钙钛矿型La0.8Sr0.2FeO3中的晶格氧用于甲烷选择氧化取合成气

用自燃烧法制备了钙钛矿型La0.8Sr0.2FeO3催化剂。用H2－TPR考察了催化剂表面的氧消耗过程，用程序升温表面反应（TPSR）研究了甲烷与催化剂表面氧物种的反应，用在线质谱脉冲反应和甲烷／氧切换反应研究了催化剂的晶格氧选择氧化甲烷制合成气。结果表明，催化剂上存在两种氧物种，无气相氧存在时，强氧化性氧物种首先将甲烷氧化为CO2和H2O；而后提供的氧化性较弱的晶格氧具有良好的甲烷部分氧化选择性，可将甲烷氧化为合成气CO和H2（选择性可达95％以上）。在900℃一的CH4／O2切换反应结果表明，甲烷能与La0.8Sr0.2FeO3中的晶格氧反应选择性地生成CO和H2，失去晶格氧的La0.8Sr0.2FeO3能与气相氧反应恢复其晶格氧。在合适的反应条件下，用La0.8Sr0.2FeO3催化剂的晶格氧化替分子氧按Redox模式实现甲烷选择氧化制合成气是可能的。     

La1-xSrxFeO3钙钛矿型氧化物中的晶格氧用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气

采用燃烧法制备了Sr掺杂钙钛矿型氧化物La_1-xSr_xFeO₃（x=0,0.3,0.5,0.9）载氧体,对载氧体分别进行X射线衍射、扫描电镜和H₂程序升温还原反应表征,在热重循环装置和固定床反应装置上考察甲烷与载氧体晶格氧的部分氧化反应.结果表明,La_1-xSr_xFeO₃氧化物中的晶格氧适用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气,晶格氧的得失是一个可逆过程,Sr的掺杂提高了载氧体的供氧能力,5次循环后载氧体得失晶格氧的能力没有明显的衰减.从甲烷转化率、n（H₂）/n（CO）比以及H₂和CO的选择性等方面来考虑,x=0.3-0.5比较理想,甲烷转化率维持在70%左右,气体产物中n（H₂）/n（CO）约为2,CH₄没有发生明显的裂解.     

无气相氧条件下La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9Co0.1O3钙钛矿氧化物的氧物种直接氧化甲烷

以La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3钙钛矿氧化物作氧载体,采用连续流动反应和连续顺序Redox反应考察了氧物种氧化甲烷的反应性能.结果表明,连续流动反应中La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3氧化物的氧物种能选择氧化甲烷生成合成气.在适宜的再氧化条件下,通过连续顺序Redox反应实现了La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3氧化物的氧物种氧化甲烷连续生成合成气,消耗的氧物种可通过与气相氧反应而得到补充.但随着Redox反应的进行,氧化物的持续供氧性能下降,钙钛矿结构被破坏.     

晶格氧部分氧化甲烷制合成气

用储氧材料中的晶格氧代替分子氧部分氧化甲烷制合成气,并以空气、H₂O或CO₂为氧源对失去晶格氧的储氧材料进行氧化再生,是一种通过气固反应制取合成气的新工艺。具有较高经济效益和环境效益。本文综述了外该技术在储氧材料和反应体系等方面的研究进展,并从合成气和金属联产工艺以及熔融盐储能的研究思路中得出了一些启示,对该技术今后的研究重点和应用领域进行了展望。     

铈基复合氧化物中晶格氧用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气

采用共沉淀法制备了Ce-M-O氧载体（M＝Fe、Mn、Cu）,并进行了XRD表征。研究了Ce-M-O中晶格氧部分氧化甲烷制合成气的反应。考察了再生时间、再生温度对氧载体部分氧化甲烷性能的影响。研究结果表明, Ce-Fe-O固溶体中的晶格氧适于部分氧化甲烷制合成气。在新鲜的Ce Fe O氧载体上存在少量的强氧化物种,导致开始阶段大部分甲烷被完全氧化,然后该氧载体能均匀地释放出具有高选择性的体相晶格氧将甲烷氧化为CO和H2。通过对氧载体再生条件的控制,可以有效提高目标产物的选择性,当再生温度为850℃,再生时间为7min时, 获得了最大的CO（96.68%）和H2（97.56%）选择性,同时H2与CO摩尔比达到2.02。在无气相氧存在下,用Ce-Fe-O中晶格氧实现甲烷部分氧化制合成气的方法是可行的。     

晶格氧用于甲烷氧化制合成气的研究：—氧化铁的氧化还原性能

制备了氧化铁剂,对其进行了程序升温实验（O2－TPD、空气－TPO和CH4－TPR）和不同温度下的多次CH4－空气脉冲循环反应,并对催化剂进行了XRD表征,研究结果表明,Fe2O3不仅具有较高的稳定性,还具有良好的氧化还原性能,可使CH4氧化为CO2和H2O。在750－850℃范围内,Fe2O3具有良好的提供晶格氧的能力;在900℃以上,供氧速度减慢,供氧和补氧能力明显降低,XRD测试结果表明,高于900℃时,脉冲空气不能将与脉冲CH4反应后的氧化铁氧化为Fe2O3晶格,导致了氧化铁供氧量下降。     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气的钙钛矿型致密透氧膜反应器的数值模拟(英文)

采用等温理论模型,以甲烷催化氧化制合成气为模型反应,模拟非担载钙钛矿型致密透氧膜反应器的性能。分别研究了Ｌａ_０．２Ｂａ_０．８Ｆｅ_０．８Ｃｏ_０．２Ｏ_(３－δ)、Ｌ３０．２Ｓｒ０．８Ｆｅ０．８Ｃｏ０．２Ｏ３－δ和ＳｒＦｅＣｏ０．５Ｏｘ三种透氧速率不同的膜材料、膜反应器的尺寸以及反应工艺条件对ＣＨ４转化率、ＣＯ选择性和Ｈ２／ＣＯ摩尔比的影响,对膜反应实验具有指导意义。     

用晶格氧为氧源的甲烷部分氧化制合成气

 采用热重分析技术在甲烷气氛下考察了储氧材料Fe2O3提供晶格氧的过程，用甲烷／氧切换反应和在线质谱检测方法研究了以Fe2O3晶格氧代替气相氧用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气的可能性．结果表明，Fe2O3在甲烷气氛下的还原过程包括Fe2O3→Fe3O4和Fe3O4→FeO→Fe，甲烷被氧化为CO2和H2O．在750℃下进行的CH4／O2切换反应结果表明，首先，约25％的CH4与Fe2O3中的晶格氧反应，生成CO2和H2O，然后，生成的CO2和H2O与剩余的约75％的CH4在Ni／Al2O3催化剂上进行蒸汽重整和C\r\nO2重整，从而按燃烧－重整机理实现甲烷部分氧化制合成气．选择合适的CH4／O2切换条件，可使甲烷高转化率、高选择性地生成合成气．     

化学循环重整甲烷制合成气LaBO3钙钛矿型氧载体研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同B位可变价离子的La-B-O复合氧载体(B=Cr、Ni),采用XRD、BET、FT-IR、H2-TPR及CH4-TPSR等进行了表征,并用于化学循环重整(CLR)CH4反应中.结果表明,LaNiO3氧化物更易于与CH4发生深度氧化和选择氧化,LaCrO3氧化物则利于CH4裂解,其氧物种氧化CH4的能力较弱.在连续流动CLR反应中,LaNiO3具有较高的供氧量和持续供氧能力,能将CH4选择氧化为H2/CO=1.45的合成气,其CH4转化率和CO选择性分别达到23.4%和86.9%,且其结构保持了较高的稳定性.     

Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas Using Lattice Oxygen of La1-xSrxFeO3

Catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas using the lattice oxygen of La1-xSrxFeO3 perovskite oxide catalysts in place of molecular oxygen was studied. La1-xSrxFeO3 (x＝0, 0.1, 0.2,0.5) perovskite oxides were prepared by the "auto-combustion method". XRD analysis showed that all La1-xSrxFeO3 samples have a single-phase perovskite-type oxide. The redox properties of the catalysts were investigated by temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen (H2-TPR). Reducibility of the catalysts increase with the increasing of the Sr2+ content. The oxygen species of the catalysts and their reaction with CH4 were studied by the temperature programmed surface reaction (CH4-TPSR). In the absence of gas phase oxygen, there exist two kinds of oxygen species on the catalysts. One kind of the oxygen species with strong oxidative ability is produced first, which can oxidize CH4 completely to CO2 and H2O.Then, the second oxygen species with weak oxidative ability is formed, which can oxidize CH4 partially to CO and H2 with high selectivity. The number of the oxygen species with strong oxidative ability in the CH4-TPSR tends to become zero at low x values (x≤0.1). Under suitable reaction conditions, switching alternatively the reactions of 11% O2-Ar and 11% CH4-He over a La0.sSr0.2FeO3 catalyst at 900 ℃ allows methane to be selectively converted to synthesis gas (CH4 conversion ～90%, CO selectivity ＞93%) using the lattice oxygen of the perovskite oxide catalyst in a redox mode.     

Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas Using LatticeOxygen of La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_3 Perovskite OxideCatalysts Instead of Molecular Oxygen

Catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas using the lattice oxygen of La1-xSrxFeO3 perovskite oxide catalysts in place of molecular oxygen was studied. La1-xSrxFeO3 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5) perovskite oxides were prepared by the "auto-combustion method". XRD analysis showed that all La1-xSrxFeO3 samples have a single-phase perovskite-type oxide. The redox properties of the catalysts were investigated by temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen (H2-TPR). Reducibility of the catalysts increase with the increasing of the Sr2+ content. The oxygen species of the catalysts and their reaction with CH4 were studied by the temperature programmed surface reaction (CH4-TPSR). In the absence of gas phase oxygen, there exist two kinds of oxygen species on the catalysts. One kind of the oxygen species with strong oxidative ability is produced first, which can oxidize CH4 completely to CO2 and H2O. Then, the second oxygen species with weak oxidative ability is formed, which can oxidize CH4 partially to CO and     

氧载体的氧物种直接氧化甲烷制合成气

甲烷部分氧化制合成气由于合成气中n(H2)/n(CO)接近2,可直接用于甲醇合成或烃类F-T合成等后续工业过程而在国内外受到了广泛的关注。利用氧载体的氧物种在无气相氧下直接选择氧化甲烷制合成气是天然气化工利用的新方法,本文介绍了该方法的基本原理、概念工艺和对氧载体的性能要求,对应用于该方法的铈基复合氧化物的掺杂和助剂对选择氧化甲烷性能的影响、钙钛矿氧化物氧载体的氧缺陷、氧物种迁移、结构稳定性及其氧物种氧化甲烷的性能进行了阐述和分析,提出了控制氧载体表面状态是获得高合成气选择性的关键,并对该技术今后的研究重点进行了展望。     

基于晶格氧的甲烷化学链重整制合成气

利用氧载体中的晶格氧代替分子氧进行的甲烷化学链重整制合成气,是一种新颖的甲烷制合成气技术,具有较高经济效益和环境效应。它具有省却纯氧设备、能自热、合适的氢碳比、有用的副产物以及过程易于工业化等优点,因此受到国内外研究者的普遍关注。本文介绍了化学链重整技术的基本原理及其特点;重点总结了用于甲烷化学链重整的单金属氧载体和复合金属氧载体的研究进展;同时,探讨了几种具有典型代表的甲烷化学链重整反应装置,并指出串行流化床反应器是实现化学链重整技术工业化最有效的装置;最后对化学链重整技术的拓展应用以及与其他技术交叉运用等发展趋势进行了展望。     

Comparison of LaFeO3, La0.8Sr0.2FeO3, and La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9Co0.1O3 perovskite oxides as oxygen carrier for partial oxidation of methane

Comparison of LaFeO3, La0.8Sr0.2FeO3, and La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9Co0.1O3 perovskite oxides as oxygen cartier for partial oxidation of methane in the absence of gaseous oxygen was investigated by continuous flow reaction and sequential redox reaction. Methane was oxidized to syngas with high selectivity by oxygen species of perovskite oxides in the absence of gaseous oxygen. The sequential redox reaction revealed that the structural stability and continuous oxygen supply in redox re-action decreased over La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9Co0.1O3 oxide, while LaFeO3 and Lao.sSro.2FeO3 exhibited excellent structural stability and continuous oxygen supply.     

Comparison of LaFeO3, La0.8Sr0.2FeO3, and La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9Co0.1O3 perovskite oxides as oxygen carrier for partial oxidation of methane

Comparison of LaFeO3, La0.8Sr0.2FeO3, and La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3 perovskite oxides as oxygen carrier for partial oxidation of methane in the absence of gaseous oxygen was investigated by continuous flow reaction and sequential redox reaction, Methane was oxidized to syngas with high selectivity by oxygen species of perovskite oxides in the absence of gaseous oxygen. The sequential redox reaction revealed that the structural stability and continuous oxygen supply in redox reaction decreased over La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9Co0. 1O3 oxide, while LaFeO3 and La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 exhibited excellent structural stability and continuous oxygen supply.     

Advances in the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas

The conversion and utilization of natural gas is of significant meaning to the national economy,even to the everyday life of people. However, it has not become a popular industrial process as expected due to the technical obstacles. In the past decades, much investigation into the conversion of methane,predominant component of natural gas, has been carried out. Among the possible routes of methane conversion, the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas is considered as an effective and economically feasible one. In this article, a brief review of recent studies on the mechanism of the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas together with catalyst development is wherein presented.     

Advances in the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas

The conversion and utilization of natural gas is of significant meaning to the national economy,even to the everyday life of people. However, it has not become a popular industrial process as expected due to the technical obstacles. In the past decades, much investigation into the conversion of methane,predominant component of natural gas, has been carried out. Among the possible routes of methane conversion, the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas is considered as an effective and economically feasible one. In this article, a brief review of recent studies on the mechanism of the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas together with catalyst development is wherein presented.     

CeO2 as the Oxygen Carrier for Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas in Molten Salts： Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Investigation

A new technique -- the direct partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas using lattice oxygen in molten salts medium has been introduced. Using CeO2 as the oxygen carrier, thermodynamic data were calculated in the reaction process, and the results indicated that direct partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas using lattice oxygen of cerium oxide is feasible in theory. In a stainless steel reactor, the effects of temperature and varying amounts of γ-Al2O3 supported CeO2 on cn4 conversion, H2 and CO selectivity, were investigated, respectively. The results show that 10% CeO2/γ-Al2O3 has the maximal reaction activity at a temperature of 865 ℃ and above, the H2/CO ratio in the gas that has been produced reaches 2 and the CH4 conversion, H2 and CO selectivity reached the following percentages： i.e. 61%, 89%, and 91% at 870 ℃, respectively. In addition, increase of reaction temperature is favorable for the partial oxidation of methane.