Bifurcation and chaos of an axially accelerating viscoelastic beam

This paper investigates bifurcation and chaos of an axially accelerating viscoelastic beam. The Kelvin–Voigt model is adopted to constitute the material of the beam. Lagrangian strain is used to account for the beam's geometric nonlinearity. The nonlinear partial–differential equation governing transverse motion of the beam is derived from the Newton second law. The Galerkin method is applied to truncate the governing equation into a set of ordinary differential equations. By use of the Poincaré map, the dynamical behavior is identified based on the numerical solutions of the ordinary differential equations. The bifurcation diagrams are presented in the case that the mean axial speed, the amplitude of speed fluctuation and the dynamic viscoelasticity is respectively varied while other parameters are fixed. The Lyapunov exponent is calculated to identify chaos. From numerical simulations, it is indicated that the periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic motions occur in the transverse vibrations of the axially accelerating viscoelastic beam.     

轴向运动三参数黏弹性梁弱受迫振动的渐近分析

研究了轴向运动三参数黏弹性梁的弱受迫振动．建立了轴向运动三参数黏弹性梁受迫振动的控制方程．使用多尺度法渐近分析了运动梁的稳态响应,导出了解稳定性边界方程、稳态振幅的表达式以及稳态响应非零解的存在条件．依据Routh-Hurwitz定律决定了非线性稳态响应非零解的稳定性．     

Two-dimensional nonlinear dynamics of an axially moving viscoelastic beam with time-dependent axial speed

In the present study, the coupled nonlinear dynamics of an axially moving viscoelastic beam with time-dependent axial speed is investigated employing a numerical technique. The equations of motion for both the transverse and longitudinal motions are obtained using Newton’s second law of motion and the constitutive relations. A two-parameter rheological model of the Kelvin–Voigt energy dissipation mechanism is employed in the modelling of the viscoelastic beam material, in which the material time derivative is used in the viscoelastic constitutive relation. The Galerkin method is then applied to the coupled nonlinear equations, which are in the form of partial differential equations, resulting in a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with time-dependent coefficients due to the axial acceleration. A change of variables is then introduced to this set of ODEs to transform them into a set of first-order ordinary differential equations. A variable step-size modified Rosenbrock method is used to conduct direct time integration upon this new set of first-order nonlinear ODEs. The mean axial speed and the amplitude of the speed variations, which are taken as bifurcation parameters, are varied, resulting in the bifurcation diagrams of Poincaré maps of the system. The dynamical characteristics of the system are examined more precisely via plotting time histories, phase-plane portraits, Poincaré sections, and fast Fourier transforms (FFTs).     

Vibration and stability of an axially moving Rayleigh beam

In this paper, the vibration and stability of an axially moving beam is investigated. The finite element method with variable-domain elements is used to derive the equations of motion of an axially moving beam based on Rayleigh beam theory. Two kinds of axial motions including constant-speed extension deployment and back-and-forth periodical motion are considered. The vibration and stability of beams with these motions are investigated. For vibration analysis, direct time numerical integration, based on a Runge–Kutta algorithm, is used. For stability analysis of a beam with constant-speed axial extension deployment, eigenvalues of equations of motion are obtained to determine its stability, while Floquet theory is employed to investigate the stability of the beam with back-and-forth periodical axial motion. The effects of oscillation amplitude and frequency of periodical axial movement on the stability of the beam are discussed from the stability chart. Time histories are established to confirm the results from Floquet theory.     

Free vibration and stability of tapered Euler–Bernoulli beams made of axially functionally graded materials

The free vibration and stability of axially functionally graded tapered Euler–Bernoulli beams are studied through solving the governing differential equations of motion. Observing the fact that the conventional differential transform method (DTM) does not necessarily converge to satisfactory results, a new approach based on DTM called differential transform element method (DTEM) is introduced which considerably improves the convergence rate of the method. In addition to DTEM, differential quadrature element method of lowest-order (DQEL) is used to solve the governing differential equation, as well. Carrying out several numerical examples, the competency of DQEL and DTEM in determination of free longitudinal and free transverse frequencies and critical buckling load of tapered Euler–Bernoulli beams made of axially functionally graded materials is verified.     

Transverse vibration of viscoelastic sandwich beam with time-dependent axial tension and axially varying moving velocity

Nonlinearly parametric resonances of axially accelerating moving viscoelastic sandwich beams with time-dependent tension are investigated in this paper. Based on the Kelvin differential constitutive equation, the controlling equation of the transverse vibration of a beam with large deflection is established. The system has been subjected to a time varying velocity and a harmonic axial tension. Here the governing equation of motion contains linear parametric terms and two frequencies, one is the frequency of axially moving velocity and the other one is the frequency of varying tension. The method of multiple scales is applied directly to the governing equation to obtain the complex eigenfunctions and natural frequencies of the system. The elimination of secular terms leads to the steady-state response and amplitude of vibrations. The influence of various parameters such as initial tension on natural frequencies and the amplitude of axial fluctuation, the phase angle between the two frequencies on response curves has been investigated for two different resonance conditions. With the help of numerical results, it has been shown that by using suitable initial tension, the amplitude of axial fluctuation, the phase angle, the vibration of the sandwich beam can be significantly controlled.     

Non-linearly parametric resonances of an axially moving viscoelastic sandwich beam with time-dependent velocity

Non-linearly parametric resonances of an axially moving viscoelastic sandwich beam are investigated in this paper. The beam is moving with a time-dependent velocity, namely a harmonically varied velocity about the mean velocity. The partial differential equation is discretized into nonlinear ordinary differential equations via the method of Galerkin truncation and then the steady-state response is obtained using the method of multiple scales, an approximate analytical method. The tuning equations are obtained by eliminating secular terms and the amplitude of the vibration is derived from the tuning equations expressed in polar form, and two bifurcation points are obtained as well. Additionally, the stability conditions of trivial and nontrivial solutions are analyzed using the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. Eventually, the effects of various parameters such as the thickness of core layer, mean velocity, initial tension, and the amplitude of axially moving velocity on amplitude–frequency response curves and unstable regions are investigated.     

Vibrations and stability of axially traveling laminated beams

In this paper, vibrations and stability of an axially traveling laminated composite beam are investigated analytically via the method of multiple scales. Based on classical laminated beam theory, the governing equations of motion for a time-variant axial speed are obtained using Newton’s second law of motion and constitutive relations. The method of multiple scales, an approximate analytical method, is applied directly to the gyroscopic governing equations of motion and complex eigenfunctions and natural frequencies of the system are obtained. The stability boundaries of the system near resonance are determined via the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Finally, a parametric study is conducted which considers the effects of laminate type and configuration as well as the mean speed and amplitude of speed fluctuations on the vibration response, natural frequencies and stability boundaries of the system.     

Propagation of harmonic waves in prestressed fiber viscoelastic thick tubes filled with a viscous dusty fluid

In this work, propagation of harmonic waves in initially stressed cylindrical viscoelastic thick tubes filled with a Newtonian fluid is studied. The tube, subjected to a static inner pressure P_i and a positive axial stretch λ, will be considered as an incompressible viscoelastic and fibrous material. The fluid is assumed as an incompressible, viscous and dusty fluid. The field equations for the fluid are obtained in the cylindrical coordinates. The governing differential equations of the tube’s viscoelastic material are obtained also in the cylindrical coordinates utilizing the theory of small deformations superimposed on large initial static deformations. For the axially symmetric motion the field equations are solved by assuming harmonic wave solutions. A closed form solution can be obtained for equations governing the fluid body, but due to the variability of the coefficients of resulting differential equations of the solid body, such a closed form solution is not possible to obtain. For that reason, equations for the solid body and the boundary conditions are treated numerically by the finite-difference method to obtain the effects of the thickness of the tube on the wave characteristics. Dispersion relation is obtained using the long wave approximation and, the wave velocities and the transmission coefficients are computed.     

Transverse nonlinear dynamics of axially accelerating viscoelastic beams based on 4-term Galerkin truncation

This paper investigates bifurcation and chaos in transverse motion of axially accelerating viscoelastic beams. The Kelvin model is used to describe the viscoelastic property of the beam material, and the Lagrangian strain is used to account for geometric nonlinearity due to small but finite stretching of the beam. The transverse motion is governed by a nonlinear partial-differential equation. The Galerkin method is applied to truncate the partial-differential equation into a set of ordinary differential equations. When the Galerkin truncation is based on the eigenfunctions of a linear non-translating beam subjected to the same boundary constraints, a computation technique is proposed by regrouping nonlinear terms. The scheme can be easily implemented in practical computations. When the transport speed is assumed to be a constant mean speed with small harmonic variations, the Poincaré map is numerically calculated based on 4-term Galerkin truncation to identify dynamical behaviors. The bifurcation diagrams are present for varying one of the following parameter: the axial speed fluctuation amplitude, the mean axial speed and the beam viscosity coefficient, while other parameters are unchanged.     

Well-posedness and exponential stability of a thermoelastic Joint–Leg–Beam system with Robin boundary conditions

An important class of proposed large space structures features a triangular truss backbone. In this paper we study thermomechanical behavior of a truss component; namely, a triangular frame consisting of two thin-walled circular beams connected through a joint. Transverse and axial mechanical motions of the beams are coupled though a mechanical joint. The nature of the external solar load suggests a decomposition of the temperature fields in the beams leading to two heat equations for each beam. One of these fields models the circumferential average temperature and is coupled to axial motions of the beam, while the second field accounts for a temperature gradient across the beam and is coupled to beam bending. The resulting system of partial and ordinary differential equations formally describes the coupled thermomechanical behavior of the joint–beam system. The main work is in developing an appropriate state-space form and then using semigroup theory to establish well-posedness and exponential stability.     

Transverse free vibration and stability of axially moving nanoplates based on nonlocal elasticity theory

Transverse dynamical behaviors of axially moving nanoplates which could be used to model the graphene nanosheets or other plate-like nanostructures with axial motion are examined based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. The Hamilton's principle is employed to derive the multivariable coupling partial differential equations governing the transverse motion of the axially moving nanoplates. Subsequently, the equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations by the method of separation of variables. The effects of dimensionless small-scale parameter, axial speed and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies in sub-critical region are discussed by the method of complex mode. Then the Galerkin method is employed to analyze the effects of small-scale parameter on divergent instability and coupled-mode flutter in super-critical region. It is shown that the existence of small-scale parameter contributes to strengthen the stability in the super-critical region, but the stability of the sub-critical region is weakened. The regions of divergent instability and coupled-mode flutter decrease even disappear with an increase in the small-scale parameter. The natural frequencies in sub-critical region show different tendencies with different boundary effects, while the natural frequencies in super-critical region keep constants with the increase of axial speed.     

轴向运动粘弹性板的横向振动特性

研究了轴向运动粘弹性矩形薄板的动力特性和稳定性问题．从二维粘弹性微分型本构关系出发,建立了轴向运动粘弹性板的运动微分方程．采用微分求积法,对四边简支、一对边简支一对边固支两种边界条件下粘弹性板的无量纲复频率进行了数值计算．分析了薄板的长宽比、无量纲运动速度及材料的无量纲延滞时间对其横向振动及稳定性的影响．     

轴向运动导电导磁梁的磁弹性振动方程

针对磁场环境中轴向运动导电导磁梁磁弹性耦合振动的理论建模问题进行研究.基于Timoshenko(铁木辛柯)梁理论并考虑几何非线性因素,给出轴向运动弹性梁在横向双向振动下的形变势能、动能计算式以及电磁力和机械力的虚功表达式.应用Hamilton(哈密顿)变分原理,推得磁场中轴向运动Timoshenko梁的非线性磁弹性耦合振动方程,并给出了简化形式的Euler-Bernoulli(欧拉 伯努利)梁磁弹性振动方程.根据电磁理论和相应的电磁本构关系,得到载流导电弹性梁所受电磁力的表达式,基于磁偶极子-电流环路模型给出铁磁弹性梁所受磁体力和磁体力偶的表述形式.通过算例,分析了轴向运动导电弹性梁的奇点分布及其稳定性问题.     

Spectral finite element analysis of elastically connected double-beam systems

A spectral finite element method for two parallel beams connected to each other by the vertical springs uniformly distributed along the beam length is introduced in this paper. The effects of the shear deformation and rotary inertia of the beams are accounted for. The coupled equations of motion are derived by using Hamilton's principle and the spectral element matrix is established based on the exact solutions of the governing equations. The use of the proposed spectral element formulation to investigate the free vibration characteristics of the particular double-beam systems is demonstrated by applying the Muller root search algorithm. Once the natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained, a spectral element based normal mode method is introduced to compute the dynamic response of the double-beam systems subjected to various kinds of concentrated and distributed loads. Numerical results of the present method are verified by comparing with those available in the literature.     

Dynamic response of clamped axially moving beams: Integral transform solution

The generalized integral transform technique (GITT) is employed to obtain a hybrid analytical-numerical solution for dynamic response of clamped axially moving beams. The use of the GITT approach in the analysis of the transverse vibration equation leads to a coupled system of second order differential equations in the dimensionless temporal variable. The resulting transformed ODE system is then solved numerically with automatic global accuracy control by using the subroutine DIVPAG from IMSL Library. Excellent convergence behavior is shown by comparing the vibration displacement of different points along the beam length. Numerical results are presented for different values of axial translation velocity and flexural stiffness. A set of reference results for the transverse vibration displacement of axially moving beam is provided for future co-validation purposes.     

Large-amplitude free vibrations of functionally graded beams by means of a finite element formulation

The large-amplitude free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams is investigated by means of a finite element formulation. The Von-Karman type nonlinear strain–displacement relationships are employed where the ends of the beam are constrained to move axially. The effects of the transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia are included based upon the Timoshenko beam theory. The material properties are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to the power-law distribution. A statically exact beam element which devoid the shear locking effect with displacement fields based on the first order shear deformation theory is used to study the geometric nonlinear effects on the vibrational characteristics of functionally graded beams. The finite element method is employed to discretize the nonlinear governing equations, which are then solved by the direct numerical integration technique in order to obtain the nonlinear vibration frequencies of functionally graded beams with different boundary conditions. The influences of power-law exponent, vibration amplitude, beam geometrical parameters and end supports on the free vibration frequencies are studied. The present numerical results compare very well with the results available from the literature where possible. Some new results for the nonlinear natural frequencies are presented in both tabular and graphical forms which can be used for future references.     

Linear and nonlinear vibrations of fractional viscoelastic Timoshenko nanobeams considering surface energy effects

In this paper, the linear and nonlinear vibrations of fractional viscoelastic Timoshenko nanobeams are studied based on the Gurtin–Murdoch surface stress theory. Firstly, the constitutive equations of fractional viscoelasticity theory are considered, and based on the Gurtin–Murdoch model, stress components on the surface of the nanobeam are incorporated into the axial stress tensor. Afterward, using Hamilton's principle, equations governing the two-dimensional vibrations of fractional viscoelastic nanobeams are derived. Finally, two solution procedures are utilized to describe the time responses of nanobeams. In the first method, which is fully numerical, the generalized differential quadrature and finite difference methods are used to discretize the linear part of the governing equations in spatial and time domains. In the second method, which is semi-analytical, the Galerkin approach is first used to discretize nonlinear partial differential governing equations in the spatial domain, and the obtained set of fractional-order ordinary differential equations are then solved by the predictor–corrector method. The accuracy of the results for the linear and nonlinear vibrations of fractional viscoelastic nanobeams with different boundary conditions is shown. Also, by comparing obtained results for different values of some parameters such as viscoelasticity coefficient, order of fractional derivative and parameters of surface stress model, their effects on the frequency and damping of vibrations of the fractional viscoelastic nanobeams are investigated.     

Analytical solution for the fully coupled static response of variable stiffness composite beams

An analytical solution is presented for the 3D static response of variable stiffness non-uniform composite beams. Based on Euler-Bernoulli theory, a set of governing differential equations are obtained, in which four degrees of freedom are fully coupled. For the variable stiffness beam, the governing field equations have variable coefficients reflecting the stiffness variation along the beam. Using the direct integration technique, the general analytical solution is derived in the integral form and the closed-form expressions of the obtained solutions are presented employing a series expansion approximation. The series expansion representation enables the proposed approach to be applicable for variable stiffness composite beams with arbitrary span-wise variation of properties. As an alternative solution, the Chebyshev collocation method is applied to the proposed formulation to verify the results obtained from the analytical solution. A number of variable stiffness composite beams made by fibre steering with various boundary conditions and stacking sequences are considered as the test cases. The static response are presented based on the analytical solution and Chebyshev collocation method and excellent agreement is observed for all test cases. The proposed model presents a reliable and efficient approach for capturing the complicated behaviour of variable stiffness non-uniform composite beams.     

损伤粘弹性Timoshenko梁的拟静态力学行为分析

从考虑损伤的粘弹性材料——一种卷积型本构关系出发,应用Timoshenko梁的基本变形假设,建立损伤粘弹性Timoshenko梁的静、动力学行为研究的数学模型.分析了损伤粘弹性Timoshenko梁在阶跃载荷作用下的准静态力学行为,在Laplace域中得到了挠度和损伤的解析表达式．应用数值逆变换技术,考察了材料粘性参数对梁的挠度和损伤的影响,得到不同时刻损伤和挠度随时间的变化曲线．