一种新的氨基酸描述符及其在肽QSAR中的应用

从20种天然氨基酸的41个randic molecular profiles非零描述符、44个eigenvalue based indices非零描述符和47个walk and path counts非零描述符分别进行主成分分析,得出一种新的氨基酸描述符-SVREW。将其应用于血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制二肽和ACE抑制三肽、苦味二肽和苦味四肽、后叶催产素类似物、HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位肽的结构表征,应用多元线性回归(MLR)建立定量构效关系模型,同时采用内部与外部双重验证的方法验证模型的稳定性。所建ACE抑制二肽、ACE抑制三肽、苦味二肽、苦味四肽、后叶催产素类似物、HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位肽的模型复相关系数(R2cum)分别为0.994,0.797,0.948,0.878,0.686,0.720;留一法交互校验复相关系数(R2cv)分别为0.955,0.859,0.879,0.958,0.796,0.843;外部样本校验相关系数(Q2ext)分别为0.990,0.954,0.890,0.950,0.748,0.773。经研究表明SVREW描述符用于肽分子结构表征所建模型的稳定性与预测能力均较好,有望成为多肽定量构效关系研究中一种有效的结构表征方法,可对新药物的发现和研究提供指导。     

基于多元线性回归的血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽定量构效关系建模研究

利用氨基酸结构描述符SVHEHS分别对血管紧张素转化酶(Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme,ACE)竞争性抑制二肽、三肽、四肽序列表征后,建立结构与活性的多元线性回归(MLR)模型。ACE抑制二肽模型的相关系数、交叉验证相关系数、均方根误差、外部验证相关系数分别为0.851、0.781、0.327、0.792;三肽模型分别为0.805、0.717、0.339、0.817;四肽模型分别为0.792、0.553、0.393、0.630。研究表明,运用该描述符建立的ACE抑制肽MLR模型拟合、预测能力均较好,能较好解释ACE抑制肽的活性与结构间的关系。     

基于氨基酸描述符SVHEHS的ACE抑制肽QSAR研究

收集20种天然氨基酸的457种理化性质,按照疏水、电性特征、氢键贡献和立体特征分类后,对它们分别进行主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA),得到一个新的氨基酸残基结构描述符SVHEHS.用该描述符分别对血管紧张素转化酶(AngiotensinⅠconverting enzyme,ACE)抑制二肽、三肽、四肽进行序列表征,并用来与生物活性建立偏最小二乘(Partial least square regression,PLS)模型.ACE抑制二肽、三肽、四肽模型的相关系数、交叉验证相关系数、 均方根误差、外部验证相关系数分别为0.607,0.507,0.587,0.783;0.852,0.813,0.232,0.839;1,1,0,0.935.由此说明,采用SVHEHS描述符建立的PLS模型拟合、预测能力均较好,可用于血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的定量构效关系研究.     

基于新型氨基酸描述符SVICE对肽类药物进行QSAR研究

采用20种天然氨基酸的47个information indices描述符、33个connectivity indices描述符和44个eigenvalue-based indices描述符分别进行主成分分析,得出一种新的氨基酸描述符-SVICE.将其分别对三肽血管收缩素转化酶(ACE)、抗菌十八肽(AMP)、苦味活性二肽(BTT)序列表征后,建立结构与活性的SMR-MLR模型,并采用内外部双重验证的方法检验模型的稳定性.所建模型相关统计参量如下:复相关系数(Rcum2)、留一法(LOO)交互校验复相关系数(RCV2)和外部样本校验复相关系数(Qext2)分别为0.988,0.964,0.985;0.990,0.970和0.855;0.949,0.887,0.830.结果表明,运用SVICE描述符建立的MLR模型拟合、预测能力均较好,能较好解释肽类药物的活性与结构间的关系从而为新的强活性肽类药物的分子设计和改造提供了指导.     

三维全息原子场作用矢量用于脂肪酸的QSRR研究

采用三维全息原子场作用矢量(3D-HoVAIF)进行结构表征,研究脂肪酸定量结构保留指数关系(QSRR),通过逐步回归(SMR)进行变量筛选,多元线性回归(MLR)建立定量构效关系模型.结果表明,所建模型的复相关系数r为0.998,留一法交互校验(L00-CV)复相关系数rcv为0.983.3D-HoVAIF能较好地表征脂肪酸的结构信息,且所建模型具有较好的稳定性和预测能力.     

基于不同建模方法的ACE抑制肽QSAR比较研究

以自组建的血管紧张素转化酶(Angiotensin I-converting enzyme)抑制肽库为研究对象,采用氨基酸描述符SVHEHS(Scores vector of hydrophobic,electronic,hydrogen bonds and steric properties)对各肽样本进行结构表征后,进行自交叉协方差(Auto cross covariances,ACC)处理,并分别利用多元线性回归(Multiple linear regression,MLR)、偏最小二乘(Partial least square regression,PLS)、人工神经网络(Artificial neural networks,ANN)3种建模方法进行ACE抑制肽QSAR建模。结果显示,所得MLR、PLS与ANN模型的相关系数(Correlation coefficient,R2)分别为0.744、0.862、0.958,留一交叉验证相关系数(Leave-one-out cross-validated correlation coefficient,Q2LOO)分别为0.532、0.829、0.948,外部验证复相关系数(External validated correlation coefficient,Q2ext)分别为0.567、0.632、0.634。因此,SVHEHS结合上述3种建模方法均适用于ACE抑制肽的QSAR研究,其中ANN的建模效果最优。     

神经网络在ACE抑制肽QSAR中的应用研

通过对天然氨基酸的457种物化性质参数进行主成分分析后得到SVHEHS描述符,用该描述符分别对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制二肽、三肽、四肽进行表征,并建立了肽结构与活性的神经网络模型。ACE抑制二肽神经网络模型的相关系数、交叉验证相关系数、均方根误差和外部验证相关系数分别为0.946、0.951、0.249、0.852,三肽模型分别为0.973、0.945、0.135、0.813,四肽模型分别为0.915、0.879、0.250、0.814。由此表明SVHEHS描述符结合神经网络对ACE抑制肽的建模效果及模型预测能力均较理想,在此基础上进一步通过平均影响值(Mean impact value,MIV)法确定了显著影响各类肽活性的结构因素,从而为新的强活性ACE抑制肽的分子设计提供了理论基础。     

一种新三维描述子用于Nevirapine类抗艾滋病药物定量构效关系的研究

运用三维全息原子场作用矢量(3D-HoVAIF)对33个Nevirapine类抗艾滋病药物进行了定量构效关系(QSAR)研究。采用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)建立定量构效关系模型,同时采用内部及外部双重验证的方法对所得模型稳定性能进行深入分析和检验,所建模型的复相关系数(Rcum2)、留一法(LOO)交互校验(CV)复相关系数(Qcum2)和外部样本校验复相关系数(Qext2)分别为0·835、0·530和0·518。结果表明,3D-HoVAIF能较好表征Nevirapine类抗艾滋病药物分子结构信息,且所建模型具有较好稳定性能和预测能力。     

基于逐步非线性回归的血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽QSAR建模

线性特征选择方法可提升定量构效关系(QSAR)模型的预测能力,但易忽略特征(理化属性)与分子活性间的非线性关系。本文提出基于支持向量回归(SVR)的逐步非线性回归(SSNR)特征选择算法并用于降血压药物血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽的QSAR研究。首先以具有不同背景的5组分子描述符分别表征肽序列,以SSNR实施特征选择,再通过智能一致性模型(ICM)对各组描述符对应子模型的预测活性进行加权整合,获得最终活性预测值。在ACE抑制二肽与三肽两个数据上的应用结果表明,SSNR获得的特征子集结合ICM策略可有效提升模型预测能力(二肽的平均Q■为0.675±0.002,三肽为0.663±0.013),优于遗传算法-偏最小二乘(0.538±0.049、0.599±0.047)与逐步线性回归(0.583±0.041、0.675±0.010)。最后基于抑制活性已知肽序列预测所有活性未知肽的活性,分析了高活性肽及其氨基酸偏好性,为人工合成潜在高活性ACE抑制肽提供可能的序列组合。     

三维全息原子场作用矢量用于吡咯类抗艾滋病药物QSAR研究

采用三维全息原子场作用矢量(3D-HoVAIF)对32个吡咯类抗艾滋病药物进行结构参数化表征,并与其活性建立定量构效关系。分别采用多元线性回归(MLR)和偏最小二乘(PLS)进行建模,建模的复相关系数(R2cum)、交互校验复相关系数(Q2cum)和模型的标准偏差(SD)分别为R2cum=0.914、Q2cum=0.812、SD=0.236(MLR);R2cum=0.836、Q2cum=0.719、SD=0.314(PLS),结果均优于文献值(R2cum=0.667,Q2cum=0.581,SD=0.420)。所建模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力,表明3D-HoVAIF能够较好地表征该类分子的结构,值得进一步推广应用。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.