共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Murphy AC 《Natural product reports》2011,28(8):1406-1425
The depletion of fossil fuel stocks will prohibit their use as the main feedstock of future industrial processes. Biocatalysis is being increasingly used to reduce fossil fuel reliance and to improve the sustainability, efficiency and cost of chemical production. Even with their current small market share, biocatalyzed processes already generate approximately US$50 billion and it has been estimated that they could be used to produce up to 20% of fine chemicals by 2020. Until the advent of molecular biological technologies, the compounds that were readily accessible from renewable biomass were restricted to naturally-occurring metabolites. However, metabolic engineering has considerably broadened the range of compounds now accessible, providing access to compounds that cannot be otherwise reliably sourced, as well as replacing established chemical processes. This review presents the case for continued efforts to promote the adoption of biocatalyzed processes, highlighting successful examples of industrial chemical production from biomass and/or via biocatalyzed processes. A selection of emerging technologies that may further extend the potential and sustainability of biocatalysis are also presented. As the field matures, metabolic engineering will be increasingly crucial in maintaining our quality of life into a future where our current resources and feedstocks cannot be relied upon. 相似文献
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The European Reach legislation will possibly drive producers to develop newly designed chemicals that will be less persistent, bioaccumulative or toxic. If this innovation leads to an increased use of more hydrophilic chemicals it may result in higher mobilities of chemicals in the aqueous environment. As a result, the drinking water companies may face stronger demands on removal processes as the hydrophilic compounds inherently are more difficult to remove. Monitoring efforts will also experience a shift in focus to more water-soluble compounds. Screening source waters on the presence of (emerging) contaminants is an essential step in the control of the water cycle from source to tap water. In this article, some of our experiences are presented with the hybrid linear ion trap (LTQ) FT Orbitrap mass spectrometer, in the area of chemical water analysis. A two-pronged strategy in mass spectrometric research was employed: (i) exploring effluent, surface, ground- and drinking-water samples searching for accurate masses corresponding to target compounds (and their product ions) known from, e.g. priority lists or the scientific literature and (ii) full-scan screening of water samples in search of 'unknown' or unexpected masses, followed by MS(n) experiments to elucidate the structure of the unknowns. Applications of both approaches to emerging water contaminants are presented and discussed. Results are presented for target analysis search for pharmaceuticals, benzotriazoles, illicit drugs and for the identification of unknown compounds in a groundwater sample and in a polar extract of a landfill soil sample (a toxicity identification evaluation bioassay sample). The applications of accurate mass screening and identification described in this article demonstrate that the LC-LTQ FT Orbitrap MS is well equipped to meet the challenges posed by newly emerging polar contaminants. 相似文献
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A review is presented on recent applications of mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques for the analysis of compounds of food concern. Substances discussed are naturally occurring compounds in food products such as lipids, oligosaccharides, proteins, vitamins, flavonoids and related substances, phenolic compounds and aroma compounds. Among xenobiotics, applications of MS techniques for the analysis of pesticides, drug residues, toxins, amines and migrants from packaging are overviewed. Advances in the analysis of trace metals of nutritional and toxicological interest by MS with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source are presented. The main features of mass spectrometry combined with separation instruments are discussed in food-related analysis. Examples of mass spectrometry and tandem MS (MS-MS) are provided. The development and application of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and electrospray (ESI) to the analysis of peptides and proteins in food is discussed. This survey will attempt to cover the state-of-the-art up from 1999 to 2001. 相似文献
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Garcia-Jares C Regueiro J Barro R Dagnac T Llompart M 《Journal of chromatography. A》2009,1216(3):567-597
This article reviews recent literature on the analysis of several contaminants related to the industrial development in indoor air in the framework of the REACH project. In this second part, the attention is focused on emergent contaminants and biocides. Among these chemicals, phthalates, polybrominated and phosphate flame retardants, fragrances, pesticides, as well as other emerging pollutants, are increasing their environmental and health concern and are extensively found in indoor air. Some of them are suspected to behave as priority organic pollutants (POPs) and/or endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), and can be found both in air and associated to the suspended particulate matter (PM) and settled dust. Main literature considered for this review is from the last ten years, reporting analytical developments and applications regarding the considered contaminants in the indoor environment. Sample collection and pretreatment, analyte extraction or desorption, clean-up procedures, determination techniques, and performance results are summarized and discussed. 相似文献
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Peroxosulfates, peroxocarbonates and peroxophosphates form a group of powerful oxidants that can be synthesized electrochemically and used for the treatment of refractory compounds. Based on the latest studies in the bibliography, this critical review presents the potentialities and also the current limits of the electrosynthesis of these peroxo compounds coupled to their reactions with target compounds. The main parameters such as electrode material, use of additives, cell geometry, temperature and pH affecting the efficiency of the process will be discussed. To conclude, the new challenges and research perspectives in this theme to be performed will be presented before development at an industrial scale. 相似文献
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《Journal of Coordination Chemistry》2012,65(13):2264-2289
Schiff bases are aldehyde or ketone like compounds in which the carbonyl group is replaced by imine or azomethine group. They are widely used for industrial purposes and also exhibit a broad range as extractants. A general view of solvent extraction applications of complexes is discussed in this review. The family of Schiff bases and their extraction of various transition metals such as Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ga, Hg, Mn, Mo and Ni are discussed. A brief history of the synthesis and reactivity of Schiff bases will be presented. Factors on solvent extraction will be illustrated and discussed. 相似文献
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Applications of capillary electrophoresis to the determination of antibiotics in food and environmental samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ana M. García-Campaña Laura Gámiz-Gracia Francisco J. Lara Monsalud del Olmo Iruela Carmen Cruces-Blanco 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,395(4):967-986
In this paper we review applications of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to the determination of antibiotic residues in food
derived from animals and in environmental samples. Although many CE methods have been used to determine antibiotics in the
pharmaceutical field (drug quality control or therapeutic monitoring in biological samples), food and environmental applications
have been increasing in recent years. Due to the maximum residue limits established by the EU, in Directive 2377/90/EEC, for
foodstuffs of animal origin and considering the low levels that can be found in environmental or waste waters or soils, different
strategies to increase sensitivity have been developed, including off-line preconcentration, on-line stacking modes to use
higher sample volumes, or in-line solid-phase extraction. Also, several detection techniques, such as fluorescence, laser-induced
fluorescence, electrochemical detection, or mass spectrometry have been used; the last of these also enables unequivocal identification
of the residues, required by Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. All these aspects will be discussed in this paper, in relation
to the main groups of antibiotics used in veterinary and human medicine, for which applications in food and environmental
samples have been developed by using CE as an efficient alternative to liquid chromatography. 相似文献
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Antigoni Oreopoulou Evanthia Choulitoudi Dimitrios Tsimogiannis Vassiliki Oreopoulou 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(10)
Rosemary, oregano, pink savory, lemon balm, St. John’s wort, and saffron are common herbs wildly grown and easily cultivated in many countries. All of them are rich in antioxidant compounds that exhibit several biological and health activities. They are commercialized as spices, traditional medicines, or raw materials for the production of essential oils. The whole herbs or the residues of their current use are potential sources for the recovery of natural antioxidant extracts. Finding effective and feasible extraction and purification methods is a major challenge for the industrial production of natural antioxidant extracts. In this respect, the present paper is an extensive literature review of the solvents and extraction methods that have been tested on these herbs. Green solvents and novel extraction methods that can be easily scaled up for industrial application are critically discussed. 相似文献
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Effects of chemical, physical, and technological processes on the nature of food allergens 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A review is presented of studies of different processing techniques and their effect on the allergenicity and antigenicity of certain allergenic foods. An overview of investigated technologies is given with regard to their impact on the protein structure and their potential application in the production of hypoallergenic foods. The use of physical processes (such as heating, high pressure, microparticulation, ultrafiltration, and irradiation), chemical processes (such as proteolysis, fermentation, and refining by extraction), and biotechnological approaches, as well as the effects of these processes on individual allergenic foods, are included. Additionally, the implications of food processing for food allergen analysis with respect to food safety assessment and industrial quality control are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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Abstract
As a result of the deleterious effects of mycotoxins on human and animal health, and the consequently increasing stringency in the determination of food contamination levels, many researchers have focused their efforts on developing new devices for the detection of these compounds. Biosensors merit special mention due to their sensitivity, accuracy, cost-effectiveness and simplicity, not only of the construction, but also of the sample pre-treatment, if necessary, and the measurement step. Furthermore, biosensor arrays offer additional advantages, such as the possibility to measure multiple samples and provide multi-mycotoxin profiles in one assay. In this case, apart from shortening the analysis time, accuracy is improved by the assessment of matrix interferences and synergistic effects among mycotoxins. Biosensors and arrays for mycotoxins are thus promising biotechnological tools for mycotoxin detection in food. 相似文献14.
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Hydrophobins are surface active proteins that are produced by filamentous fungi. They are interesting from a Surf Sci point of view because some of their properties as surface active proteins are quite spectacular. In this review, recent advances in understanding these properties will be surveyed. We will attempt to define what the properties are that make them unique. As an understanding of both structure and function of hydrophobins is emerging we see that this is paving the way for industrial applications as well as an understanding of their biological functions.
Major recent advances
Recently there has been a clear increase in attempts to use hydrophobins in applications. We are starting to understand their unique properties as surfactants and especially applications related to the stability and development of foams and various surface treatments are emerging. There are several new reports on molecular structures as well on mechanisms of self-assembly. Hydrophobins have functions in biology that are far from understood, but also here techniques are developing and a broader understanding is emerging. 相似文献16.
Giovanna Brusatin Gioia Della Giustina 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2011,60(3):299-314
In this review hybrid organic–inorganic (HOI) resists as emerging materials alternative to organic polymers for micro and
nanolithography are presented and discussed. In particular, results on sol–gel materials belonging to 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane
based HOI are presented and reviewed, highlighting as various lithographic techniques can be used to pattern their surface
and showing examples of micro- and nano-patterned structures achieved with radiation assisted lithography (UV, X-rays and
electron beam) or imprint techniques. It will be demonstrated the particular versatility shown by some of these materials,
that in some case can be processed with all the lithographic methods herein considered, without any significant modification
of their main composition and synthesis procedure. Moreover, results about the investigation of interaction between radiation
and HOI materials and thermal treatment will be discussed, as well as possible synthesis strategies and composition modification
developed in order to improve efficiency of curing, tailor HOI properties to specific needs (optical properties, resist composition,
mechanical stability, etc.) and explore innovative and non conventional patterning techniques. The reported results highlight
as these novel materials, thanks to their solution processability and higher performances respect to commercial polymeric
resists, allow to use the above mentioned lithographic techniques in a direct patterning process, strongly simplifying conventional
technique and reducing their processing time and costs. 相似文献
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In the age of high-throughput biology, novel genes and proteins are emerging quickly. The need for developing organic synthesis-derived methods that allow rapid access to polyfunctional, complex natural product-like compounds is growing constantly, largely because these small-molecule-based compounds serve as smart, powerful tools both in understanding the roles and functions of emerging biological targets and in validating their biological responses. Developing asymmetric synthesis-derived organic reactions on solid phase allows the synthesis of complex natural product-like compounds in a high-throughput manner. Solid phase organic synthesis is now commonly utilized in the library synthesis of rather simple compounds (i.e., compounds with no multiple stereogenic centers). With few exceptions, the synthesis of complex natural product-like derivatives is still in its infancy. Some recent efforts made in this area indicate opportunities yet to be explored. 相似文献
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Arun K. Das Pramod Kumar Nanda Nilabja Roy Chowdhury Premanshu Dandapat Mohammed Gagaoua Pranav Chauhan Mirian Pateiro Jose M. Lorenzo 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(2)
In recent years, considerable importance is given to the use of agrifood wastes as they contain several groups of substances that are useful for development of functional foods. As muscle foods are prone to lipid and protein oxidation and perishable in nature, the industry is in constant search of synthetic free additives that help in retarding the oxidation process, leading to the development of healthier and shelf stable products. The by-products or residues of pomegranate fruit (seeds, pomace, and peel) are reported to contain bioactive compounds, including phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, dietary fibre, complex polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins, etc. Such compounds extracted from the by-products of pomegranate can be used as functional ingredients or food additives to harness the antioxidant, antimicrobial potential, or as substitutes for fat, and protein in various muscle food products. Besides, these natural additives are reported to improve the quality, safety, and extend the shelf life of different types of food products, including meat and fish. Although studies on application of pomegranate by-products on various foods are available, their effect on the physicochemical, oxidative changes, microbial, colour stabilizing, sensory acceptability, and shelf life of muscle foods are not comprehensively discussed previously. In this review, we vividly discuss these issues, and highlight the benefits of pomegranate by-products and their phenolic composition on human health. 相似文献
19.
Lijin Zhang Shaowen Liu Xinyi Cui Canping Pan Ailin Zhang Fang Chen 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2012,10(3):900-925
The pesticide residues in foods have received increasing attention as one of the most important food safety issues. Therefore,
more strict regulations on the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in foods have been established in many countries
and health organizations, based on the sensitive and reliable analysis methods of pesticide residues. However, the analysis
of pesticide residues is a continuing challenge mainly because of the small quantities of analytes as well as the large amounts
of interfering substances which can be co-extracted with them, often leading to experimental errors and damage to the analytical
instruments. Thus, extensive sample preparation is often required for the pesticide residue analysis for the effective extraction
of the analytes and removal of the interferences. This paper focuses on reviewing the recent development in the sample preparation
methods for the pesticide residue analysis in foods since 2006. The methods include: liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), supercritical-fluid
extraction (SFE), pressurized-liquid extraction (PLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction
(UAE), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), solid-phase extraction (SPE), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), matrix solid-phase
dispersion (MSPD), solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), QuEChERS, cloud point extraction (CPE) and liquid phase micro-extraction
(LPME), etc. Particularly their advantages, disadvantages and future perspectives will be discussed. 相似文献
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Sorptive pre-concentration of pesticide residues in food and environmental samples is increasingly gaining momentum. This can be attributed to fact that most sorptive extraction techniques are solvent-free as well as the availability of emerging sorbents with relatively high adsorption capacities. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are among the emerging sorbents that have captured the interests of many researchers during pesticide analysis. There are many types of MOFs that have been used by researchers to pre-concentrate pesticides in food and environmental samples. Some researchers have successfully used MIL-based MOFs during sorptive extraction of pesticides in complex matrices. This review gives a detailed discussion of their application during pesticide pre-concentration. Other researchers have used the ZIF series of MOFs for the sorptive pre-concentration of pesticides in food and environmental samples. The utilisation of the ZIF series of MOFs during pesticide pre-concentration is well-articulated in this review. The review also devoted to the application of UiO and HKUST series of MOFs during the pre-concentration of pesticides in food and environmental samples. In addition, the challenges associated with the use of MOFs during sorptive pre-concentration of pesticides are also discussed in this review. 相似文献