斜槽式单激励纵扭超声变幅杆设计*

为实现在纵向单激励超声振动输入条件下获得纵扭谐振输出,提出一种基于声波传播理论为基础设计阶梯型变幅杆,并在其小端增加沿中心轴均布6斜槽的圆环传振杆的方案：首先数值计算进行理论设计,然后使用有限元进行分析修正,最后确定变幅杆尺寸。结果表明：理论设计谐振频率20kHz,仿真分析在19457Hz时变幅杆能够实现纵扭谐振;根据仿真结果制作变幅杆,阻抗测试结果谐振频率为19884Hz,与理论值、仿真值误差较小;在输入端加载幅值为5μm的纵向单激励超声振动,测试输出端截面圆周上任意一点,其切向和纵向振幅分别为12.7μm和8.5μm,表明变幅杆实现了纵扭谐振且振幅增强。     

扭转超声振动系统中局部共振的研究

本文从扭转振动波动方程出发，推导出了具有类圆锥过渡段的复合阶梯型扭转变幅杆的频率方程解析表达式。从实验和理论上对该复合变幅杆的谐振频率随杆细端长度和直径的变化进行了测量和计算。通过对比，证明了复合振动系统中局部扭转共振现象的存在，并得到了其产生条件。     

超声复合振动系统中的“局部共振”现象实验研究

本从实验的角度出发,对超声复合振动系统中细长杆的“局部共振”现象进行了较为精确的测量,主要研究了细杆长度与谐振频率之间的关系,超声振子对“局部共振”的影响,以及“局部共振”中细杆长度对振幅的影响,从而为深入研究“局部共振”现象产生的机理提供了更多的依据。     

粗细端等长阶梯形变幅杆的有限元分析

本文利用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究了一组粗细端截面积比不同的阶梯形变幅杆，得出了每个变幅杆的第一阶和第三阶谐振频率、粗细端分界面的相对位移和振幅放大系数。结果表明：ANSYS仿真值与实测值的平均偏差仅为0．3％，远小于常用式解析值与实测值的偏差；变幅杆粗细端分界面的运动类似受牵引的薄膜运动；而振幅放大系数与面积比成正比的结论可扩展到粗细端截面积比为100的情况。     

多端输出等幅振动的纵振动变换体

提出了一种一端输入多端输出等幅振动的纵振动方向变换体。变换体由输入杆、半球形过渡体和输出杆组成,通过半球形过渡体将一个输入杆与多个输出杆耦连为一体,并且多个输出杆呈立体分布,可实现一端纵振动输入多个方向上纵振动均匀输出。利用振动变换体端面的自由边界条件,以及各组件连接处的纵向位移、纵向力、横向位移和转角连续条件,推导了纵振动方向变换体的频率方程。解析计算了不同几何尺寸的纵振动变换体的谐振频率,与有限元法的计算值及实验测试值基本吻合。将纵振方向变换体的输入端与谐振频率为19.8 kHz的换能器相连,利用激光测振仪测试了纵振动变换体各输出端振型及各输出端相对于输入端的振幅放大系数,结果显示纵振动经过方向变换体成功地传输到了变换体的各输出杆的端面,且各输出端的振幅基本相等。      

带有锥形孔的复合变幅杆设计及动态分析

在超声振动拉丝加工过程中,为了实现线材的顺利拉拔,需要应用带有锥形孔的复合变幅杆。为此,本文基于等效四端网络与传输矩阵法,建立了带锥形孔圆锥变幅杆的传输矩阵,推导出带锥形孔圆锥过渡复合变幅杆的频率方程的一般公式。根据推导出的频率方程,应用区间搜索法和牛顿迭代法获取了准确的数值解,实现了该复合变幅杆的纵向振动。之后,应用有限元软件Ansys对设计出的复合变幅杆分别进行模态分析和动力学特性分析,获得了各段不同长度下复合变幅杆谐振频率、放大系数以及最大应力值的变化规律。最后,对制造出的复合变幅杆进行阻抗与振动性能测试,结果表明其频率准确,且振幅比较稳定。     

超声手术刀声学系统设计和实验*

为兼顾阶梯型变幅杆的高放大系数以及曲线过渡变幅杆突变截面处的高疲劳强度,本文提出了一种最速曲线过渡段的超声刀换能器。首先,基于等效电路法,设计了夹心式压电换能器的基本结构。在此基础上,结合超声刀的工作条件和材料特性,对换能器基本结构进行精确设计;然后,利用FEM法和实验法获取了换能器纵振频率以及频率响应曲线,进一步证明了本文所设计换能器的有效性;最后,对所设计的换能器进行了一系列测试,结果表明：测定了无负载换能器谐振频率与输出端振幅,与设计目标、仿真结果相吻合;连接负载后凝血,切割效果良好。     

超声变幅杆设计用表的计算机编制(Ⅰ)

本文介绍定义三个新系数——半波谐振长度系数、位移节点长度系数、应变极大点长度系数,对一般使用的超声变幅杆设计计算公式和方程作适当交换,使其只含直径比一个自变量,进而用电子计算机编制设计用表的方法和结果.第(1)部分介绍指数型、圆锥型、悬链线型和两段等长圆柱的阶梯型半波谐振空载变幅杆计算公式和方程的变换、数字计算结果概述及设计用表的使用举例.     

有载变幅杆特性的Mbius变换分析

本文把复变数解析映象理论引用于变幅杆的研究,解决了有复数、变动负载阻抗时,变幅杆的一些特性分析问题。 文中导出了圆锥形、指数形和悬链线形等变幅杆纵振动解析解;应用Mboius变换,建立了阻抗映象图,直观地表达了变幅杆两端复阻抗对应关系及相应变化关系;讨论了变幅杆两端相对阻抗相等问题;分析了变幅杆工作稳定性;此外,应用Mobius反变换,给出了在各种负载条件下的变幅杆谐振方程,并对方程有解条件进行了讨论。 计算结果表明:现有的一些计算变幅杆谐振频率公式,均包括在本文所给结果之中。理论和验证实验结果相符合。     

基于DIS传感器的受迫振动与共振实验探究装置

受迫振动与共振实验是高中物理重要内容,是教学难点.利用可调速的直线电机提供更稳定的驱动力,通过光电门传感器采集驱动频率;设计位移传感器的发射端做为振子,观察受迫振动与共振现象,并实时采集振子的位移与时间图像,通过图像处理获取振子振动的频率和振幅值,采集多组数据,定量探究振子振动的频率与驱动频率的关系,绘制共振曲线,得到...     

振荡器起振过程的Nyquist图分析

本通过对一个谐振于中频(约数千赫)的振荡器的起振过程Nyquist图分析。给出了起振过程的详细描述，使读能清楚地看到起伏过程中输出端信号频率和幅值变化的过程及要得到标准正弦波应注意的问题，对振荡器的实验研究有一定指导意义。     

Purely axial vibration of thin cylindrical shells with shear-diaphragm boundary conditions

This work presents the free vibration characteristics of a thin walled cylindrical shell at the zeroth axial mode number. The cylindrical shell has shear-diaphragm boundary conditions at each end. The thin shell equations by Flügge are used as these equations of motion lead to more accurate results at low frequencies. The zeroth axial mode number is found to occur at the cut-on of the second class of waves. The mode shapes at these natural frequencies result in a purely axial displacement of the middle surface of the shell. High modal density for the first class of waves occurs before the cutting-on of the second class of waves. Beyond this frequency, the dynamic response is dominated by the latter modes.     

STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE SHELLS SUBJECTED TO BLAST LOADING: COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL METHODS

The results from a theoretical and experimental investigation of the dynamic response of cylindrically curved laminated composite shells subjected to normal blast loading are presented. The dynamic equations of motion for cylindrical laminated shells are derived using the assumptions of Love's theory of thin elastic shells. Kinematically admissible displacement functions are chosen to represent the motion of the clamped cylindrical shell and the governing equations are obtained in the time domain using the Galerkin method. The time-dependent equations of the cylindrically curved laminated shell are then solved by the Runge-Kutta-Verner method. Finite element modelling and analysis for the blast-loaded cylindrical shell are also presented. Experimental results for cylindrically curved laminated composite shells with clamped edges and subjected to blast loading are presented. The blast pressure and strain measurements are performed on the shell panels. The strain response frequencies of the clamped cylindrical shells subjected to blast load are obtained using the fast Fourier transformation technique. In addition, the effects of material properties on the dynamic behaviour are examined. The strain-time history curves show agreement between the experimental and analysis results in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical panels. However, there is a discrepancy between the experimental and analysis results in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical panels. A good prediction is obtained for the response frequency of the cylindrical shell panels.     

Dynamic strain of a longitudinally vibrating viscoelastic rod with an end mass

The dynamic strain of a viscoelastic rod excited into longitudinal simple harmonic vibration, a constant amplitude displacement being maintained by a shaker at one end and a mass terminating the other end, is theoretically investigated in this paper. The general equation of the strain distribution in the rod is derived by solving the one-dimensional wave equation. It is shown that the strain in the rod is the largest at the excited end, at the antiresonant frequencies. Simplified approximate equations are derived for the low loss case to calculate the largest strain in the rod with knowledge of the loss factor.     

新型的高温超导薄膜梳齿谐振器

本文报导了一种新型结构的高温超导薄膜梳齿谐振器.我们通过改变谐振器梳齿的长度,使谐振器的谐振频率可以从800MHz到1300MHz左右,这正是我们研制的Hi-Tc rf SQUID所需要的两个频段.我们对这种新型谐振器的谐振频率与几何尺寸的关系进行了数值拟合.测试了使用该种新型谐振器的Hi-Tc rf SQUID的噪声.     

金属包裹纳米微粒的光学特性研究(英文)

金属包裹纳米粒子是一种纳米量级的介质球核外包裹薄金属层的纳米粒子.在本文中,Au包裹Au₂S纳米粒子被抽象成微型电磁谐振腔,其谐振波长决定于Au₂S介质球核的半径.运用经典电磁理论可以得到谐振波长和谐振能量.由于Au包层很薄(2nm),这种微型谐振腔的耦合方式是有别于传统方式的透射耦合,因此Au包层的厚度决定了谐振的能量以及谐振腔品质因子Q.此外,本文还讨论了吸收峰的线宽.     

THE EFFECTS OF LARGE VIBRATION AMPLITUDES ON THE MODE SHAPES AND NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF THIN ELASTIC SHELLS. PART II: A NEW APPROACH FOR FREE TRANSVERSE CONSTRAINED VIBRATION OF CYLINDRICAL SHELLS

The non-linear dynamic behaviour of infinitely long circular cylindrical shells in the case of plane strains is examined and results are compared with previous studies. A theoretical model based on Hamilton's principle and spectral analysis previously developed for non-linear vibration of thin straight structures (beams and plates) is extended here to shell-type structures, reducing the large-amplitude free vibration problem to the solution of a set of non-linear algebraic equations. In the present work, the transverse displacement is assumed to be harmonic and is expanded in the form of a finite series of functions corresponding to the constrained vibrations, which exclude the axisymmetric displacements. The non-linear strain energy is expressed by taking into account the non-linear terms due to the considerable stretching of the shell middle surface induced by large deflections. It has been shown that the model presented here gives new results for infinitely long circular cylindrical shells and can lead to a good approximation for determining the fundamental longitudinal mode shape and the associated higher circumferencial mode shapes (n>3) of simply supported circular cylindrical shells of finite length. The non-linear results at small vibration amplitudes are compared with linear experimental and theoretical results obtained by several authors for simply supported shells. Numerical results (non-linear frequencies, vibration amplitudes and basic function contributions) of infinite shells associated to the first four mode shapes of free vibrations, are obtained, using a multi-mode approach and are summarized in tables. Good agreement is found with results from previous studies for both small and large amplitudes of vibration. The non-linear mode shapes are plotted and discussed for different thickness to radius ratios. The distributions of the bending stresses associated with the mode shapes are given and compared with those obtained via the linear theory.     

Vibration behaviour of stators of electrical machines,part I: Theoretical study

A general analytical method for free vibrations of thick cylindrical shells is presented in this paper. The problems associated with thick cylindrical shells are of considerable engineering importance in numerous applications. One important application of such shells is the stator of electrical machines, where the thick stator-core with teeth and windings is encased by a thin frame provided with cooling ribs. In order to design a quiet electrical machine, the accurate determination of resonant frequencies and vibrational characteristics of the stator is essential. The well known energy method is used in the analysis presented for the derivation of the frequency equation of the stator. As a first step, the analysis is applied to a simple and smooth model of thick circular cylindrical shell having substantial axial length as used in actual stators. The analysis delivers information on resonant frequencies and associated mode shapes. The method of analysis and the theoretical results obtained for the model are presented. The experimental verification of the analysis is reported in a companion paper.     

一种弯张换能器及其共振频率计算方法

提出一种弯张换能器即欧米伽换能器,推导出其共振频率和位移振形函数。把欧米伽换能器分成四个构成部分,利用旋转薄壳理论和压电理论分别求出各部分的能量并进行相加,得到整个欧米伽换能器能量的泛函表达式;把几何边界连续条件和包含待定系数的位移振形函数代入到欧米伽换能器能量泛函中,运用Rayleigh-Ritz法求出欧米伽换能器的共振频率,再把共振频率代入Rayleigh-Ritz偏微分方程和边界方程中求出位移振形函数的待定系数以获得确定的位移振形函数。该方法也被推广到对钹式换能器共振频率和位移振形函数的求解上。上述求解结果与实验结果和数值软件相结合论证了该方法的有效性。可获得以下结论:(1)欧米伽换能器陶瓷片的径向振动与金属端帽顶部的纵向振动同相,减少了声场中的反相分量,易作为低频换能器使用;(2)为解决欧米伽换能器和钹式换能器的优化设计提供了理论支持;(3)文中求解共振频率和位移振形函数的方法,即可以应用在由旋转薄壳组成的弯张换能器上也可以应用在由旋转薄壳组成的其它结构上,具有普遍性。