日环食激发大气声重力波的研究

利用1987年9月23日日环食期间在中国多个测站获得的地面微压波、无线电探空及太阳辐射资料研究了日食激发声重力波的波源机制、波谱特征、地区差异,并与同时进行的电离层探测结果进行了比较。结果表明此次日环食过程中肯定有重力波发生,其周期与太阳直接辐射起伏经历的时间有明显的一致性。不同地方的日食重力波都来自太阳直接辐射变化直接产生的强迫振荡和各地大气层内的浮力振荡。前者的波动周期较长,振幅较大,直接与日食期间太阳辐射的起伏有关;后者的波动周期较短,振幅较小,与各地日食时局地大气层内的稳定度及湿度条件有关。研究中发现由日食引起的太阳直接辐射有两种与重力波激发有关的起伏过程,一种是初亏-复圆阶段的振荡,其周期与各地日食开始时间有关;一种是复圆后的振荡,其周期与各地食分值有关。这两种起伏周期与日食参数的相关系数都在0.99以上。本文在分析日食的太阳辐射和局地大气效应的基础上,提出了相应的声重力波发生的物理机制,并讨论了日食声重力波与同时发生的电离层振荡的关系。针对70年代以来国内外一直未能解决的日食是否激发大气声重力波的问题,本文得到一个简单而重要的结论:早上发生日食的地方有长周期宽频谱的大气声重力波产生,下午发生日食的地方则没有这种波出现。     

1987年9月23日日环食所产生的大气内重力波

在日食期间,月影以超声速移过地球大气而使局部大气冷却。Chimonas和Hines认为大气冷却的结果产生激波,诱发大气重力波。这时在电离层中可检测到TID而在地面上可检测到大气压力变化。虽然在电离层中这种重力波信号很弱,但仍可检测到。地面压力变化发生在日食附近地区,甚至离主食带相当远的地方也可以测到。本文报告了在中国首次直接观测日环食引起地面压力波的检测结果。1987年9月23日日环食期间,位于环食带的乌鲁木齐,太原,徐州,苏州及位于偏食带的北京和贵阳共六个次声观测站用电容式微气压计在我国首次探测到日环食产生的声重力波,其周期为10—60min,振幅为7—20Pa(峰-峰值)。动态谱分析的结果表明,各地的重力波周期都有连续的谱分布,其主周期为40min。此外,各地记录到出现时间不同而周期更长的波,对这些结果本文作了初步计论。     

Characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves observed using the MU (Middle and Upper atmosphere) radar and GPS (Global Positioning System) radio occultation

The wind velocity and temperature profiles observed in the middle atmosphere (altitude: 10–100 km) show perturbations resulting from superposition of various atmospheric waves, including atmospheric gravity waves. Atmospheric gravity waves are known to play an important role in determining the general circulation in the middle atmosphere by dynamical stresses caused by gravity wave breaking. In this paper, we summarize the characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves observed using the middle and upper atmosphere (MU) radar in Japan, as well as novel satellite data obtained from global positioning system radio occultation (GPS RO) measurements. In particular, we focus on the behavior of gravity waves in the mesosphere (50–90 km), where considerable gravity wave attenuation occurs. We also report on the global distribution of gravity wave activity in the stratosphere (10–50 km), highlighting various excitation mechanisms such as orographic effects, convection in the tropics, meteorological disturbances, the subtropical jet and the polar night jet.     

Reflection and transmission of acoustic waves on multilayered porous media

Based on the Boit theory of acoustic wave propagation in fluid-satu-rated porous medium we have studied in this paper the acoustic reflection andtransmission on multilayered porous media,in which the adequate boundaryconditions across the interfaces are taken into account.Numerical calculationsof the reflection and transmission coefficients at different incident angles andfrequencies of the fast compressional wave incident on porous media with threeor four layers are presented.The results indicate that the maximum or mini-mum reflection and transmission coefficients appear at certain ratios of thewavelength to the thickness.The acoustic incident angle and porous mediumproperties are shown to affect significantly these coefficients.As an example,the measured transmission coefficients in a water-saturated fused glass beadsample are in good agreement with theoretical prediction.     

A study of the optical transfer function for annular binary filters

The annular binary pupil filters consist of two transparent annuli obstructed by an annular mask. The optical transfer functions for them are analytically derived under paraxial approximation, and three- and two- as well as one-dimensional numerical plots are presented. It is shown that by changing the parameters of transparent regions it is possible to improve the axial resolution whilst the transverse resolution remains unchanged, compared with an annular lens. Results indicate, as is well known, that this kind of filters can be applied to three-dimensional confocal microscopy.     

Effects of abnormal excitation on the dynamics of spiral waves

The effect of physiological and pathological abnormal excitation of a myocyte on the spiral waves is investigated based on the cellular automaton model. When the excitability of the medium is high enough, the physiological abnormal excitation causes the spiral wave to meander irregularly and slowly. When the excitability of the medium is low enough,the physiological abnormal excitation leads to a new stable spiral wave. On the other hand, the pathological abnormal excitation destroys the spiral wave and results in the spatiotemporal chaos, which agrees with the clinical conclusion that the early after depolarization is the pro-arrhythmic mechanism of some anti-arrhythmic drugs. The mechanisms underlying these phenomena are analyzed.     

Hydrodynamics of compressible liquids: Influence of the piston effect on convection and internal gravity waves

The onset of stability in strongly compressible liquid with fixed volume is found by linear stability analysis. The results coincide with those at fixed pressure proving thereby that the piston effect does not influence the onset of convection. However, the dynamic phenomenon of internal gravity waves essentially depends on the piston effect.     

非晶Si1-xGex:H薄膜太阳能电池研究

The AMPS-ID program is used to investigate electrical and optical properties of the thin film solar cell of a-SiC:H/a-Si1-xGex:H/a-Si:H. The short circuit current density, open circuit voltage, fill factor and efficiency of the solar cell are investigated. The efficiency of the solar cell is 9.19% as thickness of a-Si1-xGex:H is 340 nm with Ge content x=0.1. In addition, we also discuss the factors which affect solar cell efficiency.     

A study of noise reduction by acoustic shock waves

I.IntroductionAcousticshockwavcs(ASW)isanimportantphcnomcnoninnonlinearacoustics.Experimentalrcsultshavcshownthatwhenanaircraftcngincinletopcratesneartheson-iccondition,vcrystrongnoisegcncratedbythcfanscanbcreduccdgreat1yowingtothcformationofASWatthcthroatofthcin1etll].ASWisadiscontinuityofacousticvaria-bles,whichisdifTcrcntfromthcshockwavesoccurringinhighspcedsteadyflowinducts.Theformer'sintensityismuch1cssthanthelattcr's.Furthcrmorc,thepositionandintensityofASWisalwayschangedwithtime.l…     

重力对金纳米颗粒在生物膜表面吸附影响的荧光研究

纳米颗粒在生物膜表面的吸附行为是纳米生物技术领域的重要问题. 采用正、倒置实验, 通过荧光显微镜定量研究了重力对金纳米颗粒在支撑磷脂膜表面吸附的影响. 研究发现, 颗粒尺寸决定其在顶或底层支撑膜表面吸附的差异性. 吸附量的差异与颗粒的沉淀速率和扩散速率之比的对数呈线性关系. 粒径小于14 nm时, 不考虑重力在吸附时的影响; 粒径大于176 nm时, 重力在吸附中占主导地位. 为药物载体研究和理解颗粒－生物膜相互作用提供参考.     

Reminiscences on the study of wind waves

The wind blowing over sea surface generates tiny wind waves. They develop with time and space absorbing wind energy, and become huge wind waves usually referred to ocean surface waves. The wind waves cause not only serious sea disasters but also take important roles in the local and global climate changes by affecting the fluxes of momentum, heat and gases (e.g. CO₂) through the air-sea boundary. The present paper reviews the selected studies on wind waves conducted by our group in the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM), Kyushu University. The themes discussed are interactions between water waves and winds, the energy spectrum of wind waves, nonlinear properties of wind waves, and the effects of surfactant on some air-sea interaction phenomena.     

A contrastive study on the influences of radial and three-dimensional satellite gravity gradiometry on the accuracy of the Earth's gravitational field recovery

The accuracy of the Earth’s gravitational field measured from the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer(GOCE),up to 250 degrees,influenced by the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij from the satellite gravity gradiometry(SGG) are contrastively demonstrated based on the analytical error model and numerical simulation,respectively.Firstly,the new analytical error model of the cumulative geoid height,influenced by the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij are established,respectively.In 250 degrees,the GOCE cumulative geoid height error measured by the radial gravity gradient V zz is about 2 1/2 times higher than that measured by the three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij.Secondly,the Earth’s gravitational field from GOCE completely up to 250 degrees is recovered using the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij by numerical simulation,respectively.The study results show that when the measurement error of the gravity gradient is 3×10 12 /s 2,the cumulative geoid height errors using the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij are 12.319 cm and 9.295 cm at 250 degrees,respectively.The accuracy of the cumulative geoid height using the three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij is improved by 30%-40% on average compared with that using the radial gravity gradient V zz in 250 degrees.Finally,by mutual verification of the analytical error model and numerical simulation,the orders of magnitude from the accuracies of the Earth’s gravitational field recovery make no substantial differences based on the radial and three-dimensional gravity gradients,respectively.Therefore,it is feasible to develop in advance a radial cold-atom interferometric gradiometer with a measurement accuracy of 10 13 /s 2-10 15 /s 2 for precisely producing the next-generation GOCE Follow-On Earth gravity field model with a high spatial resolution.     

交替行为对螺旋波影响的数值模拟研究

在离散可激发介质Greenberg-Hasting模型中引入交替(alternans)行为,研究了交替行为对螺旋波的影响.数值结果表明:在适当选择参数下,交替对螺旋波有很大影响,例如交替导致螺旋波的形状振荡,形成呼吸螺旋波,交替使螺旋波漫游、漂移,甚至使螺旋波漫游出系统的边界,交替使螺旋波破碎形成小螺旋波、反靶波和时空混沌等,首次在均匀介质中观察到交替导致传导障碍,使螺旋波破碎和消失,并对发生这些现象的机理进行了分析. 关键词： 离散可激发介质 螺旋波 靶波 漫游     

估算大气重力波参数的垂直扰动廓线获取新方法

重力波是大气中最基本的动力过程, 估算大气重力波参数是大气动力学理论研究的重要内容之一. 针对常用曲线拟合方法获取大气垂直扰动廓线存在的固有缺陷, 本文提出了估算大气重力波参数时垂直扰动廓线获取新方法. 基于小波变换中的影响锥曲线性质, 以影响锥曲线最大值作为区分背景场和扰动场的临界值, 利用10阶ButterWorth高通滤波器对小于临界值的信号进行滤波得到扰动场. 对实际大气过程高时空分辨率模拟纬向风和经向风垂直廓 线的Morlet小波和Fourier功率谱分析表明, 本文方法获得的扰动廓线中不再包含强背景场信息, 且不会引入虚假波信号, 克服了常用多阶曲线拟合方法的缺陷, 利用该方法可以估算出合理的大气重力波参数.     

CdTe薄膜太阳电池背接触的研究

用近空间升华法制备了CdTe多晶薄膜，用硝酸-磷酸(NP)混合液对薄膜表面进行了腐蚀.经SEM观测，腐蚀后的CdTe薄膜晶界变宽，XRD测试发现，经NP腐蚀后，在CdTe薄膜表面生成了一层高电导的富Te层.在腐蚀后的CdTe薄膜上分别制备了Cu，Cu/ZnTe：Cu，ZnTe：Cu，ZnTe/ZnTe：Cu四种背接触层，比较了它们对太阳电池性能的影响.结果表明，用ZnTe/ZnTe：Cu复合层作为背接触层的效果较好，获得了面积为0.5cm²，转换效率为13.38%的CdTe多晶薄膜太 关键词： 硝磷酸腐蚀 背接触层 CdTe太阳电池     

Radiation force of acoustical tweezers on a sphere: The case of a high-order Bessel beam of quasi-standing waves of variable half-cone angles

Using the partial-wave series for the acoustic scattering of a high-order Bessel beam (HOBB) of counterpropagating quasi-standing waves of variable half-cone angles, a generalized radiation force expression is obtained. The radiation force function, which is the radiation force per unit cross-sectional surface and unit characteristic energy density, is expressed in terms of the order m of the HOBB, the quasi-standing waves’ amplitudes Φ₀ and Φ₁, as well as the variable half-cone angles β₁ and β₂. The features of the theory include the ability to suppress two resonances as well as exploring a broad range of parameters related to the beam shape and mechanical properties of the spherical target.     

Computational study of impulsively generated standing slow acoustic waves in a solar coronal loop

We numerically investigated standing slow acoustic waves impulsively excited in a solar coronal loop by gas pressure and mass density perturbations in one-dimensional space. The corresponding computer model is described by the hydrodynamic equations that are solved numerically by means of the so-called flux limiters methods on uniformly structured mesh. We discuss the fundamental mode and the first harmonic mode which are generated in dependence on position of the initial perturbation in the numerical box. We show how the standing slow acoustic waves are generated in the corona, where they are trapped in space between two dense layers as in the resonator, and how their energy leaks from the corona to the dense layers. We found that this leakage increases with the decrease of the density jump at the transition region. We also studied the case when the perturbation is initiated at the transition region. We found that even in this case the standing wave is formed, but their energetics is influenced by the evaporation of the plasma from the transition region into the corona.     

Gravitational waves generated during inflation from a 5D vacuum theory of gravity in a de Sitter expansion

In this Letter we study the generation of gravitational waves during inflation from a 5D vacuum theory of gravity. Within this formalism, on an effective 4D de Sitter background, we recover the typical results obtained with 4D inflationary theory in general relativity, for the amplitude of gravitational waves generated during inflation. We also obtain a range of values for the amplitude of tensor to scalar ratio which is in agreement with COBE observations.     

Theoretical study on the behaviour of metal-p-n-Si Schottky barrier solar cell

The performance of Au-p-n-Si Schottky barrier solar cell has been investigated theoretically following Li’s work on GaAs. The behaviour of the barrier height as a function of carrier densities in then andp regions and thep layer thickness is investigated. The photovoltaic cell characteristics are worked out and conditions for maximum efficiency obtained. Communication No. 2376