Sesquiterpene derivatives of the genusFerula

The review is devoted to a study of the sequiterpene derivatives of the plants of the genusFerula (Apiaceae). Information is given on the determination of the structure, stereochemistry, and characteristic reactions of 78 coumarins, 39 esters, and six sesquiterpene alcohols isolated from plants of the genusFerula. The possible biogenetic interrelationships and mutual transitions of the sesquiterpenes that are derivatives of aliphatic and of mono- and bicyclic hydrocarbons are discussed. Some information confirming the hypotheses made is given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 437–466, July–August, 1979.     

Modern state of the chemical study of species of the genusHypericum

This review gives complete information on the chemical study of 66 species of the genusHypericum L. In individual sections the study of various groups of substances is discussed in a historical framework. The compounds isolated are given — hypericins, flavanols and tanning substances, flavones, flavonols, xanthones, coumarins, phenolcarboxylic acids, antibiotic substances, essential-oil compositions, nonvolatile saturated hydrocarbons, and other compounds. The value of these groups of substances in the connection with the pharmacological action and the therapeutic use ofHypericum species is shown. The structural formulas of 85 isolated compounds and their distribution in the species studied are given. The chemosystematic value of individual substances for the genusHypericum and the family Guttiferae is discussed.Pharmaceutical Faculty, Sofia Medical Scademy. Leningrad Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 185–203, March–April, 1987.     

Coumarins of three species of the genusHaplophyllum

The results are given of an investigation of three species of the genusHaplophyllum: H. villosum, H. kowalenskyi, andH. tenue, fromwhich five substances of coumarin nature have been isolated. Of them, two substances (I and II) have been identified as scopoletin and lomatin isovalerate, respectively, while suitable structures have been established for the new compounds tenuidin, villosin, and tenudiol. It has been shown that the coumarin composition of the plants changes with the growth site.Leningrad Sanitary-Hygienic Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 800–803, November–December, 1980.     

Chemical composition and pharmacological properties of plants of the genusStachys

This review gives information of the distribution of alkaloids, carbohydrates, lipids, essential oils, diterpenoids, iridoids, flavonoids, and pigments in plants of the genusStachys L. (fam. Lamiaceae). It has been shown that the genusStachys is of interest for researchers as a source of biologically active substances of various classes which are responsible for the broad spectrum of pharmaceutical-therapeutic action of plants of this genus and drugs prepared from them. Characteristic for these plants is a low content of saturated fatty acids in the seed lipids and, in the epigeal part, of essential oils, an accumulation of iridoids of the aucubin type, and the fact that all the flavone derivatives present have a large number of substituents in ring A of the flavone nucleus. This indicates the antiquity and phylogenetic primitiveness of theStachys genus. The results of chemical and pharmacological-therapeutic studies of plants of theStachys genus growing on the territory of the former USSR are given. Literature sources up to and including 1991 have been used.Division of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, fax 2926511 - BOX 18777; and Tashkent State University, fax 462472. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 699–709, November–December, 1994.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genusSilene

Ecdysteroids produced by plants of the genusSilene are considered. The discussion covers 17 species of plants, from which 45 ecdysteroids have been isolated. It has been shown that ecdysterone is the most characteristic representative of the biosynthesis of ecdysteroids in theSilene series.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 627–635, September–October, 1993.     

Physalis withasteroids

The review gives a table of 47 withasteroids isolated from plants of the genusPhysalis. The biogenetic relationship between the different structures of the compounds is discussed on the basis of an analysis of literature material. An assignment of some C-methyl groups of the physalins is made.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 263–277, May–June, 1986.     

Influence of cycloartanes from plants of the genusAstragalus and their synthetic analogs on the contractive function of the myocardium and the activity of Na,K-ATPase

An evaluation has been mde of the cardiotonic activities of cycloartane methylsteroids isolated from plants of the genusAstragalus and their synthetic analogs. It has been established that the compounds investigated exhibit a positive inotropic effect expressed to different degrees. The mechanism of the realization of the positive inotropic action of cycloartane glycosides differs from that of cardiosteroid drugs.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 510–514, July–August, 1994.     

Ungernia alkaloids

The review is devoted to the study of the alkaloids of plants of the genusUngernia (Amaryllidaceae). It gives their characteristic reactions and information on the determination of their structures and stereochemistry and on the dynamics of the accumulation of alkaloids in the plants of the genusUngernia. A dependence of the physiological activity of the alkaloids on their structure is shown.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek, SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 749–767, November–December, 1980.     

Progress in the chemistry of the cycloartanes

The review, which considers advances in the chemistry of the cycloartanes, covers literature devoted to compounds of plants of the genusAstragalus and other publications appearing in the period from 1984 to 1987 and, in part, 1988.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 156–175, March–April, 1989.     

Berberis alkaloids

This review systematizes literature information on alkaloids of plants of the genusBerberis. The main chemical and spectral methods of establishing their structures, and also their pharmacological properties, are considered. The review includes literature sources up to 1992.Andizhan State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 481–506, July–August, 1993.     

Alkaloids ofHaplophyllum foliosum

The alkaloids skimmianine, dubinidine, foliosidine, graveoline, and compounds (I) and (II) have been isolated from the epigeal part of the plantHaplophyllum foliosum Vved. (family Rutaceae). On the basis of the spectral characteristics of (I) and its 0-isopropylidene derivative it has been established that the compound is the alkaloid edulinine. Substance (II) was identified as ferulic acid by direct comparison with an authentic sample. This is the first time that edulinine and ferulic acid have been detected in plants of the genusHaplophyllum.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 803–805, November–December, 1980.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of theSilene genus and the dynamics of their accumulation

The ecdysteroids of four species of the genusSilene L. have been studied. Six ecdysteroids have been isolated and identified, and the dynamics of the accumulation of the ecdysteroids in relation to the phases of development of the plants have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 718–723, September–October, 1997.     

Alkaloids of a new type fromSophora alopecuroides L.

Summary The structures of aloperine and allylaloperine (fromSophora alopecuroides L.) — alkaloids of a new structural type for the genusSophora — have been established by chemical and spectral methods. A number of parameters, NMR spectra, and mass spectra characterizing this class of compounds has been obtained. The partial synthesis of allylaloperine has been performed.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 30–37, January–February, 1975.     

Preparative Scale Separation of Xanthones and Iridoid Glycosides by Droplet Counter-Current Chromatography

Droplet counter-current chromatography (DCCC.) has been used for the preparative scale separation of pure constituents from crude medicinal plant extracts. Xanthones and the bitter principles have been isolated from North-American Gentiana species. From a crude extract of Ajuga pyramidalis L . (Labiatae), several hundred mg of iridoid glycosides were obtained within eight hours. The total volume of mobile phase employed for the elution was less than 150 ml. All the separations were achieved far more readily than by conventional chromatography. In addition, some general rules for solvent system selection are proposed.     

Allium carbohydrates I. Isolation and characterization of the polysaccharides

Summary 1. The amounts of glucofructans in 15 species of plants of the genusAllium L. growing in Central Asia have been studied.2. The polydispersity of all the glucofructans isolated has been established. Fractionation of the glucofructan fromA. sativum L. yielded homogeneous fractions with mol. wt. 1900 and 5000. On the basis of their IR spectra and the results of periodate oxidation, they have been assigned to the glucofructans of the inulin type.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 137–142, March–April, 1979.     

Gas-liquid chromatography of triterpene alcohols of the dammarane series from the leaves of the genusBetula

The relative retention times have been determined and the stability has been shown of tetracyclic alcohols of the dammarane series from leaves of Far Eastern species of the genusBetula, and of their TMS ethers, on the stationary liquid phases OV-1 and OV-225 under GLC conditions. The conditions of obtaining the TMS ethers of the compounds under investigation, and the properties of these ethers, have been studied with the aid of GLC analysis, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 592–596, September–October, 1983.     

Oils of the seeds of nine species of the genusCrambe

Summary The physicochemical properties of the oils of nine species of the genusCrambe have been studied and their fatty-acid compositions have been determined. The fatty acids of the oils contain not less than 20% of erucic acid. Its highest amounts are found in the oils ofC. abyssinica andC. pinnatifida — 57.01 and 47.37%, respectively.Zaporozh'e Medical Institute. Ukrainian Branch of the All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of the Oil and Fats Industry, Zaporozh'e. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 18–20, January–February, 1977.     

Structure of the alkaloid schoberine

The structure of an alkaloid of a new type, schoberine, isolated from plants of the genusNitraria has been established by the x-ray structural method as perhydro-1,10-propano-4a,8a-diazaphenanthrene. Its chemical and spectral properties have been studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirondnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 30–34, January–February, 1989.     

Sesquiterpene derivatives of the genusFerula

The review is devoted to a study of the sequiterpene derivatives of the plants of the genusFerula (Apiaceae). Information is given on the determination of the structure, stereochemistry, and characteristic reactions of 78 coumarins, 39 esters, and six sesquiterpene alcohols isolated from plants of the genusFerula. The possible biogenetic interrelationships and mutual transitions of the sesquiterpenes that are derivatives of aliphatic and of mono- and bicyclic hydrocarbons are discussed. Some information confirming the hypotheses made is given.