超强激光参数对等离子体折射系数的影响分析

分析了超强激光与等离子体相互作用的“准静态”冷等离子体模型,求出了等离子体相对于矩形和非矩形脉冲激光的折射系数;讨论了激光参数对等离子体折射系数的影响,结果发现：1）当激光强度归一化矢势的大小大于1.4时,在同一激光强度下,矩形激光对应的静电势大于非矩形激光对应的静电势,激光强度越小,两者的差异越小;2）在同一激光强度下,矩形脉冲激光引起的折射系数远较非矩形激光脉冲引起的折射系数大;3）不管是哪种脉冲激光,只要激光强度增加,折射系数都增加,但矩形脉冲激光更易使折射系数达到1;4）在激光强度一定时,随着脉冲激光波长的增加,折射系数都按一定的指数规律减少,非矩形脉冲激光的减少幅度大于矩形脉冲激光减少的幅度;5）当波长趋于零时,折射系数都趋于1,这是由于脉冲激光的频率增高,等离子体中产生了非常强的 “透镜”效应所至.     

Laser Micro-beam Manipulation System for Cells

This paper introduces a laser micro-beam system for cells manipulation. The laser micro-beam system comprises a laser scissors and a laser tweezers, which are focused by a Nd∶YAG laser and a He-Ne laser through a microscope objective, respectively. Not only the overall design of the laser micro-beam system is discussed, but also the design and choice of the critical components. A laser micro-beam system was constructed and anticipated experiment results were gained. Yeast cells can be successfully manipulated with the laser tweezers. Chromosomes can be successfully incised with the laser scissors.     

种子注入的短脉冲激光器特性研究

 从LD泵浦固体激光器优化设计原则出发，设计了一种微型二极管泵浦激光器，并对种子激光器的结构和参数进行了优化。该激光器运转稳定，输出光束质量高，光束发散角小，光-光转化效率为17-4%，斜率效率可达24%，输出功率可达80mW。将此种子激光注入到调Q激光器中，改善了调Q激光器的输出特性，使得激光脉冲的建立时间缩短了40ns，输出的横模场分布得到了明显改善。     

Laser Micro-beam Manipulation System for Cells

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Ar+激光和532 nm激光及其线偏振激光辐照光学模型下人正常小肠组织光学特性

采用双积分球系统和光辐射测量技术的基本原理以及运用生物组织的光学模型 ,研究了 4 76 5 ,4 88,4 96 5 ,5 14 5 ,5 32nm激光及其线偏振激光辐照人正常小肠组织的光学特性。结果表明 :组织对激光及线偏振激光的衰减系数和散射系数随着波长的减小而增大 ,而 5 14 5～ 5 32nm波长之间 ,线偏振光与非线偏振光入射则开始有明显差异。吸收系数是随着波长的减小而缓慢地增大 ,而 5 14 5～ 5 32nm波长之间吸收系数的改变则明显变小 ,与是否线偏振光入射无明显差异。平均散射余弦也是随着波长的减小而增大 ,光学穿透深度则是随着波长的增大而增大 ,折射率在这五个波长范围内的值在 (1 38～ 1 4 8)之间。Kubel ka Munk二流模型下组织对同一波长的激光及其线偏振激光的吸收系数、散射系数、总衰减系数、有效衰减系数没有显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。组织对不同波长的激光或其线偏振激光的吸收系数、散射系数、总衰减系数、有效衰减系数是有差异的。而在 5 14 5～ 5 32nm波长之间其光学特性参数有较为明显的差异。     

射频板条CO2激光器输出光束的光学变换

射频激励板条CO2激光器输出激光近场光斑近似为一条线,远场光斑为O形图样。在垂直于光束传输方向的平面内,光束在一个方向发散很大,无法用于激光加工。根据激光器不同的激光功率级别及光束尺寸,分别采用了圆柱面镜、滤波光阑、扩束望远镜等不同组合的方法,将200 W激光器输出光束变换成远场光束为Φ6、近似TEM00模的圆形光束,500 W激光器远场光束为Φ10的低阶模的圆形光束。成功用于激光切割。     

低强度激光辐照HeLa细胞诱导增殖效应的可见光谱特性

比较研究了可见波段405,514,633和785nm低强度激光辐照HeLa细胞的促增殖效应。实验采用100和1 000J.m-2两种有效能量密度的可见光波辐照细胞,照射后24,48,72h采用MTT法检测细胞活性。结果表明,405,633,785nm激光均能促进HeLa细胞增殖,且呈波长和时间依赖性;633nm激光辐照对细胞促增殖效应最显著;514nm激光辐照对HeLa细胞促增殖效应较不明显。不同光剂量对细胞增殖效应不同,405,633,785nm激光辐照时能量密度为1 000J.m-2的辐照组细胞增殖均较100J.m-2辐照组明显,而514nm激光辐照时1 000J.m-2辐照组与100J.m-2辐照组细胞增殖的差异不明显。     

A comparative study on diode-pumped single-frequency Tm:YAG and Tm:GdVO<Subscript>4</Subscript> lasers

In this paper, we present experimental results concerning on the laser characteristics of Tm:YAG laser and Tm: GdVO₄ laser. At room temperature, the maximum output power of Tm:YAG laser and Tm:GdVO₄ laser is 210 and 145 mW, respectively. High efficiency can be achieved for both lasers at room temperature. Nevertheless, compared with Tm:GdVO₄ laser, Tm:YAG laser can operate on single frequency with high power easily. As much as 60 mW of 2013.9 nm single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) laser was achieved for Tm:YAG laser. For Tm:GdVO₄ laser 51 mW of 1919.7 nm SLM laser was achieved. The SLM Tm:YAG laser is better for using as a seed laser for coherent wind measurements and differential absorption LIDAR systems.     

激光光强扰动对相干场成像降质影响理论研究

激光相干场成像系统发射多束激光,经大气传输对远程目标成像,大气湍流引起的激光束光强扰动是影响成像质量的一个关键因素.本文从湍流引起的激光束光强扰动对回波解调信号的影响关系入手,建立了激光回波光强扰动因子对相位闭合系数和成像频谱分量的降质传函理论模型;基于三光束激光相干场成像系统仿真验证了理论模型的有效性.研究表明激光相干场成像频谱分量和成像像质主要受三光束相位闭合求解算法中第二光束光强扰动影响.该研究揭示了激光回波光强扰动对成像像质的影响机理,对于分析大气湍流等引起的光强扰动降质效应和合理分配多光束光强稳定性以提高成像质量具有理论指导意义.     

液晶相位调控器件的高功率激光应用相关问题

液晶相位调控器件在聚变点火、激光加工、光电对抗、激光雷达、激光通讯、激光防护等高功率激光领域有着非常广泛的应用及应用前景。但受限于构成器件材料自身抗激光损伤能力的限制以及缺乏对高功率激光辐照下液晶相位调控器件相位调控性能退化及损伤特性的系统研究,目前液晶相位调控器件的激光耐受力还难以满足高功率激光系统的应用和发展需求。为指导高激光耐受力液晶相位调控器件的制备工艺优化,对液晶相位调控器件在高峰值和高平均功率激光应用下出现的损伤现象以及性能退化进行了综述,最后对液晶相位调控器件激光耐受力提升方法做了总结和归纳。     

5个不同波长的激光及其线偏振激光辐照人正常膀胱组织光学特性

采用双积分球系统和光辐射测量技术的基本原理以及运用生物组织的光学模型,研究了476.5, 488, 496.5, 514.5和532 nm激光及其线偏振激光辐照人正常膀胱组织的光学特性。结果表明：组织对激光及线偏振激光的总衰减系数和散射系数均随着波长的增大而减小,而且线偏振激光与非线偏振激光入射是有明显的差异。吸收系数是随着波长的增大而缓慢地减小,但有一些起伏,而与是否线偏振光入射无明显差异。平均散射余弦也是随着波长的增大而减小,而且线偏振激光与非线偏振激光入射是有明显的差异。光学穿透深度则是随着波长的增大而增大,而有一些起伏。折射率在这5个波长范围内的值在(1.37～1.44)之间。Kubelka-Munk二流模型下组织对同一波长的激光及其线偏振激光的吸收系数、散射系数、总衰减系数和有效衰减系数没有显著性差异(P＞0.05)。组织对不同波长的激光或其线偏振激光的吸收系数、散射系数、总衰减系数和有效衰减系数则有些是有明显的差异。     

Effects of laser intenstiy on the emission direction of fast electrons in laser-solid interactions

The dependence of emission direction of fast electrons on the laser intensity has been investigated. The experimental results show that, at nonrelativistic laser intensities, the emission of fast electrons is mainly in the polarization plane. With the increase of the laser intensity, fast electrons emit towards the laser propagation direction from laser polarization direction. At relativistic laser intensities, fast electrons move away from the laser polarization plane, closely to the reflection direction of the incident laser beam.     

Evaluation of probe lasers employed in optical diagnostics for phase transformation of thin films during excimer laser crystallization

The stability and reliability of probe laser is an important factor affecting the inspection of the phase transformation process of Si thin films during excimer laser crystallization using in-situ time-resolved optical measurements. The changes in 2D intensity profile, peak power density, and beam wander of the commonly used helium–neon (He–Ne) and diode laser are investigated experimentally. It is found that the peak power density of He–Ne laser is higher than that of diode laser, while the total power of He–Ne laser is lower than that of diode laser. Although the instability in the peak power density of He–Ne laser will increase with increasing the operation time, the beam stability of He–Ne laser is better than that of diode laser. For long-time operation (>24 h) of optical measurements, the diode laser is a good candidate of probe laser. Conversely, the diode laser is suitable for the short-time operation (<24 h) of optical measurements because the beam-wander is higher than that of He–Ne laser.     

激光在汽车工业中的发展现状与应用

介绍了近年来激光技术在汽车工业中的几项重要应用，详述了激光在诸如激光焊接、激光打标、激光热处理和激光切割等有关汽车工业技术中的应用状况，同时对汽车工业中所用激光类型进行了归类。最后综述了半导体激光器泵浦全固态激光器以及短脉冲和超短脉冲激光的应用前景。     

稳定耦合效率的沟槽结构半导体激光器

为了稳定半导体激光器激射光束在光纤传输过程的耦合效率,提出一种沟槽结构的半导体激光器,并对该结构激光器的光束、耦合效率及P-I特性进行研究。在普通条形半导体激光器的脊形区刻蚀了周期性的沟槽结构,来改善半导体激光器有源区的增益分布。通过对比普通结构与沟槽结构半导体激光器的光束分析,测试其耦合效率以及P-I特性。结果表明:沟槽结构的半导体激光器能够使光腔内模式更加稳定,输出光束更加集中,并避免了"Kink"效应的发生;与此同时,耦合效率提高至97.7%,并且较普通结构激光器更为稳定。沟槽结构半导体激光器有效地解决了光斑跳动问题,稳定了激光器的耦和效率。     

激光无铅钎焊速度的影响因素(英文)

为了提高激光无铅钎焊的速度,对影响激光无铅钎焊速度的因素(如激光的参数、所用钎料和基体的特性、钎焊的系统结构等)进行了分析研究。研究认为,在激光器、钎料及基体等已定的情况下,相对于那些受到机械惯性制约的移动激光加工头或移动工作台的激光钎焊系统,一种配备了振镜扫描系统和f-theta聚焦透镜的激光钎焊系统具有更高的钎焊速度。另外,对激光钎焊过程中激光束的扫描路径进行了优化,这种优化能在不增加硬件成本的基础上大大缩短总扫描路程,较大程度地提高激光钎焊速度。最后通过实例对激光钎焊的快速性进行了验证。     

激光光斑形状和尺寸对扫描显示中散斑对比度的影响

计算了圆形、矩形激光光斑对于激光扫描显示系统中散斑对比度的影响.对于圆形光斑,当光斑尺寸大于散射表面相关长度时,得到的散斑对比度随着光斑尺寸变小而下降;当光斑尺寸接近表面相关长度大小时,由于光斑中包含的散射颗粒变少,得到的是非高斯散斑,散斑的对比度反而会变大;随着激光斑进一步变小,由于镜面反射效果散斑的对比度会很快下降.对圆形光斑部分结果给出了实验验证.为了保证光斑中有足够的散射颗粒,只在一个方向压窄光斑,分别计算了平行于扫描方向和垂直于扫描方向压窄光斑得到的散斑对比度.平行于扫描方向压窄光斑,散斑的时间相关性会下降,平均效果变明显,散斑的对比度变小;垂直于扫描方向压窄,散斑对比度变化不大.     

连续波光阴极注入器的驱动激光器研究

 在连续波光阴极注入器的研究中,驱动激光器是一个关键技术,采用连续锁模振荡器的锁模输出作为种子源,用二极管连续泵浦放大,再连续倍频,可以产生符合注入器要求的激光脉冲列作为驱动激光。     

连续端泵浦激光晶体长度的确定

利用光子能流理论,得到了确定激光晶体最佳长度的方法.实验表明:晶体最佳长度不仅与晶体本身的参量有关;而且还与谐振腔输出镜的反射率有关.     

Effects of laser intensity on the emission direction of fast electrons in laser-solid interactions

The dependence of emission direction of fast electrons on the laser intensity has been investigated. The experimental results show that, at nonrelativistic laser intensities, the emission of fast electrons is mainly in the polarization plane. With the increase of the laser intensity, fast electrons emit towards the laser propagation direction from laser polarization direction. At relativistic laser intensities, fast electrons move away from the laser polarization plane, closely to the reflection direction of the incident laser beam.