管短寿命的正电子将和电子结合而迅速湮没产生γ射线,但实验中他们使用Surko等发展的捕获技术,可将正电子约束和储存在“磁阱”中,大大延长它们的寿命,并很快积累数百万个正电子.然后从磁阱中提取…     

完美晶体中正电子体寿命计算的几种方法的分析与比较

以正电子寿命为探测对象的正电子湮没寿命谱技术在研究半导体等材料的微缺陷方面得到了广泛的应用,它对晶体的结构类型、缺陷种类以及温度等十分敏感,因此,理论上正电子寿命的快速精确计算与实验数据的结合分析显得尤为重要. 采用中性原子叠加模型、赝势方法和全势方法处理正电子局域势能,有限差分方法自洽求解正电子波函数,局域密度近似和广义梯度近似处理正电子电子关联势和增强因子,以体心立方结构的α-Fe、面心立方结构的Al和复式面心立方结构的Si三种单晶固体为例,分别计算了它们的正电子体寿命,计算值与相应的实验结果和其他计算结果均符合较好. 同时细致分析了这几种方法在电子密度网格点精度、正电子电子关联势和增强因子等方面对正电子体寿命计算的影响,探讨了这几种方法在计算正电子体寿命方面各自的优缺点. 关键词： 正电子体寿命 完美晶体 正电子电子关联势 增强因子     

辐射交联聚乙烯的正电子湮灭研究

用正电子寿命谱(PALS)研究了γ辐射交联和紫外光交联聚乙烯(PE),结果表明,它能有效地检测PE交联过程中交联度、结晶度的变化和影响以及氧的影响,并且发现PALS对辐射交联过程中微量氧参与的反应是非常敏感的.观察到光交联PE的PALS强度变化规律与γ辐射交联相反,这与交联样品的制备过程和紫外光使光引发剂的强吸电子基团羰基转变成弱吸电子基团羟基有关.还利用双符合多普勒展宽谱的参数佐证了PALS结果中oPs拾取湮灭强度的变化规律与辐照过程中氧的影响.     

用正电子湮没技术研究纯镍多晶体疲劳过程中的晶体缺陷

对充分退火纯镍多晶体样品分组进行了恒应变幅拉-压疲劳试验和冷轧形变后,测量了正电子湮没参数;并选少数疲劳试样进行了电子显微镜薄膜衍射象观察。用多指数拟合方法从疲劳试样的正电子湮没寿命谱中分解出与正电子在小空位团中湮没相应的成份。这些寿命值在不同疲劳阶段分别平均为209,255和>300ps。其相对强度的变化与小空位团浓度增加然后尺寸增大的趋势相符合。从而,本文根据正电子湮没技术提供了纯镍多晶体疲劳过程中除大量位错外空位聚集的实验证据。利用简单三态正电子捕获模型估算了上述缺陷浓度。本工作还提供了用多指数拟合方法分解复杂寿命谱和用于简单三态捕获模型的例证。 关键词：     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.