纳米金粒子/高分子复合物

纳米金粒子/高分子复合物由于其独特的光、电性能引起了材料工作者的关注.本文介绍了纳米金粒子的制备方法及其高分子复合物的制备过程和原理, 着重综述了纳米金/智能高分子复合物的研究进展.     

海藻酸钠-纳米金复合物荧光猝灭法测定纺织品中的铬(Ⅵ)

生态纺织品中铬(Ⅵ)含量有严格的限制.本实验利用海藻酸钠一步法成功合成了纳米金溶胶,并对其荧光特性进行了研究.结果表明,海藻酸钠-纳米金复合物(AuNPs-SA)在激发波长λex=330 nm处表现出最强荧光特性,在该激发波长下,最大发射波长λem=415 nm.铬(Ⅵ)对海藻酸钠-纳米金复合物的荧光有猝灭效应,纳米金荧光强度随铬(Ⅵ)浓度的增加而减弱,利用其荧光猝灭特性建立了铬(Ⅵ)定量分析方法.调节AuNPs-SA溶液至pH 7.0,加入Cr(Ⅵ),反应40 min后,测定荧光强度变化.铬(Ⅵ)浓度在1.0×10-8～9.0×10-8 moL/L范围内与F/F0有较好的线性关系(R=0.9919),方法的检出限(S/N=3)为5.0×10-9 mol/L.本方法用于纺织品中苎麻与涤纶的痕量铬(Ⅵ)的检测,所得结果与国家标准方法(GB/T 17593.3-2006)没有显著性差异.     

三维结构金纳米花的快速可控合成及其分析应用研究

以多巴胺(DA)为还原剂和包被剂,与氯金酸(HAuCl4)作用,一步合成得到具有高度复杂三维结构的金纳米花(AuNFs)。合成方法简单、可控、操作性强,只需70℃水浴反应10 min。实验发现,多巴胺溶液的新鲜程度和浓度是决定AuNFs形貌的关键因素,而4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸(HEPES)可用于调节AuNFs的尺寸,引入常用表面活性剂如Triton X-100、Tween-80、CTAB等会影响其形貌。由于AuNFs具有复杂的三维结构,在棱角处可能存在强电场,在催化、光热治疗等方面有较广阔的应用前景。     

油酰吗啉溶剂体系中银铟硒纳米颗粒的形貌可控合成

以绿色环保的油酰吗啉作为硒粉的溶剂,油胺作为表面包覆剂,通过简单的液相法制备了银铟硒纳米颗粒。X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜分析测试显示AgInSe2纳米颗粒属于四方黄铜矿相结构,粒径约为16 nm的六角盘状纳米晶。紫外可见光谱分析表明所制备的AgInSe2纳米颗粒禁带宽度约为1.22 eV。考察了反应时间对AgInSe2纳米颗粒尺寸的影响,发现颗粒的尺寸随着反应时间的延长而逐渐变大。对AgInSe2纳米颗粒的生长机制进行了初步探讨,油胺的选择性吸附及材料的晶体结构被认为是决定纳米颗粒形貌的主要因素。     

基于纳米金与碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖纳米复合物固定癌胚抗原免疫传感器的研究

采用纳米金(nano-Au)、多壁碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖的纳米复合物(MWNT-Pt-CS)及电子媒介体硫堇(Th)固载抗体制得高灵敏癌胚抗原免疫传感器．首先, 于壳聚糖溶液中用NaBH4还原H2PtCl6, 并将多壁碳纳米管分散于其中制得碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖纳米复合物, 并将其滴涂在玻碳电极上成膜; 然后, 吸附电子媒介体硫堇制得硫堇/碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖(Th/MWNT-Pt-CS)修饰电极．利用壳聚糖和硫堇分子中大量的氨基固定纳米金并吸附癌胚抗体(anti-CEA); 最后, 用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)封闭活性位点从而制得高灵敏电流型免疫传感器．在优化的实验条件下, 该传感器响应的峰电流值与癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen)浓度在0.5～10和10～120 ng/mL的范围内保持良好的线性关系, 检测限为0.2 ng/mL．     

酶法合成的葡萄糖氧化酶-纳米金复合物的直接电化学与生物传感

将NaAuCl₄、葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）和葡萄糖混合,借一步酶促反应制得吸附GOx的金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）,再通过滴干修饰法研制了Nafion/GOx-AuNPs修饰的玻碳（GC）电极,并考察了该酶电极上GOx的直接电化学和生物传感性能. 这种酶法合成的GOx-AuNPs复合物有良好的酶直接电化学活性,也保持了GOx的生物活性,似可归因于酶法合成的纳米金更接近酶氧化还原活性中心的缘故. 该酶电极在-0.4 V（vs. SCE）电位下,其稳态电流下降与葡萄糖浓度（0.5 4 mmol·L^-1）成正比,检测下限0.2 mol·L^-1.     

纳米聚苯胺及聚苯胺/金复合材料的制备与表征

以氯金酸(HAuCl4)为氧化剂,在两种不同无机酸(HCl和H2SO4)的掺杂下,通过调节反应体系中混合溶剂的醇水比例,用一步氧化苯胺聚合法成功制备了不同形貌的纳米聚苯胺及聚苯胺/金复合材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对产物的形貌和结构进行了表征.在此基础上,进一步讨论了聚苯胺/金复合材料可能的形成机理.     

酸碱度对金纳米结构形貌的调控及其机理研究

本文通过调节环境pH酸碱度改变聚电解质膜中氨基基团的键合状态,以控制聚电解质膜表面金纳米粒子的原位还原与自组装过程中的聚集行为,发现当聚电解质膜经pH为5.40的去离子水处理后可在其表面制备出片状金纳米结构;经pH为0.65的强酸溶液处理后,可在膜表面制备出树枝状的金纳米结构,且尺寸比pH为5.40条件下增大一倍;经pH为12.77的强碱溶液处理后,金纳米粒子的聚集状态发生改变,形成了球形纳米结构;对金纳米粒子形貌的调控机理进行了初步探讨.     

壳聚糖介质金纳米盘的可控合成及生长机理

水浴加热氯金酸、壳聚糖和纳米金种子的混合液,以壳聚糖为稳定剂和还原剂成功合成了表面等离子体共振(SPR)吸收峰位可调的金纳米盘.SEM电镜图像表明纳米金盘主要为三角形和截角三角形,其边长在170 nm左右.X射线衍射分析表明金纳米盘是以{111}面为盘状面的高纯金单晶.讨论了金纳米盘的生长机理.在最佳条件下金纳米盘的面内偶极等离子共振吸收峰位于920 nm.实验结果表明通过控制壳聚糖的量、金种子的加入量、水浴温度及水浴时间可以有效地控制近红外等离子吸收峰位及吸收强度.     

合成高产率的Au21(SR)15纳米簇

近年来,精确原子个数的金纳米簇因其在催化、生物医药、传感等领域具有潜在应用而备受关注。本研究中使用金刚烷硫醇(HS-Adam)作为配体制备了Au₂₃(S-Adam)₁₆纳米簇。在室温条件下,通过HS-Adam刻蚀Au₂₃(S-Adam)₁₆纳米簇,得到了纯度较高的Au₂₁(S-Adam)₁₅,其转换率可达20% (根据金原子计算)。并通过紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis),电喷雾(ESI)和基质辅助激光解析飞行时间(MALDI)质谱以及热重分析(TGA)对合成的金纳米簇进行表征。     

Morphologies Controlled Synthesis of MnO2 Nanostructures

Spherical MnO₂ nanosheet aggregates have been synthesized by the reaction between MnSO₄ and KMnO₄ at room temperature. After the resulting products are treated under hydrothermal conditions, MnO₂ nanorods and tower‐like crystals have been prepared in the absence/presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, respectively. The products are characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray diffractometer, respectively.     

AuCl3催化2-(1-炔基)-2-烯基酮合成多取代呋喃的机理

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP泛函对AuCl₃催化的2-(1-炔基)-2-烯基酮与亲核试剂反应的机理进行了研究, 得到了反应的最优路径. 结果表明, 整个反应的决速步骤是羟基H转移到AuCl₃的配体Cl上, 其活化能为49.3 kJ·mol^-1. 通过计算发现, 催化剂AuCl₃的配体Cl原子在反应中有重要的作用, 它不仅稳定配合物, 而且直接参与反应, 协助质子的转移, 显著降低质子转移的活化能(由71.5 kJ·mol^-1降低到49.3 kJ·mol^-1). 另外还讨论了HBF₄不能催化此反应的可能原因, 计算结果与实验结果一致.     

Heterochiral Self-Discrimination-Driven Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Decanuclear Gold(I)-Sulfido Complexes into 2D Nanostructures with Chiral Anions-Tuned Morphologies

Chiral self-recognition and self-discrimination are of vital importance to biological processes. In this work, 2D regular rhombic nanocrystals ( RS -NC ) were fabricated through heterochiral self-discrimination between chiral polynuclear gold(I)-sulfido complex enantiomers, [(R-BINAP)₄Au₁₀S₄]Cl₂ ( R -Au₁₀ ) and [(S-BINAP)₄Au₁₀S₄]Cl₂ ( S -Au₁₀ ), in MeOH without the need for any surfactants or templates. The monitoring of nanocrystals (NCs) formation by TEM and DLS has uncovered the self-assembly process and shape evolution of the NCs and revealed a screw-dislocation dictated spiral growth of the rhombic NCs. Upon addition of chiral anions, the morphology of the gold NCs was found to change from rhombic to strip and quasi-hexagonal nanosheets, arising from reverse and rotational layer-by-layer stacking to give the bilayer NCs. By applying a high temperature, rhombic gold nanoisland films were obtained from the rhombic NCs. The current study has provided a simple strategy towards the construction of regular geometric 2D NCs as well as their chiral anion-tuned and reverse and rotational stacking-determined morphology change by heterochiral self-discrimination.     

Study on carbon-hydrogen activation of ketones by Gold(III) complexes and the synthesis and characterization of two ketonylgold(III) complexes

The acetonylgold(III) compound [Au(ppy)(CH₂COCH₃)Cl] (1) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) was unexpectedly obtained during the crystallization process of Au(III) lactate complex [Au(ppy)(CH₃CHOHCOO⁻)Cl]. This new structure prompted us to further study the role of Au(III) complexes on the carbon-hydrogen activation of ketones. Complex [Au(ppy)(CH₂COCH₃)NO₃] (2) was synthesized by reacting [Au(ppy)(NO₃)₂] with acetone while the ketonyl Au(III) complex [Au(apd)Cl₂] (3) (Hapd = 2-acetylpyridine) was obtained through carbon-hydrogen bond activation of the acetyl group. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 have common features: a square-planar Au(III) centre coordinated by one five-membered chelate ring, one acetonyl ligand and one anion (chloride or nitrate). Both structures show that carbon-hydrogen activation of acetone by 2-phenylpyridine-Au(III) complexes leads to the formation of acetonyl-Au(III) complexes. The Au-CH₂ bond lengths (2.067(7) Å, 1 and 2.059(5) Å, 2) are similar to each other but longer than the Au-C (phenyl) bond lengths. The two softest ligands (carbanion) are also cis to each other in the thermodynamically most stable isomer. In complex 3, the σ-bonded acetyl group is confirmed by ¹³C DEPT NMR spectroscopy.     

Synthesis and Structure of (Oxydiacetato)-nickel(II) Complex with Diaminobithiazole

1 INTRODUCTION The transition metal complexes with 2,2-diamino-4,4-bi-1,3-thiazole (DABT) and their derivatives are excellent soft mag- netic materials[1]. Structural investigation of these complexes is helpful to under- standing the relationship betwee…     

Synthesis and Structure of L-Aspartato-nickel(II) Complex with Benzimidazole

1INTRODUCTIONThereisgreatinterestinthecoordinationabili-tyofaminoacidtometalionsandhydrogenbondinginvolvedintheaminoacid[1].Asabinaryaminoacid,theasparticacidisespeciallyimportantfromeitherbiologicalorsimplecoordinativepointofview.Somereportsshowedthechan…     

A Nucleophilic Gold(III) Carbene Complex

The first Au^III carbene complex was prepared by reacting a geminal dianion with a (P,C) cyclometalated Au^III precursor. Its structure and bonding situation have been thoroughly investigated by experimental and computational means. The presence of a high‐energy highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) centered at the carbene center suggests nucleophilic character for the Au^III carbene complex. This unprecedented feature was confirmed by reactions with two electrophiles (PhNCS and CS₂), resulting in two types of C=C coupling reactions.     

一维链状镉配合物的合成及结构表征

在甲醇体系中合成了镉配合物[Cd(L)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂·MeOH (1)[L=1,3,5-三(3-吡啶基甲氧基)苯]。通过元素分析及X-射线单晶衍射对其进行了表征。结构分析结果表明该化合物属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数为a=1.057 1(5) nm,b=1.059 0(5) nm,c=1.270 8(7) nm,α=87.460(16)°,β=81.895(17)°,γ=62.326(14)°,晶胞体积V=1.247 0(11) nm³,Z=1,D_calc=1.569 g·cm^-3,F(000)=604,μ=6.26 cm^-1,R=0.035 2,wR=0.066 4。在化合物1中,每个Cd(II)的配位环境为变形八面体,而每个配体L通过其两个吡啶基团连接2个Cd(II)形成一维链状结构,并进一步通过O-H…N,O-H…O和C-H…O氢键作用形成了一个具有三维结构的超分子化合物。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Binuclear Oxomolybdenum(VI) Complex with Both o-Mercaptophenolate

1INTRoDUCTIONMolybdenumintheVandVIoxidationstatesformsaconsiderablenumberofoxocomplexes.Someofthemareactivecatalystsfortheoxidationoforganicsub-stracts[li'Allthesefactshavewidelyarousedchemists'interest.lnordertoobservetheeffectofthedonorgroupsonthedegreeofcomplexaggregationandonthecoor-dinationgeometry,thetitlecompoundwaspreparedbythereactionof(n-Bu'N)'-[Mo,O,,jwitho-mercaptophenolandthesinglecrystalswereobtained.Itcontainsa[Mo,O,j' core.Somereleventreportscanbefoundinthepreviousliter…     

Facile Synthesis of Gold Nanoplates by Citrate Reduction of AuCl4^- at Room Temperature

Metal and semiconductor nanoparticles with nonspherical shapes, such as wires1, cubes2,3 and belts4, have been drawing a great interest in scientific community as a result of their physical and chemical properties being distinctly different from conventio…