单纤维细丝微力学性能实验研究

使用数字标记点识别方法分别对T300碳纤维和Kevlar29芳纶纤维单丝进行了拉伸实验测试,给出了单纤维细丝的拉伸性能参数。其中T300碳纤维单丝的直径在 7μm左右,比Kev lar29芳纶纤维的直径 (约 12μm左右 )要小;T300碳纤维的拉伸模量为 230GPa左右,远大于Kevlar29芳纶纤维的拉伸模量(约 80GPa);它们的拉伸强度相当,都在 2. 5GPa左右;而T300碳纤维的断裂伸长率在 1. 0%左右,小于Kevlar29芳纶纤维的 3. 0%。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对纤维单丝断裂前后的结构进行了观察,这些不同的微观结构决定了纤维单丝拉伸性能的差异。     

Centralised Versus Decentralised Active Control of Boundary Layer Instabilities

We use linear control theory to construct an output feedback controller for the attenuation of small-amplitude three-dimensional Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) wavepackets in a flat-plate boundary layer. A three-dimensional viscous, incompressible flow developing on a zero-pressure gradient boundary layer in a low Reynolds number environment is analyzed using direct numerical simulations. In this configuration, we distribute evenly in the spanwise direction up to 72 localised objects near the wall (18 disturbances sources, 18 actuators, 18 estimation sensors and 18 objective sensors). In a fully three-dimensional configuration, the interconnection between inputs and outputs becomes quickly unfeasible when the number of actuators and sensors increases in the spanwise direction. The objective of this work is to understand how an efficient controller may be designed by connecting only a subset of the actuators to sensors, thereby reducing the complexity of the controller, without comprising the efficiency. If n and m are the number of sensor-actuator pairs for the whole system and for a single control unit, respectively, then in a decentralised strategy, the number of interconnections deceases mn compared to a centralized strategy, which has n ² interconnections. We find that using a semi-decentralized approach – where small control units consisting of 3 estimation sensors connected to 3 actuators are replicated 6 times along the spanwise direction – results only in a 11 % reduction of control performance. We explain how “wide” in the spanwise direction a control unit should be for a satisfactory control performance. Moreover, the control unit should be designed to account for the perturbations that are coming from the lateral sides (crosstalk) of the estimation sensors. We have also found that the influence of crosstalk is not as essential as the spreading effect.     

高温环境下纤维复合材料蠕变损伤的细观机理研究

首先利用复合材料纤维断裂单胞模型，编制蠕变损伤子程序，对单胞模型进行蠕变损伤分析。分析了纤维／基体弹性模量比对蠕变变形、蠕变损伤以及应力场的影响。从计算结果发现，蠕变损伤首先在纤维断裂尖端起始，然后沿着一定的角度向基体外围延伸，直至完全损伤，而且纤维／基体模量比对高温环境下的复合材料蠕变损伤产生很大的影响；纤维与基体的模量相差越大，复合材料越容易变形，抵抗蠕变变形的能力就越小，蠕变损伤越严重。经过对不同韧性的基体材料进行研究，发现基体韧性低的复合材料蠕变损伤明显高于高韧性基体复合材料，表明低韧性基体复合材料抵抗蠕变破坏的能力较低。     

倾斜内锁型三维机织陶瓷基复合材料的细观力学模型

利用平均化方法提出了倾斜内锁型三维机织陶瓷基复合材料弹性性能分析的三维细观力学模型,对材料的弹性性能进行了预测。这个力学模型考虑了倾斜内锁型三维机织陶瓷基复合材料经向纤维束的弯曲和纬向纤维束的平直,纤维束的横截面形状尺寸和相邻纤维束之间的孔洞以及材料制造过程中碳纤维性能下降对弹性性能的影响。基于层合板理论,提出两种单胞应变状态假设分别对材料的九个弹性常数进行了推导计算,结果表明两种方法理论的预测值非常接近。计算结果与实验值比较吻合,表明所提出的细观力学模型是合理的,可以为纺织陶瓷基复合材料的优化设计提供有价值的参考。     

单层纤维复合材料的光弹模型初探

本文总结了用显微激光分析仪对一般纤维增强复合材料进行透射式光弹性研究的近期工作.针对纤维复合材料违反传统光弹理论的偏振光学行为,讨论了纤维,基体的双折射率不同及由纤维,基体界面两侧出射的光在Airy斑重叠区发生干涉等问题,从更一般的角度探讨了最近的文章中所提出的新光弹公式中所含两个滞后量的存在性.     

Numerical Approaches to Optimal Control of a Model Equation for Shear Flow Instabilities

We investigate two different discretization approaches of a model optimal-control problem, chosen to be relevant for control of instabilities in shear flows. In the first method, a fully discrete approach has been used, together with a finite-element spatial discretization, to obtain the objective function gradient in terms of a discretely-derived adjoint equation. In the second method, Chebyshev collocation is used for spatial discretization, and the gradient is approximated by discretizing the continuously-derived adjoint equation. The discrete approach always results in a faster convergence of the conjugate-gradient optimization algorithm. Due to the shear in the convective velocity, a low diffusivity in the problem complicates the structure of the computed optimal control, resulting in particularly noticeable differences in convergence rate between the methods. When the diffusivity is higher, the control becomes less complicated, and the difference in convergence rate reduces. The use of approximate gradients results in a higher sensitivity to the degrees of freedom in time. When the system contains a strong instability, it only takes a few iteration to obtain an effective control for both methods,even if there are differences in the formal convergence rate. This indicates that it is possible to use the approximative gradients of the objective function in cases where the control problem mainly consists of controlling strong instabilities. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

纤维增强复合材料界面强度的细观测试方法

本文对纤维增强复合材料界面强度细观试验方法的发展及现状进行了评述，分析了各种试验方法的优点和不足。着重对纤维压入试验方法从试验的装置，试件的制备，试验的过程以及试验的理论分析方法等各方面进行了详细介绍。应用纤维压入试验测试了碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面强度     

竹纤维增强制动摩阻材料摩擦学性能研究

采用竹纤维为增强相制备新型无石棉树脂基复合摩擦材料.通过热失重分析、定速摩擦试验及磨损表面形貌观察等手段探讨竹纤维的含量对材料在不同温度下摩擦学性能的影响.试验结果表明:在树脂基摩阻材料中加入适量竹纤维能改善材料摩擦磨损性能,并具有一定的减震降噪的效果,但在超过其热解温度时会造成竹纤维的碳化、挥发,对基体增强失效;竹纤维质量百分数为13%时试样能获得较稳定的摩擦系数及较低的磨损率;竹纤维含量过多会造成摩阻材料制备工艺性变差,且高温下大量竹纤维碳化剥落会破坏摩擦表面膜的连续性,使摩阻性能显著下降.     

炭纤维增强人工关节软骨材料——超高分子量聚乙烯的摩擦学特性

用炭纤维对超高分子量聚乙烯进行填充改性,测试了炭纤维填充量对其硬度及摩擦学性能的影响,用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了填充复合材料磨损表面形貌.结果表明:随着炭纤维含量增加,复合材料的硬度上升,耐磨性增强;炭纤维可大幅度降低超高分子量聚乙烯在蒸馏水润滑条件下的摩擦系数;超高分子量聚乙烯在干摩擦下的磨损主要表现为粘着、犁沟及塑性变形,而炭纤维填充复合材料的磨损表现为炭纤维的剥离.     

Thermal Residual Stresses in Graded Ceramic Composites: A Microscopic Computational Model Versus Homogenized Models

Thermal residual stresses in ceramic composite laminates are analyzed through both a micromechanical computational model and two macroscopic homogenized models. The microscopic model is based on a purposely developed hybrid finite element able to account for the shape of the Alumina and Zirconia grains. Two different macroscopic models have been used as reference solutions for comparison: a standard displacement-based three-dimensional finite element model and an analytical model. Stress concentration factors, accounting for the microscopic material heterogeneities, have been estimated by means of the Eshelby tensor and applied to the average stress field obtained through the homogenized models.     

纤维增强聚合物复合材料的摩擦学研究进展

综述了纤维增强聚合物复合材料（ＦＲＰＣ）的研究和发展,主要分析了纤维的最佳含量,纤维方向,纤维混杂以及纤维的表面处理对增强复合材料摩擦学性能的影响及作用机理,讨论了偶件及表面形貌,温度,ｐｖ值和环境因素对其摩擦学性能的影响,简述了国外聚合物复合材料磨损机理的研究现状;并提出了今后研究ＦＲＰＣ应重视的问题。     

Quadratically Nonlinear Cylindrical Hyperelastic Waves: Primary Analysis of Evolution

The propagation and interaction of hyperelastic cylindrical waves are studied. Nonlinearity is introduced by means of the Murnaghan potential and corresponds to the quadratic nonlinearity of all basic relationships. To analyze wave propagation, an asymptotic representation of the Hankel function of the first order and first kind is used. The second-order analytical solution of the nonlinear wave equation is similar to that for a plane longitudinal wave and is the sum of the first and second harmonics, with the difference that the amplitudes of cylindrical harmonics decrease with the distance traveled by the wave. A primary computer analysis of the distortion of the initial wave profile is carried out for six classical hyperelastic materials. The transformation of the first harmonic of a cylindrical wave into the second one is demonstrated numerically. Three ways of allowing for nonlinearities are compared __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 7, pp. 73–82, July 2005.     

玻璃纤维增强MC尼龙复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

通过碱催化阴离子聚合反应制备玻璃纤维增强单体浇铸尼龙复合材料(GFMCPA),在MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机上研究了在干摩擦和水润滑条件下,不同玻璃纤维含量对尼龙复合材料摩擦磨损特性的影响,并借助扫描电子显微镜观察其磨损表面形貌.结果表明:玻璃纤维含量对尼龙复合材料的摩擦性能具有显著影响;玻璃纤维质量分数达到30%后复合材料具有较好的耐磨性;在水润滑条件下,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损量较干摩擦时大幅度降低;玻璃纤维含量低的尼龙复合材料的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损;玻璃纤维含量高的尼龙复合材料的粘着磨损减少,磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损.     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Swirl Induced Self-Excited Instabilities at the Vicinity of an Airblast Nozzle

We report on the experimental and numerical investigation of swirl induced self-excited instabilities in the form of precessing helical structures at the vicinity of an Airblast Atomiser. Within the scope of this work, the increase of the knowledge of the fundamental factors governing the precessing vortex core phenomenon (PVC) (Gupta et al. 1984) by applying dual air-flow Airblast nozzles is aimed. This study concentrates on the experimental investigation of the impact of important parameters of a combustor system on the performance characteristics of this instability. In particular, in terms of this work the properties of the PVC are determined by applying two different Airblast Atomisers, one of them producing an attached swirl flame, and another producing a lifted swirl flame. Measurements are also performed for a confined and a non confined flame, aiming to determine the impact of the confining duct on the performance of the PVC. In order to gain some further knowledge, regarding the impact of this aerodynamic instability on combustion of gaseous fuel, the features of PVC are experimentally identified under reacting conditions, by employing a laser light sheet (LLS) measurement technique. By applying the LLS measurement technique, further investigation on the nature of the PVC is also attempted. The power spectral density (PSD) function of the flow field was determined on the basis of raw data provided by 3D Laser Doppler Anemometry (3D-LDA). In order to validate the measurement technique as well as the nature of the instability, the planar Mie-Scattering of the flow was evaluated by employing a high speed camera performing at 12 kHz. The precessing character of the flow was also confirmed by means of a numerical simulation using the 3D Reynolds Stress Model (3D-RSM). The results of the numerical investigation provided some useful information concerning the onset of the instability within the primary swirler as well as its size and amplitude. According to this analysis, a high frequency instability was confirmed within a region of about one burner diameter downstream of the burner exit. Finally an evaluation of the (LDA) method in terms of providing accurate (PSD) was performed for the case of a swirl flow field.     

边坡预应力锚杆蠕变的数值分析

运用非线性蠕变分析理论模型,采用MSC.MARC软件重点研究了锚杆的应力指数、蠕变系数和几何参数的变化对于锚杆应力松弛的影响.通过对预应力锚杆支护的边坡进行数值分析,探讨了锚杆的蠕变规律以及锚杆预应力松弛现象.锚杆的参数取不同数值时,比较数值模拟结果发现:锚杆的轴力和剪力主要分布在锚固段的前端;随着锚杆应力指数及蠕变系数的增加,蠕变应变增大,应力松弛加快.     

混杂短纤维增强复合材料弹性模量预测

在现代工程结构中,纤维增强复合材料具有较高的刚度重量比、优异的耐久性和设计灵活性等优点,因此得到了广泛应用．本文结合细观力学中的Mori-Tanaka方法和Halpin-Tsai方法推导了混杂碳纤维和玻璃纤维增强复合材料有效弹性模量的解析表达式．通过引入参数λ,提出了计算随机方向混合纤维增强复合材料弹性模量的新模型,分析了纤维长径比和体积分数对复合材料弹性模量的影响．结果表明,复合材料的弹性性能对纤维长径比和体积分数非常敏感．根据提出的理论,混杂纤维增强复合材料的弹性模量处于单一纤维（纯碳纤维或纯玻璃纤维）增强复合材料弹性模量之间．对于单一纤维增强复合材料,采用Halpin-Tsai方法计算的复合材料弹性模量高于Mori-Tanaka方法计算结果．     

纤维增强橡胶复合材料拉伸与破坏的试验分析

鉴于橡胶制品的广泛应用,本文利用Zwick020材料试验机和Zwick010双向拉伸材料试验机分析了一类纤维增强橡胶复合材料在不同温度条件下的单向拉伸及双向拉伸的力学行为.得到了不同温度条件下材料单向拉伸及双向拉伸的应力-应变关系曲线和材料的破坏条件,由此分析了温度条件和加载条件对纤维增强橡胶复合材料拉伸变形和破坏等力学性能的影响.同时利用实验结果拟合出材料的一类应变能函数及材料常数.