亚胺白藜芦醇抗氧化性质的理论研究

本文采用量子化学的密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,从静态与动态两大方面分析了亚胺白藜芦醇不同位置酚羟基在不同溶剂中抗氧化活性的能力大小。从前线分子轨道初步分析了其抗氧化活性位点,通过对化合物酚羟基键解离焓(BDE)、电离势(IP)、质子解离焓(PDE)、质子亲和势(PA)和电子转移焓(ETE)等参数的研究,分析了一步抽氢反应机制(HAT)、逐步质子转移-电子转移机制(SET-PT)、质子优先损失电子转移机制(SPLET)三种反应机制,进一步确定了亚胺白藜芦醇的抗氧化活性位点。探讨了亚胺白藜芦醇分子不同位置酚羟基清除·OH和·OOH的抗氧化机理,得到了该分子与·OH和·OOH发生抽氢反应时的过渡态结构。计算结果表明,在溶剂中亚胺白藜芦醇分子C4’位上酚羟基活性最高,发生抽氢反应时所需能垒最小,是最大可能的活性位点。在非极性溶剂中HAT是主要的机制;在极性溶剂中SPLET机制是主要的。     

氧化白藜芦醇清除自由基活性的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的方法,分析了氧化白藜芦醇分子酚羟基在不同溶剂中清除自由基活性能力大小,对其三种抗氧化机制:H原子转移(HAT)机制、逐步电子转移质子转移(SET-PT)机制、质子优先损失电子转移(SPLET)机制进行了研究,探讨了在气相中不同位置酚羟基清除·OH、·OOH自由基的抗氧化机理。计算结果表明,在任何溶剂中氧化白藜芦醇分子C4’位的酚羟基活性最高,在气相和苯中HAT机制是清除自由基活性的最主要机制,在极性溶剂中SET-PT机制是热力学上最有利的途径,而在所有环境中SPLET机制都不是最主要的机制。     

六种花青素类化合物抗氧化活性的DFT研究

本文采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法在6-311G(d,p)水平上对花青素分子中天竺葵色素、矢车菊色素、飞燕草色素、芍药色素、牵牛色素、锦葵色素及相关自由基分子进行了优化计算。从六个分子的结构参数、酚羟基氢原子上的自然键轨道(NBO)电荷数、酚羟基解离能、HOMO和LUMO能级以及其能级差△E(LUMO-HOMO)等方面分析了六种花青素类化合物清除自由基的活性。计算数据表明,酚羟基解离能、最高占据轨道及轨道能级差最能说明抗氧化活性情况,C4’酚羟基清除自由基活性最强,C3位最易发生糖苷化。在相同方法下对天竺葵色素分子C4’位酚羟基与·OH自由基的反应的过渡态进行了计算,发现该反应的反应势垒只有14.6 kJ·mol-1,反应热ΔH=-87.7 kJ·mol-1,该反应为放热反应。     

槲皮素抗氧化活性的密度泛函理论研究

采用杂化密度泛函理论(DFT)方法, 预测了黄酮类化合物槲皮素分子的几何结构、电子结构和脱氢解离焓, 分析了这些性质与分子活性位的关系, 探讨了槲皮素分子的抗氧化活性, 即与活性氧自由基•OH, •OOH和 的反应机理. 在B3LYP/6-31＋G(d)水平下, 计算得到的槲皮素分子脱氢自由基的相对稳定性、脱氢解离焓和氢提取过程的活化能都表明, 槲皮素中的4 -羟基活性最高, 最有可能参与自由基的清除. 4 -羟基位的这种反应活性主要来源于相邻羟基之间的弱氢键相互作用. 深入研究槲皮素分子的抗氧化机理, 有助于更合理地设计和合成新的抗氧化剂.     

白皮杉醇PIC与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

采用M05-2X/6-311++G(d,p)水平对白皮杉醇PIC清除OH自由基的气相反应机理进行了研究,并采用极化连续介质模型考察了极性溶剂对该反应机理的影响.结果表明,在气相和水溶液中OH自由基的抽氢反应均最易发生在B环的C4'OH位的酚羟基上,加成反应优先在乙烯双键和C4'原子上进行.在298 K的气相条件下,抽氢与加成反应主通道总速率常数kCVT/SCTTotal分别为5.46×1015和2.72×1014L·mol-1·s-1,抽氢反应为优势通道,且抽氢与加成反应均具有负温度效应.     

黄芪异黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性的密度泛函理论研究

本文采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法在6-311G(d,p)水平上对黄芪中的四种异黄酮类化合物毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花素、芒柄花苷进行了优化计算,从四个分子的几何结构、酚羟基氢原子上的NBO电荷、酚羟基解离能、HOMO和LUMO能级以及其能级差△E(LUMO-HOMO)等方面分析了四种黄芪异黄酮类化合物清除自由基的活性.C3.位的酚羟基为毛蕊异黄酮苷元及其苷分子的最大可能活性位点,C7位酚羟基也具有一定的活性,可以增加分子本身的抗氧化活性,C7位酚羟基为芒柄花素分子的活性位点.C3,位或C7位上酚羟基氢原子带正电荷越大、酚羟基的解离能越小、△E(LUMO-HOMO)越小、HOMO能级相对越高分子的抗氧化活性越高.糖苷取代C7位酚羟基上的H原子,可以提高HOMO、LUMO的轨道能级,但是分子失去了7位酚羟基,从而降低了毛蕊异黄酮苷分子的抗氧化活性.结果表明,四种黄芪异黄酮类化合物的抗氧化能力大小为:毛蕊异黄酮＞毛蕊异黄酮苷＞芒柄花素＞＞芒柄花苷.对芒柄花素和羟基自由基反应的过渡态进行了计算研究.     

花青素中矢车菊色素抗氧化活性的理论研究

采用M06-2X/def2tzvp//M06-2X/6-31G(d, p)+ZPE水平对矢车菊色素清除OH自由基的气相抽氢反应机理进行了研究,并采用极化连续介质模型考察了极性溶剂对该反应机理的影响。结果表明,在气相和水溶液中OH自由基抽取矢车菊色素五个酚羟基氢从热力学和动力学角度分析,均极易进行。该研究以期从理论角度深入考察矢车菊色素分子的抗氧化机理,为开发天然抗氧化剂提供一定的理论基础。     

溶剂和链长对木犀草素抗氧化活性影响的理论研究

基于木犀草素的结构特点,采用量子化学的密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了溶剂和酯基对木犀草素抗氧化活性的影响.首先,研究了化合物中分子内氢键的性质.其次,从热力学角度通过抽氢反应(HAT)、逐步电子转移质子转移(SET-PT)和质子优先损失电子转移(SPLET)机制分析了化合物的抗氧化能力.氢键性质分析发现,木犀草素及其...     

脂肪二胺桥联受阻酚的合成及抗氧化活性研究

以脂肪二胺为桥联基,通过与β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰氯酰胺化缩合反应,合成了4种脂肪二胺桥联受阻酚.核磁氢谱和质谱证实了脂肪二胺桥联受阻酚的化学结构,采用DPPH法和测氧法对脂肪二胺桥联受阻酚的抗氧化活性进行了研究.结果表明脂肪二胺桥联受阻酚对含氮自由基DPPH和过氧自由基ROO均具有良好的抗氧化活性.随着受阻酚桥联基的增长,受阻酚清除自由基的活性均下降,但随着受阻酚物质的量分数的增加,清除活性均增大,且桥联基对清除DPPH自由基活性的影响大于清除ROO自由基的活性.     

脂肪二胺桥联受阻酚清除DPPH自由基的活性及动力学研究

采用DPPH法对脂肪二胺桥联受阻酚的抗氧化活性和清除反应动力学进行了研究。结果表明,脂肪二胺桥联受阻酚具有良好清除DPPH·的活性,随脂肪二胺桥联受阻酚浓度的增大和清除反应时间的延长,清除活性先快速降低随后变化较小;随着桥联基的增长,清除活性降低,即抗氧化活性降低,这表明脂肪二胺桥联受阻酚的桥联基越长,酚羟基提供氢质子的能力越差,清除自由基的活性越低。然而,该系列受阻酚在聚烯烃材料中,由于受体系相容性的影响,随着桥联基的增长,抗氧化活性反而增强。脂肪二胺桥联受阻酚清除DPPH·的反应为一级反应,且反应速率常数随着桥联基链的增长而降低。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.