八边形结构的双折射光子晶体光纤

提出一种新型的双折射光子晶体光纤,在正八边形的基础上改变纤芯附近的几个空气孔的直径产生双折射.利用多极法对该光纤基模的模场分布、色散、限制损耗及双折射特性进行数值分析,并且分析了一些参数对双折射的影响.计算了具有相同参数的六边形结构光子晶体光纤的色散系数、限制损耗及双折射率.研究表明,具有相同参数的八边形结构光子晶体光纤比六边形结构光子晶体光纤的双折射率明显提高,限制损耗大幅度减小,零色散波长也向短波方向移动. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 双折射 色散 限制损耗     

空气孔正方形排列的低损耗高双折射光子晶体光纤的数值模拟

提出了一种正方形排列渐增空气孔高双折射光子晶体光纤，并利用多极方法对光纤基模的模场分布、色散、双折射以及损耗特性进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明利用这种结构可以在包层空气孔层数较少的情况下实现极低的限制损耗，通过调节内层空气孔的分布可以有效地控制光纤的双折射和色散特性.本结果对高双折射光子晶体光纤的制备具有一定的指导意义. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 双折射 限制损耗 多极方法     

Improved high birefringence photonic crystal fibres with dispersion flattened and single mode operation

A kind of improved high birefringence photonic crystal fibre (PCF) is proposed in this paper. The characteristics of birefringence, dispersion and leakage loss are studied by the multipole method. Numerical results show that the improved PCF possesses the properties of a flat dispersion and single mode operation. Moreover, with the operating wavelength λ = 1.55μm, the modal birefringence increases greatly in comparison with that of the original PCF, and the leakage loss is about 10⁴ times smaller than that of the original PCF because the modification gives rise to the strong confinement of guided modes. It is expected that the improved PCF can be used as high birefringence and dispersion flattened fibres.     

Phase and group modal birefringence of an index-guiding photonic crystal fibre with helical air holes

In this paper, we propose a novel photonic crystal fibre (PCF) with high phase birefringence and very low group birefringence. It is composed of a solid silica core and a cladding with helix-pattern air holes. Using a full-vector finite-element method, we study the phase and group modal birefringence of such PCF at various air-hole sizes, pitches and wavelengths. Owing to this innovative structure of air holes, a high phase to group modal birefringence rate is obtained. Its phase modal birefringence is as large as 10⁻⁴ magnitude; however, the group modal birefringence of this PCF is at 10⁻⁷-10⁻⁶. The phase birefringence is 2 orders of magnitude larger than group birefringence over a broad wavelength span, which means that the light with different polarization and effective index has almost a same group velocity. As a result, the group modal birefringence that closely relates to the polarization modal dispersion is negligible.     

Equilateral pentagon polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibre with low nonlinearity

A new pentagon polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibre with low nonlinearity is introduced. The full vector finite element method was used to investigate the distribution and the effective area of modal field, the nonlinear properties, the effective indices of two orthogonal polarization modes and the birefringence of the new PM-PCF effectively. It is found that the birefringence of the new polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibre can easily achieve the order of 10^-4, and it can obtain higher birefringence, larger effectively mode-field area and lower nonlinearity than traditional hexagonal polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibre with the same hole pitch, same hole diameter, and same ring number. It is important for sensing and communication applications, especially has potential application for fibre optical gyroscope.     

一种高双折射光子晶体光纤的模式特性分析

应用全矢量频域有限差分法,分析了所提出的一种高双折射光子晶体光纤的模式截止、损耗、模场半径及数值孔径等特性.数值模拟结果表明,通过设置合适的结构参量,可使这种高双折射光子晶体光纤在保持模式双折射为10-3量级的前提下,能够在600～1800 nm波长范围内保持单模传输,并且限制损耗可低于10-4dB/m量级,同时还可以获得较大的数值孔径,因而聚光能力增强,此外,通过采用高斯曲线拟合基模的模场分布,得到的模场半径与实际模场半径吻合得很好.     

Dispersion properties,birefringence and confinement loss of rotational elliptic air-hole photonic crystal fiber

Dispersion properties, birefringence and confinement loss between the circular air-hole photonic crystal fiber (CAHPCF) and rotational elliptical air-hole photonic crystal fiber (REAHPCF) are investigated numerically by means of a plane-wave expansion method and a finite element method. Results show that the performances of REAHPCF on flatter dispersion curve, single mode, high birefringence and low confinement loss is better than that of CAHPCF.     

矩形孔光子晶体光纤

采用全矢量有限元方法和完美匹配层条件,研究了一种在光纤包层中引入矩形孔的光子晶体光纤,提出一种实现高双折射光子晶体光纤的方法.模拟结果表明矩形孔光子晶体光纤具有椭圆孔光子晶体光纤类似的高双折射特性,其双折射高达0.01的量级,两种光子晶体光纤的模场、双折射、约束损耗等特性基本类似.     

基于椭圆孔包层和微型双孔纤芯的新型高双折射光子晶体光纤

设计了一种新型高双折射光子晶体光纤,即其包层引入椭圆形空气孔,且以三角晶格方式周期排列,纤芯引入亚波长尺寸(~0.16 μm)的微型双孔结构阵列.采用全矢量有限元法和各向异性完美匹配层边界条件分析了该型光子晶体光纤的双折射特性和色散特性,详细介绍了该光子晶体光纤在不同的椭圆率、椭圆归一化面积、微型双孔孔径、两小孔之间间距的情况下双折射和限制损耗随波长的变化曲线.模拟结果表明,通过同时在包层和纤芯引入非对称性,获得了较高的双折射(~10^-3量级)和极低(~10^-4 dB/km)的限制损耗.提供了一种新的光子晶体光纤设计方法,即通过同时在包层和纤芯引入新结构来同时获得高双折射和低损耗.     

压缩型双缺陷椭圆孔光子晶体光纤

提出了一种通过横向压缩普通圆孔光子晶体光纤,得到双缺陷椭圆孔光子晶体光纤的方法.所提出的双缺陷光子晶体光纤具有高双折射率,采用全矢量有限元方法和各向异性介质完美匹配层方法对该光子晶体光纤的双折射特性和约束损耗特性进行了研究.理论模拟结果表明所提出的光子晶体光纤的双折射率可以达到10－2量级.     

Highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with low confinement loss at wavelength 1.55 μm

High birefringent and low confinement loss of photonic crystal fiber is reported at wavelength 1.55 μm via Full-Vectorial Finite Element Method (FV-FEM). By suitable designing of three ring hexagonal solid core fiber and also by introducing a pair of large holes along x-axis near the core region, high modal birefringence 3 × 10⁻³ and low confinement loss 0.019 dB/km are found at wavelength 1.55 μm.     

High birefringence and low loss circular air-holes photonic crystal fiber using complex unit cells in cladding

We propose a high birefringence and low loss index-guiding photonic crystal fiber (PCF) using the complex unit cells in cladding by the finite-element method. Results show that the birefringence and confinement loss in such PCF fiber is determined not only by the whole cladding asymmetry but also the shape of the PCF core. The maximal modal birefringence and lowest confinement loss of our proposed structures at the excitation wavelength of λ = 1550 nm can be achieved at 8.7 × 10⁻³ and 5.27 × 10⁻⁵ dB/km, respectively.     

高双折射的混合格子太赫兹光子晶体光纤的设计与研究

提出了一种新型高双折射的混合格子太赫兹光子晶体光纤,通过对芯区亚波长尺寸的空气孔进行多种格子组合排列,增加结构的非对称性实现高的模式双折射. 全文仿真建模采用专业的有限元计算软件COMSOL Multiphysics 4.0,结果表明:混合格子太赫兹光子晶体光纤在很宽的频率范围内都具有较高的双折射(达到10^-2)和低的限制损耗,且通过改变光纤的某些参数可以灵活地控制其双折射或限制损耗特性. 相比于同类光通信波段光纤,由于太赫兹波波长较大,能够降低芯区微结构加工的难度,具有可行性. 关键词： 双折射 混合格子 太赫兹光子晶体光纤 限制损耗     

Photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence and low confinement loss

In this paper, a highly birefringent index-guiding photonic crystal fiber with low confinement loss is proposed by enlarging the central row of air holes in the structure. By employing the multipole method, properties of this structure, including the effective index, birefringence and confinement loss, are investigated. Simulation results indicate that high birefringence of 1.65 × 10⁻³ can be reached at the wavelength of 1.55 μm, and a low confinement loss on the order of 10⁻⁶ dB/km can be achieved at the same wavelength. Moreover, the impacts of air hole sizes on birefringence and confinement loss are also analyzed in detail.     

Propagation properties of an index guiding high birefringence fibre

Based on a full-vector model, a theoretical study on a kind of high birefringence photonic crystal fibre is presented. Due to introducing air holes of two different sizes into the cladding, twofold rotational symmetry was obtained. We demonstrate the possibility of achieving high birefringence that is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of conventional polarization-maintaining fibres. The dependences of modal birefringence, modal field and differential group delay on the structure parameter of the fibres are discussed in detail. The numerical results are in very good agreement with the experimental results in the literature.     

Highly birefringent extruded elliptical-hole photonic crystal fibers with single defect and double defects

Highly birefringent elliptical-hole photonic crystal fibers （PCFs） with single defect and double defects are proposed, which are supposed to be achieved by extruding normal circular-hole PCFs based on a triangular-lattice photonic crystal structure. Comparative research on the birefringence and the confinement loss of the proposed PCFs with single defect and double defects is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed PCFs with single defect and double defects can be with high birefringence （even up to the order of 10^-2）. The confinement loss increases when the ellipticity of the air hole of the PCFs increases, which nevertheless can be overcome bv increasing the ring number or the air holes in the fiber cladding.     

Photonic crystal fibers with material anisotropy

In this paper we are modeling the interplay of material and form birefringence in photonic crystal fibers. We introduce an efficient numerical method for the calculation of the modal structure. Our approach relies solving the fully vectorial wave equation for the transverse magnetic field and the respective propagation constants using a plane wave expansion. The method accounts for a simple form of material anisotropy. Our analysis is relevant to certain application areas, and in particular to fiber sensing, where material birefringence arises for instance due to transversally applied mechanical stress. We analyze the influence of material birefringence on the modal birefringence and the state of polarization of the fundamental mode.     

三种典型结构光子晶体光纤基本特性的比较和分析

应用多极法比较和分析了相同结构参数下的正六边形、正八边形和正十边形光子晶体光纤的色散系数、色散斜率、非线性系数和限制损耗.正六边形光子晶体光纤更适合用于色散补偿和高非线性的研究,在波长0.8 μm处的非线性系数达到了0.37 m^-1·W^-1;正十边形光子晶体光纤更适合用于色散平坦和低限制损耗的研究,在波长0.8 μm处的限制损耗相对正六边形光子晶体光纤减小了约3000个数量级,在1.4—1.65 μm波长范围内,正十边形光纤的色散系数介于-0.07—0.17 p     

Multiple defect-core hexagonal photonic crystal fiber with flattened dispersion and polarization maintaining properties

In this paper, we present a dispersion controlling technique with a multiple defect-core hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (MD-HPCF). By omitting air holes in the core region of the conventional HPCF and adjusting the size of air holes around the newly formed core, we can successfully design low flattened dispersion PCF with low confinement loss, as well as high birefringence. The low flattened dispersion feature, as well as the low confinement losses and high birefringence are the main advantages of the proposed PCF structure, making it suitable as chromatic dispersion controller, dispersion compensator, and/or polarization maintaining fiber.     

Research on terahertz photonic crystal fiber characteristics with high birefringence

A new high birefringence photonic crystal fiber is proposed within the terahertz frequency region. It has two types of claddings, the inner is composed of six ellipse air holes arranged in a honeycomb array and the outer surrounded by circle holes. By using the full vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly matched layers absorption boundary condition, the birefringence, chromatic dispersion and confinement loss of the fundamental mode are evaluated. The results show that the birefringence can achieve 10⁻³ when the wavelength increases from 600 μm to 900 μm. This structure will provide some reference value for the designing of high birefringence terahertz photonic crystal fiber.