聚合物基纳米复合材料结构设计与电磁屏蔽性能研究

聚合物纳米复合材料以其质量轻、易加工成型、耐化学腐蚀等优秀特性成为电磁屏蔽材料的研究热点.复合材料的导电性是影响电磁屏蔽性能的关键因素,而聚合物基体中导电网络结构则决定了材料内部的电子传输效率,从而在很大程度上决定材料导电性能.合理的结构设计可以解决纳米填料在基体中易团聚、难分散的问题,实现低渗滤阈值、高导电性能/电磁屏蔽与多功能化的统一.我们围绕聚合物纳米复合材料的关键科学问题展开研究,取得一些创新性研究成果:(1)通过填料/基体界面调控,实现复合材料连续导电网络的构筑,制备系列低渗滤阈值聚合物导电复合材料;(2)发展三维导电结构预先构筑新方法,制备出高效导电网络,实现电磁屏蔽复合材料结构功能一体化设计与制备;(3)提出构建多界面结构策略,实现聚合物电磁屏蔽复合材料的轻量化设计.本专论针对我们研究成果进行总结,并对高性能电磁屏蔽纳米复合材料的发展前景进行展望.     

微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料的研究进展

概述了用超临界流体作为物理发泡剂对聚合物基导电复合材料进行微孔发泡的基本原理,总结了聚合物基导电复合材料及其微发泡复合材料的几种导电机理,简要介绍了近年来微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料电学性能的研究现状。并从微发泡聚合物基导电复合材料的基体特性、所使用的导电填料类型、导电填料的含量、填料在基体中的分散方法及微发泡复合材料的泡孔形态等几个方面,分析了影响微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料电学性能的主要因素,并展望了新型微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料的研究和发展趋势。     

聚合物/石墨纳米复合材料研究进展

综述聚合物 /石墨纳米复合材料近年来的研究情况 ,介绍通过各种不同的途径制备聚合物 /石墨纳米复合材料的过程与原理 ,总结其导电性能 ,机械性能以及影响性能的因素 ,并对其发展做了展望。     

一种提高有机硅导电橡胶复合材料导电和电磁屏蔽性能的方法

描述了一种利用多元复合导电网络提高有机硅橡胶复合材料导电和电磁屏蔽性能的思想。这种含有多元复合导电网络的复合材料是通过将镀银泡沫、导电填料和有机硅橡胶复合在一起而制备的。利用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的微观结构,采用电阻测试仪、矢量网络分析仪、热失重分析仪分别研究了复合材料的导电性、电磁屏蔽性能及热稳定性,并探讨了补强剂SiO2对这些性能的影响。结果表明,2%碳纳米管/导电泡沫/硅橡胶多元复合体系相比于2%碳纳米管/硅橡胶单一复合体系电阻率降低了6个数量级,平均电磁屏蔽效能由12dB提高到52dB,增大了4倍。当导电填料换为炭黑后,2%炭黑/导电泡沫/硅橡胶多元复合体系相比于2%炭黑/硅橡胶单一复合体系电阻率降低了7个数量级,平均电磁屏蔽效能由10dB提高到50dB,增大了5倍。由于多元复合导电网络,材料的导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能大幅度提升。此外,补强剂的加入增大了复合材料的热稳定性,但降低了其导电和电磁屏蔽性能。     

石墨烯/橡胶纳米复合材料研究进展

石墨烯结合了碳纳米管导电和黏土片层的结构特征,为发展高性能、多功能聚合物纳米复合材料提供了新的方向.石墨烯/橡胶纳米复合材料近年来引起广泛关注.众多研究结果表明石墨烯是橡胶的理想填料之一,为高性能橡胶改性提供了新途径.本文介绍了石墨烯/橡胶纳米复合材料的3种主要制备方法,即乳液共混法、溶液共混法和机械混炼法,以及材料的物理机械性能、电学性能、气体阻隔性能和热学性能,并分析了该类材料的发展前景和存在问题.     

聚吡咯及其复合热电材料研究进展

聚吡咯(PPy)以其环境稳定性好、低毒、可调的导电性等优点,在热电材料研究方面日益受到人们的关注。采用纳米结构导电聚合物或将有机导电聚合物材料与高导电性的碳纳米粒子进行复合制备聚合物/碳纳米粒子复合材料,可以有效地改善其热电性能。本文结合该领域近年来的研究进展,重点讨论了PPy及其复合热电材料的研究结果,对一维纳米结构PPy的制备也进行了论述。     

NiCF/ABS复合材料的制备及电磁屏蔽效能研究

探讨了碳纤维(CF)表面镍金属的化学镀工艺,制备了镀镍碳纤维(NiCF),采用密炼工艺制备了ABS基体复合材料,研究了CF和NiCF含量对复合材料的导电性能及电磁屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明:采用化学镀的方法在碳纤维表面镀覆了金属镍,所形成的镀层均匀致密;镀覆时间为5min时,镀镍后的碳纤维电阻率降低两个数量级;复合材料电阻率随CF、NiCF含量的增加而逐渐减小;复合材料电磁屏蔽效能随CF、NiCF含量的增加而逐渐增加,当NiCF含量为25%(wt)(约13.3vol%)时,电磁屏蔽效能最高可达51dB。     

聚合物及其碳纳米粒子复合体系微孔发泡与电磁屏蔽研究进展

结合作者课题组的工作,对近年来基于超临界CO_2的聚合物微孔发泡以及聚合物/碳纳米粒子复合体系的微孔发泡与电磁屏蔽进行了综述。首先对单一聚合物、多元聚合物和热固性聚合物的微孔发泡、泡孔结构和泡沫性能进行归纳总结,指出通过共混、共聚、结晶、交联网络与发泡工艺的调控可以获得泡孔尺寸更小、泡孔密度更高的聚合物微孔泡沫。随后,对热塑性聚合物/碳纳米粒子复合体系、热固性聚合物/碳纳米粒子复合体系的微孔发泡进行了综述,着重介绍了碳纳米粒子与泡孔结构之间的相互作用,指出借助于微孔发泡过程可以诱导碳纳米粒子在泡壁中富集、聚并、相互连接形成导电通道,从而制备出具有优异导电性和电磁屏蔽效应的轻质聚合物微孔材料。最后,对聚合物微孔材料以及聚合物微孔复合材料的未来发展提出了一些自己的看法。     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料

本文简要介绍了碳纳米管的纯化和表面改性方法,着重对碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的制备方法、微观结构表征及其力学、电学、光学等性能的研究进行了综述;简述了此类复合材料在电学、电磁屏蔽材料及吸波隐身材料、纤维材料以及航天工业等领域的应用,探讨了该研究领域所面临的一些问题及今后的发展方向。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/石墨薄片纳米复合及其导电性能研究

在聚合物绝缘材料基体中添加入足够数量的导电填料 ,聚合物便具有导电性或半导体性能 .石墨材料 ,由于资源丰富、价廉、性质稳定 ,被广泛用作导电聚合物复合材料的填料 .一般 ,填料含量越高 ,复合材料的导电性能越好 ,但是材料的力学性能也随之劣化 ,特别是材料脆性增加 .将石墨加工成纳米级粒子 ,再与聚合物纳米复合 ,有望用较少的石墨填充量使复合材料具有良好的电传导性能 ,从而保持材料的力学性能 .最近报道的利用膨胀石墨与聚合物实现纳米复合的研究引起了人们的兴趣 ,如所报道的尼龙 6 膨胀石墨[1] 、PS PMMA 膨胀石墨[2 ] 、PP …     

Ab-initio study of electronic,optical, thermal,and transport properties of Cr4AlB6

Theoretical investigation of different physical parameters of Cr₄AlB₆ have been done within the framework of density functional theory. Cr₄AlB₆ is a no band gap material. Its Cr-3d states contributes the most at the Fermi level. Thermal properties are investigated using quasi-harmonic Debye model as implemented in Gibbs code for different values of pressure and temperature. Study of transport property suggests that its electrical conductivity increases nonlinearly with increase in temperature but the relative change in its value is very low whereas its thermal conductivity increases linearly with the increase in temperature and relative increase in thermal conductivity is very high. The behavior of Cr₄AlB₆ is anisotropic and property is ceramic. It has potential applications in making ceramic capacitors. Its reflectivity is high in low energy region. It suggests that material can be used as coating material for far-infrared radiation. Study of the transport property suggests that because of very high value of thermal conductivity, it can be used for heat sink applications.     

Thermal,structural and electrical properties

The chloro compound of 3-hydroxy-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid with nickel(II) has been prepared in ethanolic solution from which a solid compound was isolated. Spectral and magnetic measurements show that the nickel ions are in an octahedral environment. Thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and electrical conductivity data are reported for 3-hydroxy-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid and its nickel complex. The conductivity measurements indicate that electron/hole traps are emptied during heating of the complex but repopulation occurs in about 24 h at room temperature.     

Reliability of flexible electrically conductive adhesives

Based on our previous work about electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs), a flexibilizer named 1,3‐propanediol bis (4‐aminobenzoate) was used to fabricate flexible ECAs (FECAs). ECAs, FECAs, and electronic devices connected by them were carried out the hot and humid aging test under constant humidity level of 85% relative humidity at 85 °C for 600 h. After aging, the bulk resistance change of ECAs was about 26%, that of FECAs was a little higher, about 29%. The contact resistance change of devices connected by ECAs and FECAs was very great, about 450% and 410%, respectively. The bonding area at connection interface between colloids and devices had delamination, even cracks. The delamination of ECAs was calculated about 60%, the average shear strength of ECAs was reduced about 45%, and those of FECAs were about 50% and 30%, respectively, so FECAs had a higher bonding stability in hot and humid environment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assimilation of manganese metal ion doped hydroxyapatite by Co-Precipitation technique

Calcium phosphate mineral [HAp] is a vital ingredient in orthopaedics, dental and hard tissue applications in mammals. Since it can absorb a large number of impurities, the doped HAp has the potential for biomedical applications using its physical and structural properties. In this research, the Mn-doped HAp in which x calcium atoms are replaced by Mn (Ca_10-x Mn_x (PO₄)₆(OH)₂ where x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mol) is obtained by the co-precipitation method. The physical properties of Mn-doped HAp, such as average crystallite size and degree of crystalline, are determined through XRD studies. The peaks corresponding to the functional groups PO4^3?, CO, and OH of the samples are identified by FTIR studies. The impedance spectroscopy method helps in the investigation of electrical conductivity, and dielectric loss in the impedance spectra for various doping concentrations. The average molar ratio of HApMn is determined with the help of EDX. It was found that there is a decrease in the degrees of crystallization with the doping element concentration (Mn) in all the samples. The diffraction (hkl) indices are confirmed from the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) rings, and the morphological study of the samples using TEM confirms the shape as a rod-like structure. To conclude, the variation in the characteristics of HAp relies on the doping concentration of Mn.     

Typical superparamagnetism with improved electrical properties of nano modified bismuth ferrite multiferroic composites

Multiferroic composites with the chemical formula, (0.5) BiFeO₃ + (0.5) Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄, in bulk and nano forms were synthesized by preparing bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃ or BFO) in bulk (B) and nano (N) forms and nickel zinc ferrite (Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄or NZFO) in nano form. Single phase BFO was synthesized using conventional solid-state reaction as well as sol-gel autocombustion methods and NZFO powders were prepared by using sol-gel autocombustion method, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies reveal the existence of rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure for BFO and cubic spinel phase for NZFO in single phase as well as composite samples. Microstructural studies and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data reveal the formation of grains, intergranular porosities and chemical purity of the synthesized samples. Dielectric and AC conductivity measurements confirm the existence of space charge polarization along with the small polaron model in these composites. Ferroelectric and magnetic studies show that there was a considerable enhancement in the ferroelectric and magnetic orders for the nano form of the BFO (N) + NZFO composite. The observed remnant polarization values 2.80388 & 7.75901 μC/cm², saturation magnetization values 37.96072 & 40.47491emu/gm for bulk BFO (B) + NZFO and nano BFO (N) + NZFO composites, respectively. Interestingly, both the samples exhibit superparamagnetic behaviour at room temperature with coercivities close to zero. This typical behaviour is attributed to the corresponding anisotropic contributions originated from the individual constituents. The observed variations in BFO (N) + NZFO sample attributed to the corresponding structural modifications brought about by the variations due to its size effect in the present work.     

Tetrametallic macrocyclic frameworks constructed from ferrocenedicarboxylato and 2,2-bipyridine: synthesis, molecular structures and characteristics

Four novel tetranuclear macrocyclic compounds [Cd₂(η²-O₂CFcCO₂)₂(2,2^′-bpy)₂(H₂O)₂] · 2H₂O (1), [Zn₂(η²-O₂CFcCO₂)₂(2,2^′-bpy)₂(H₂O)₂] · CH₃OH · H₂O (2), [Co₂(O₂CFcCO₂)₂(2,2^′-bpy)₂(μ₂-OH₂)₂] · CH₃OH · 2H₂O (3), and [Ni₂(O₂CFcCO₂)₂(2,2^′-bpy)₂(μ₂-OH₂)₂] · CH₃OH · 2H₂O (Fc=(η⁵-C₅H₄)Fe(η⁵-C₅H₄) (4) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal diffraction. The magnetic behaviors for compounds (3) and (4) are studied in the temperature range of 5.0-300 K. The results show that the antiferromagnetic coupling of Co^II-Co^II pairs occurs in (3), and unusual global ferromagnetic coupling between nickel (II) ions exists in (4). The solution-state differential pulse voltammetries of compounds (1)-(4) all show two peaks with large separations (ΔE) that indicate strong interactions between two ferrocene moieties. Their fluorescent and thermal properties were also investigated.