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《Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews》2013,6(1):27-32
Abstract A simple, rapid, and highly efficient method has been attempted for the three-component condensation of benzil/benzoin, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate under microwave irradiation in the presence of a catalytic amount of bio-supported cellulose sulfuric acid under solvent-free conditions to afford the 2,4,5-triarylimidazole derivatives. The catalyst is easily prepared, inexpensive, separated simply by filtration, gives excellent yield of products with shorter reaction times, and is recyclable several times. 相似文献
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Silica sulfuric acid was found to be an efficient, recoverable, reusable and environment-friendly catalyst for the fast hydrolysis
of various carboxylic acid esters in high conversions and selectivities under microwave irradiation conditions. This protocol
has the advantages of no corrosion, no environmental pollution, high reaction rate, high yield, and simple work-up procedure. 相似文献
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《Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews》2013,6(2):1-8
Benzanilide synthesis through amide bond formation was effectively carried out by palladium-doped clay catalyst using microwave irradiation under solvent-free conditions. Products were obtained with excellent yield in very short reaction time and only a small amount of the catalyst was used. The catalyst could be separated easily and recycled several times with insignificant loss in catalytic activity. No column purification was required and the products were purified by the crystallization method. The heterogeneous character of the catalyst in a ligand-free, solvent-free and base-free system supports for a practical and environmentally benign process. 相似文献
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A new mild and efficient method for the cleavage of oximes to carbonyl compounds using readily available urea nitrate in acetonitrile-water
(95:5), under microwave irradiation within 2 min, in good yields is reported 相似文献
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微波合成水杨酸异丙酯 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
研究了微波合成水杨酸异丙酯的工艺,与常规方法相对比,发现利用微波合成 水杨酸异丙酯具有反应速度快、转化率高、杂质含量小、后处理简单、无三废排放 等优点。 相似文献
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Facile construction of symmetric biaryls using (BeDABCO)2Pd2Cl6 as an efficient and highly active catalyst under microwave irradiation 下载免费PDF全文
An efficient catalytic system using (BeDABCO)2Pd2Cl6 (BeDABCO, benzyl‐1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) was developed for the homo‐coupling reaction of various aryl halides. Due to the combination of ionic homogeneous metal catalyst and microwave irradiation, symmetric biaryls were produced in excellent yields and short reaction times in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone at 120 °C. BeDABCO as an efficient ligand and also a quaternary ammonium salt had an efficient stabilizing effect on the Pd(0) species in this coupling reaction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Jianmin Wang Liang Yan Guang Qian Gaomeng Lv Guixian Li Jishuan Suo Xiaolai Wang 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》2007,91(1):111-118
The pyridine-heteropoly compounds are very active catalysts for phenol hydroxylation to dihydroxybenzenes with hydrogen peroxide
as oxidant in aqueous solutions. The conversion of phenol reaches 77.8%, and the selectivity for dihydroxybenzenes reaches
99%. 相似文献
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Zheng Li Runbo Ding Zhong Lu Shuxiu Xiao Xuelin Ma 《Journal of molecular catalysis. A, Chemical》2006,250(1-2):100-103
Silica sulfate has been proved to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for Beckmann rearrangement of a variety of oximes in acetone under microwave irradiation. This protocol has advantages of high conversion, high selectivity, short reaction time, no environmental pollution, and simple work-up procedure. 相似文献
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Biju M. Devassy G.V. Shanbhag F. Lefebvre Walter Bhringer Jack Fletcher S.B. Halligudi 《Journal of molecular catalysis. A, Chemical》2005,230(1-2):113-119
The liquid-phase alkylation of phenol with benzyl alcohol was carried out using zirconia-supported phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as catalyst. The catalysts with different PTA loadings (5–20 wt.% calcined at 750 °C) and calcination temperature (15 wt.% calcined from 650 to 850 °C) were prepared and characterized by 31P MAS NMR and FT-IR pyridine adsorption spectroscopy. The catalyst with optimum PTA loading (15%) and calcination temperature (750 °C) was prepared in different solvents. 31P MAS NMR spectra of the catalysts showed two types of phosphorous species, one is the Keggin unit and the other is the decomposition product of PTA and the relative amount of each depends on PTA loading, calcination temperature and the solvent used for the catalyst preparation. The catalysts with 15% PTA on zirconia calcined at 750 °C showed the highest Brönsted acidity. At 130 °C and phenol/benzyl alcohol molar ratio of 2 (time, 1 h), the most active catalyst, 15% PTA calcined at 750 °C gave 98% benzyl alcohol conversion with 83% benzyl phenol selectivity. 相似文献
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Efficient homogeneous catalysis of heteropoly acid and its characterization through etherifications of alcohol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jun Feng Liu Ping Gui Yi Yun Shi Qi 《Journal of molecular catalysis. A, Chemical》2001,170(1-2):109-115
A Keggin-type heteropoly acid revealed high catalytic activity for the etherification such as diethylene glycol with ethanol and cyclization of diethylene glycol in the homogeneous liquid. The catalytic activities of the heteropoly acid were much higher than those of conventional acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid and phosphorous acid at the same catalyst concentrations or the same proton concentrations. On the basis of comparative measurement of electrical conductivity, acidity, and softness of anion for the solutions of acid catalysts, the efficient acid catalysis by heteropoly acid was suggested to due to be the specific properties of the heteropoly anion, which can be characterized by very weak basicity and great softness, together with the large size of the polyhedral structure. 相似文献
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Design, synthesis and characterization of nano Fe3O4@meglumine sulfonic acid as a new solid acid catalyst for the simple and green one pot multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones was studied. New solid acid catalyst was prepared through a clean and simple protocol and characterized using FTIR, VSM, TGA, SEM, elemental analysis (CHN) and XRD techniques. Heterogenization of homogeneous catalyst as a green approach is a useful method for enhancing the efficiency of catalyst. Presented study was a new method for attachment of homogeneous highly soluble catalyst (meglumine sulfate) to the magnetite nanoparticle surfaces for preparing a heterogeneous and effective catalyst. Obtained heterogeneous and reusable solid acid catalyst has high performance in the synthesis of Biginelli compounds. The reaction was performed under microwave irradiation as a rapid and green condition. Easy work up as well as excellent yield (90–98%) of products in short reaction times (40–200 s) and reusable catalyst are the main advantages of presented procedure. Reaction products were characterized in details using physical and chemical techniques such as melting point, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FTIR. 相似文献
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Yu SY Wang LP Chen B Gu YY Li J Ding HM Shan YK 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2005,11(13):3894-3898
Keggin‐type 12‐tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) nanocrystals have been assembled inside the pores of mesoporous silica through a vacuum impregnation method by using large‐pore SBA‐15 as a nanoreactor. The product was characterized by Brunauer–Emmet–Teller particle size distribution (BET‐PSD), NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), tranmsission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and FT‐IR of adsorbed pyridine. The experimental results illustrate that the TPA nanocrystals are excellent Brønsted acid catalytic materials at room temperature. 相似文献
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M. Gopalakrishnan P. Sureshkumar V. Kanagarajan J. Thanusu 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2007,33(6):541-548
Condensation of structurally diverse aldehydes including heterocyclic aldehydes, like furfural, with various amines in the
presence of calcium oxide affording the corresponding imines in solvent-free conditions in good to excellent yields under
microwave irradiation is described. A comparative study has been done under thermal conditions. The synergy between dry media
and microwave irradiation in this reaction is evaluated by condensing less electrophilic aldehydes with poorly nucleophilic
amines. The main advantages of this environmentally friendly protocol are the use of the non-toxic and inexpensive reagent
calcium oxide and the considerable rate enhancement in comparison with a thermal reaction. 相似文献