红外气体传感器多光路光学系统设计

在实验研究的基础上分析了采用红外发光二极管为光源的气体传感器在设计中应考虑的几个因素。对四种设计方案进行了比较 ,从而提出了双光源四探测器的新型多光路光学系统设计方案。采用这种光学系统不但可以对温度、环境、气室尘染、器件失配等引起的干扰进行补偿 ,而且还可以对由光源发光功率和探测器响应度变化引起的传感器灵敏度的波动进行补偿。对新光学系统进行的实验分析表明 ,该光学系统的长期工作稳定性和温度稳定性都优于其它设计方案     

Design of an optical sensor array for hydrocarbon monitoring

Evanescent field optical sensors are accurately designed for hydrocarbon monitoring in water. Various kinds of waveguide sensors are optimized by considering a polydimethylsiloxane polymeric overlay as sensor region. The simulation results suggest that the selection of a suitable waveguide cross section can enhance the sensor performance. In particular, the hollow waveguide sensor exhibits very intriguing performance, the absorbance being quite linear with respect to the contaminant concentration. For the toluene pollution the absorbance exhibits a slope S_TE^A = 2.52 ×10^-2 ppm^-1{S_{\rm TE}^{A} =2.52 \times 10^{-2}\,{\rm ppm}^{-1}} for a waveguide reference length L = 1.18 mm. In order to simultaneously detect different pollutants in water such as toluene, benzene, chlorobenzene and ethilbenzene, an array of four miniaturized hollow waveguide sensors is designed.     

Cascaded optical field enhancement in composite plasmonic nanostructures

We present composite plasmonic nanostructures designed to achieve cascaded enhancement of electromagnetic fields at optical frequencies. Our structures were made with the help of electron-beam lithography and comprise a set of metallic nanodisks placed one above another. The optical properties of reproducible arrays of these structures were studied by using scanning confocal Raman spectroscopy. We show that our composite nanostructures robustly demonstrate dramatic enhancement of the Raman signals when compared to those measured from constituent elements.     

环形激光弱磁传感器误差分析

本文从理论上分析了环形激光弱磁传感器主要误差因素并提出了若干克服这些因素的方法。这些误差因素是:大尺寸的法拉第室引入的噪声,磁光材料的费尔德常数的温度系数,塞曼效应的混入、朗谬尔效应等。     

Design and synthesis of plasmonic magnetic nanoparticles

Core–shell nanoparticles containing both iron oxide and gold are proposed for bioseparation applications. The surface plasmon resonance of gold makes it possible to track the positions of individual particles, even when they are smaller than the optical diffraction limit. The synthesis of water-dispersible iron oxide-gold nanoparticles is described. Absorption spectra show the plasmon peaks for Au shells on silica particles, suggesting that thin shells may be sufficient to impart a strong surface plasmon resonance to iron oxide-gold nanoparticles. Dark field optical microscopy illustrates the feasibility of single-particle detection. Calculations of magnetophoretic and drag forces for particles of different sizes reveal design requirements for effective separation of these small particles.     

Superconducting film flux transformer for a sensor of a weak magnetic field

The object of study is a superconducting film flux transformer in the form of a square shaped loop with the tapering operative strip used in a sensor of a weak magnetic field. The magnetosensitive film element based on the giant magnetoresistance effect is overlapped with the tapering operative strip of the flux transformer and is separated from the latter by an insulator film. It is shown that the topological nanostructuring of the operative strip of the flux transformer increases its gain factor by one or more orders of magnitude, i.e. increases its efficiency, which leads to a significant growth of important parameters of a magnetic field sensor.     

Concerning the shift of nonlinear optical resonances in a magnetic field

The shift of components of the magnetic hyperfine structure (MHS) of a vibrational-rotational molecular transition in a weak magnetic field is explored. The numerical data are given for the methane transition at λ=3.39 μm [theF ₂ ⁽²⁾ component of theP(7) line of thev ₃ band]. The shift of the line contour due to the magnetic field is found when the MHS components overlap.     

Development of optical fiber-based respiration sensor for noninvasive respiratory monitoring

In this study, two types of nasal-cavity-attached fiber-optic respiration sensors have been fabricated for noninvasive respiratory monitoring. One is a silver halide optical-fiber-based respiration sensor that can measure the variations of infrared radiation generated by the respiratory airflow from a nasal cavity. The other is a thermochromic-pigment-based fiber-optic respiration sensor that can measure the intensity of reflected light which changes owing to color variations of the temperature-sensing film according to the temperature difference between inspiratory and expiratory air. We have demonstrated the similarities of the respiratory signals using the fiber-optic respiration sensors and the temperature transducer of the BIOPAC? system. In addition, we verified that respiratory signals without the deterioration of the MR image can be obtained using the fiber-optic respiration sensors. It is anticipated that the proposed noninvasive fiberoptic respiration sensors will be highly effective for respiratory monitoring of a patient during MRI procedures.     

利用智能手机磁传感器测量亥姆霍兹线圈磁场

通过预实验确定智能手机磁传感器的位置后,用其测量亥姆霍兹线圈轴线的磁场分布,验证毕奥-萨伐尔定律及磁场的叠加原理,提供一种较为精确而简便的测量磁场的新方法.     

Resonant plasmonic and vibrational coupling in a tailored nanoantenna for infrared detection

A novel resonant mechanism involving the interference of a broadband plasmon with the narrowband vibration from molecules is presented. With the use of this concept, we demonstrate experimentally the enormous enhancement of the vibrational signals from less than one attomol of molecules on individual gold nanowires, tailored to act as plasmonic nanoantennas in the infrared. By detuning the resonance via a change in the antenna length, a Fano-type behavior of the spectral signal is observed, which is clearly supported by full electrodynamical calculations. This resonant mechanism can be a new paradigm for sensitive infrared identification of molecular groups.     

等离子体金属波导在外磁场调制下的传输模式

在通信系统中波导的设计向着多功能和可调制方向发展。波导基于等离子体金属材料在外磁场作用下设计平面波导。等离子体金属材料在外磁场作用下会产生表面等离子体激元和非互易传播双重功能。从基本的麦克斯韦方程和边界条件出发,详细推导了模式的色散方程,并根据模式特征进行了分类。波导具有明显的非互易传播和可调制的特性。     

微型太阳敏感器光学掩模的镀膜设计

太阳敏感器是空间飞行器进行姿态确定和方位测定的重要器件，传统太阳敏感器大而重，无法应用到微小卫星特别是皮纳卫星上。介绍了基于CMOS APS探测器的微型太阳敏感器的工作原理，基于黑体辐射理论和太阳光谱特性，结合CMOS APS探测器工作特性，分析给出了这种敏感器像元表面产生光电子数的计算方法，并采用Matlab软件，编程计算了地球表面太阳垂直入射条件下，探测器像元表面产生的光电子数。采用光学薄膜设计方法，分析设计了掩模表面光学薄膜的膜系结构，计算了各膜层的透射特性。在此基础上，得到了基于CMOS APS探测器微型太阳敏感器光学掩模的光学薄膜的设计方法，最后给出了设计结果。     

High-sensitivity optical monitoring of a micromechanical resonator with a quantum-limited optomechanical sensor

We experimentally demonstrate the high-sensitivity optical monitoring of a micromechanical resonator and its cooling by active control. Coating a low-loss mirror upon the resonator, we have built an optomechanical sensor based on a very high-finesse cavity (30 000). We have measured the thermal noise of the resonator with a quantum-limited sensitivity at the 10(-19) m/sqrt[Hz] level, and cooled the resonator down to 5 K by a cold-damping technique. Applications of our setup range from quantum optics experiments to the experimental demonstration of the quantum ground state of a macroscopic mechanical resonator.     

Multiphonon optical transitions in size-limited systems in a magnetic field

A study has been performed of optical multiphonon transitions in undoped size-limited systems in a magnetic field aligned with the spatial quantization axis. A theory is proposed which allows one to describe the half-width of the luminescence curve for isolated quantum wells and investigate the frequency and temperature dependence of the light absorption coefficient in the long-wavelength region. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 116, 2069–2078 (December 1999)     

Study on a MEMS silicon-based non-silicon mirror for an optical switch

A micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) silicon-based non-silicon mirror for a 2D optical switch is designed, fabricated and measured. The result shows that the mirror has good reflective performance. And driven by static electricity, it can rotate more than 10° at voltage less than 15 V. This kind of novel mirror will have good potential applications for MEMS optical switches.     

Speckle-pattern rotation in a few-mode optical fiber in a longitudinal magnetic field

The process of rotation of a speckle pattern at the output of a few-mode optical fiber in a longitudinal magnetic field is mathematically modeled. It is shown that the deviation from a linear relation between the rotation angle of a speckle pattern at the output of a few-mode fiber and the fiber length in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field results from a specific dependence of polarization corrections to the propagation constants of TE and TM modes. The calculation results are compared with the results of an experiment on determining the rotation angle of a speckle pattern as a function of magnetic field in a fiber of constant length.     

Theoretical study of a magnetoresistive magnetic field transmitter with a ring sensor

Theoretical results are presented concerning the performance of thin-film anisotropic magnetoresistive magnetic field sensors with a single- and multilayered ring configuration. A mathematical model is proposed that allows analytical calculation of magnetization fields, is suitable for sensor optimization, and requires a reasonable amount of computing time. A system of equations is derived for the magnetization angle of rotation. On this basis, the response, sensitivity, and angular characteristics of particular sensors are optimized.     

Wideband omnidirectional infrared absorber with a patchwork of plasmonic nanoantennas

In this Letter, we demonstrate experimentally that a patchwork of four metal-insulator-metal patches leads to an unpolarized wideband omnidirectional infrared absorption. Our structure absorbs 70% of the incident light on a 2.5 μm bandwidth at 8.5 μm. It paves the way to the design of wideband efficient plasmonic absorbers in the infrared spectrum.     

Specific features of the reflection of infrared radiation by crystalline dielectrics in a magnetic field

Magnetic-field-induced variations in the reflection spectra R(λ) of the crystalline dielectrics Al₂O₃, LiF, and MgO in the infrared band (λ = 2.5–25 μm) are investigated. It is found that the reflection spectra exhibit specific features in the neighborhood of wavelengths corresponding to the excitation of optical phonon modes in the above-mentioned crystals and that a magnetic field causes an appreciable variation in the reflectivity at these wavelengths. To qualitatively describe the effect of a magnetic field on the reflection of light, the magnetoreflection spectra ΔR/R are investigated. The spectra ΔR/R exhibit sharp peaks in the neighborhood of wavelengths at which the materials under investigation are characterized by minimal reflectivity. The values of ΔR/R for p-polarized infrared radiation in a magnetic field of about 12 kOe amount to about 0.5% for Al₂O₃ at λ ≈ 9.6 μm, 7% for LiF at λ ≈ 11.1 μm, and 0.07% for MgO at λ ≈ 11.7 μm.     

Effects of a magnetic field on the optical properties of dielectric mirrors

We have measured the changes in the polarization state of a monochromatic (λ=514.5 nm) light beam on reflection at normal incidence by a multilayer dielectric mirror placed in a time-modulated magnetic field. The dominant effect is a Faraday rotationΦ?3.7×10^?10 rad/G. The sensitivity (around 40Hz) obtained is \( \simeq 6 \times 10^{ - 9} {\text{ rad/}}\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} \) which is dominated by the shot-noise limit (100 mW of light power).