Mode-competition noise associated with microwave modulation of multimode semiconductor lasers

We analyze the mode-competition (MC) phenomenon and the associated noise in multimode semiconductor lasers at microwave modulation. The study is based on the multimode rate-equation model, which takes into account the mechanisms of modal gain suppression. The MC is evaluated by the correlation coefficients between oscillating modes in the laser cavity. We show that an increase in the modulation depth changes the mode coupling from anticorrelation to positive correlation and then to complete coupling, which corresponds to emission of periodic pulses. The frequency spectra of relative intensity noise (RIN) exhibit sharp peaks at the modulation frequency and higher harmonics. The increase in the modulation depth is associated with suppression of the total and modal RIN under high-frequency modulation and with noise enhancement under low-frequency modulation.     

基于相位调制-解调的光纤激光相位噪声检测方法研究

在主动相位控制相干合成中,常用的光纤激光主动相位控制方法主要有外差法、多抖动法和随机并行梯度下降算法等. 基于多抖动法和外差法的原理,提出了一种新型的基于相位调制-解调的相位检测与控制方法. 该方法利用周期信号对参考光进行相位调制,将调制后的参考光与待检测信号光进行相干检测,通过对相干光强信号和相位调制信号的融合处理,实现相位噪声的检测和控制. 对该方法进行了数值模拟和实验研究. 实验结果表明,对于频率为2 kHz,噪声范围为[0,2π)的正弦噪声,相位检测精度优于λ/50,控制精度可达 关键词： 光纤激光 相干合成 相位噪声检测 调制-解调     

Efficient modulation frequency doubling by induced modulation instability

We show that inducing modulation instability with a weak modulation whose frequency is such that its second harmonic falls within the band of instability may lead to asynchronous Fermi-Pasta-Ulam recurrence and efficient transfer of power from the pump into the second harmonic of the modulation, resulting in a periodic modulation at the second harmonic with extinction ratios in excess of 30 dB.     

Harmonic and intermodulation distortions and noise associated with two-tone modulation of high-speed semiconductor lasers

We present results of modeling and simulation of the harmonic and intermodulation distortions as well as the intensity noise of high-speed semiconductor lasers under two-tone modulation. Multiple quantum-well lasers are considered, which are characterized by large differential gain and a modulation bandwidth of about 25GHz. The study is based on the rate equation model of semiconductor lasers excited by injection current with two sinusoidal tones separated by a radio frequency. The modulated laser signal is modeled in both the time and frequency domains. The time domain characteristics include the fluctuating waveform, while the frequency domain characteristics include the frequency spectrum of the relative intensity noise (RIN), carrier-to-noise ratio, modulation response, harmonic distortion, and the second- and third-order intermodulation distortions (IMD2 and IMD3). The analysis is performed for three frequencies of 5, 15, and 24 GHz, which are, respectively, lower, comparable, and higher than the laser relaxation frequency. The range of the modulation depth covers the regimes of small and large-signal modulation. We show that both RIN and IMD3 of two-modulated laser are minimum when the modulation frequency is 5GHz, and maximum when the modulation frequency is 24 GHz. The second-order harmonic distortion, IMD2, and IMD3 values are larger in the vicinity of relaxation oscillations and increase with the modulation index, especially under large-signal modulation.     

Frequency modulation spectroscopy by means of quantum-cascade lasers

In this paper we investigate the performance of quantum cascade (QC) lasers for high frequency modulation spectroscopy, particularly using frequency modulation (FM) and two-tone (2T) techniques. The coupling of the rf signal to the QC laser through the cryostat is studied in detail as well as the noise contributions of both the detector and the laser source to the final spectra. The experimental traces are obtained by spectroscopy on low-pressure N₂O and CH₄ gases at 8.0 μm and 7.3 μm wavelength, respectively, and reproduce the line profiles predicted by theory. As a preliminary result, an enhancement of a factor six is measured with respect to direct absorption line recording. PACS 42.62.Fi; 42.72.A1; 07.88.+y     

Relaxational processes and instability in lasers

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 219–224, February, 1988.     

Two-stream instability in free electron lasers

The analysis of the interaction between electromagnetic waves and electron beams in semi-infinite wigglers is presented. The beam is assumed to include two cold streams of electrons; hence, its space-charge waves may be unstable (two-stream instability). In the wiggler, this instability is shown to yield much larger growth rates (up to seven times greater) than in the conventional one-stream free electron laser (FEL). Accordingly, the gain per pass is enhanced by orders of magnitude. The enhancement of the two-stream instability is shown to be most effective for short-period wigglers     

Enhancement effect of high-frequency noise of injection lasers with reflected waves due to direct modulation

It is found experimentally that the high-frequency noise of an injection laser associated with wave injection due to external reflection is significantly increased when the direct modulation is applied. It is clarified that the noise enhancement effect is caused by the increasing of the quantum shot noise of the injection laser due to the current modulation. The high- frequency noise of the narrow stripe laser is smaller than that of the wide stripe laser.     

Amplitude modulation of turbulence noise by voicing in fricatives

The two principal sources of sound in speech, voicing and frication, occur simultaneously in voiced fricatives as well as at the vowel-fricative boundary in phonologically voiceless fricatives. Instead of simply overlapping, the two sources interact. This paper is an acoustic study of one such interaction effect: the amplitude modulation of the frication component when voicing is present. Corpora of sustained and fluent-speech English fricatives were recorded and analyzed using a signal-processing technique designed to extract estimates of modulation depth. Results reveal a pattern, consistent across speaking style, speaker, and place of articulation, for modulation at fo to rise at low voicing strengths and subsequently saturate. Voicing strength needed to produce saturation varied 60-66 dB across subjects and experimental conditions. Modulation depths at saturation varied little across speakers but significantly for place of articulation (with [z] showing particularly strong modulation) clustering at approximately 0.4-0.5 (a 40%-50% fluctuation above and below unmodulated amplitude); spectral analysis of modulating signals revealed weak but detectable modulation at the second and third harmonics (i.e., 2fo and 3fo).     

Passive mode locking of lasers by crossed-polarization gain modulation

We report on a novel approach for inducing passive mode locking of lasers without using any saturable absorber but exploiting the polarization degree of freedom of light. In our scheme, passive mode locking is achieved by crossed-polarization gain modulation caused by the reinjection of a polarization-rotated replica of the laser output after a time delay. The reinjection time delay defines resonance tongues that correspond to mode-locking operation. Numerical continuation reveals that the cw solution is destabilized through a Hopf bifurcation that defines the onset of multimode operation which evolves sharply into a mode-locked solution. Our approach can be applied to a large variety of laser systems. For vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, we demonstrate stable mode-locked pulses at repetition rates in the GHz range and pulse widths of few tens of picoseconds.     

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基于多光子非线性Compton散射模型,研究了Compton散射下等离子体中强朗缪尔湍动对调制不稳定性的影响。将入射光和Compton散射光作为形成强朗缪尔湍动和调制不稳定性的新机制,给出了强朗缪尔湍动、色散和调制不稳定性时间增长率所满足的修正方程,并进行了数值模拟。结果表明,与Compton散射前相比,Compton散射使等离子体内产生了更为剧烈的坍塌,坍塌后期形成的强朗缪尔湍动,使等离子体界面附近的调制不稳定性的时间增长率显著增大,调制不稳定性发展得更快,光场峰值增加得更强,并使整体激光场出现明显的成丝现象。     

Optically induced spatial instability in twin-stripe-geometry lasers

The use of light injection to modify the lateral gain profile in twin-stripe injection lasers is described and consequent movement of the lasing optical field is demonstrated. A method of quantifying the sensitivity of the device to light injection is described and used to examine the dependence of optical instability upon injection current.     

The modulation instability revisited

The modulational instability (or “Benjamin-Feir instability”) has been a fundamental principle of nonlinear wave propagation in systems without dissipation ever since it was discovered in the 1960s. It is often identified as a mechanism by which energy spreads from one dominant Fourier mode to neighboring modes. In recent work, we have explored how damping affects this instability, both mathematically and experimentally. Mathematically, the modulational instability changes fundamentally in the presence of damping: for waves of small or moderate amplitude, damping (of the right kind) stabilizes the instability. Experimentally, we observe wavetrains of small or moderate amplitude that are stable within the lengths of our wavetanks, and we find that the damped theory predicts the evolution of these wavetrains much more accurately than earlier theories. For waves of larger amplitude, neither the standard (undamped) theory nor the damped theory is accurate, because frequency downshifting affects the evolution in ways that are still poorly understood.     

Mesoscopic stoner instability in metallic nanoparticles revealed by shot noise

We study sequential tunneling through a metallic nanoparticle close to the Stoner instability coupled to parallel magnetized electrodes. Increasing the bias voltage successively opens transport channels associated with excitations of the nanoparticle's total spin. For the current this leads just to a steplike increase. The Fano factor, in contrast, shows oscillations between large super-Poissonian and sub-Poissonian values as a function of bias voltage. We explain the enhanced Fano factor in terms of generalized random-telegraph noise and propose the shot noise as a convenient tool to probe the mesoscopic Stoner instability.     

Modulation instability in an optical fiber induced by cross-phase modulation

Radiophysics Research Institute. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 84–88, January, 1991.     

Frequency noise reduction in erbium-doped fiber distributed-feedback lasers by electronic feedback

A novel technique for suppressing frequency noise in an erbium-doped fiber distributed-feedback laser incorporated into a master-oscillator-power-amplifier configuration by an electronic feedback technique is presented. The frequency noise is suppressed by locking of the laser emission to a fiber interferometer. The frequency noise spectral density of the laser is reduced by as much as 20 dB over the frequency range 1 Hz-10 kHz to 1.5 Hz/Hz(1/2) +/-25% at 1 kHz with a relative intensity noise spectral density below -120 dB/Hz over the frequency range 10 Hz-1 kHz. These lasers will have applications as sources for fiber-optic interferometry, high-resolution spectroscopy, and high-bandwidth communications.