中国营养平衡米膳治疗肾衰病人的Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se平衡论证

采用营养调查方法 ,对门诊 30例血透肾衰患者进行了调查 ,并对其进食中国营养平衡米膳改善Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se不平衡进行了论证。结果表明 ,临床表现为面黄肌瘦 ,苍白 ,浮肿 ,疲劳 ,消瘦 ,虚弱 ,无力 ,食欲不振 ,恶心呕吐 ,头晕 ,皮肤瘙痒 ,肌肉震颤 ,手足麻木 ,无精神等明显的营养不良 ,平均体重 5 3 5kg ,皮脂厚度 1 1 2cm ,检验为血清总蛋白 67 31mg dL ,白蛋白 37 4 9mg dL ,RBC 2 4 1× 1 0 12 /L ;氮质血症 (x) :BUN 31mmol l,Cr 1 0 0 2 6μmol L。膳食中平均每人每日微量元素摄入量为 :Fe 1 7 99mg ,Zn 1 0 35mg ,Se 5 9 2 2 μg,Cu 1 71mg ,Mn3 95mg ,以肾衰患者RDA标准评价 ,Zn、Cu未达到RDA ,Fe ,偏高 ,Mn、Se达标。证明血透肾衰患者微量元素营养不平衡。RDA标准评价分别为 1 5 0 %、 69%、 1 1 8%、 86%、 1 5 8%。若改食中国营养平衡米膳 ,Fe、Zn、Se、Cu、Mn摄入量分别为 1 9 74mg、 2 4 64mg、 1 78mg、4 0 9mg ,达标率分别为 1 65 %、 1 64%、 1 5 7%、 89%、 1 64% ,则全部达标率近 90 %以上 ,且比原来膳食中元素平衡 ,证明营养平衡米膳的Fe、Zn、Se、Cu、Mn均与RDA标准模式平衡。因此 ,建议血透肾衰患者进食中国营养平衡米膳 ,可望改善其微量元素营养不平衡状况 ,提高生存质     

血透患者微量元素营养状况初步探讨

对门诊维持性血透肾衰患者进行了膳食营养调查。结果表明：（1）在临床检查中发现,血透肾衰患者面黄肌瘦,面色苍白,浮肿,疲劳;体质虚弱,四肢无力;精神不振,具有明显的营养不良的临床表现。（2）在膳食调查中发现,每人每日营养素摄入量为蛋白质41．54mg,热量5288kJ,钙104mg、铁4．86mg和锌8．86mg、硒35μg、铜2．28mg、锰2．86mg、镁76．50mg、磷448mg、钾752mg和钠1385．4mg;视黄醇当量368μg、vitarmin B10.58mg、vitamin B20.39mg、vitarnin C51mg、vitaminPP12.60mg和vitaminE0.38mg。提示血透肾衰患者蛋白质－热量营养不良,K、Na过量,而Ca、Mg、P等宏量元素和Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se等微量元素和RE、vitamin B1、vitamin B2、vitamin C均未达到RDA要求。原因是主食营养不平衡。因此,建议对血透肾衰患者进食主食营养平衡米（NBR）和制订平衡食谱,开展透析日营养治疗和病人家庭营养治疗。改善血透肾衰患者微量元素营养状况。     

开发中国营养平衡米提高老人健康水平

介绍了广州老人进食中国营养平衡米(下称平衡米)的效果.营养调查发现,180例广州老人Ca、P、Fe、Zn和Se摄入量分别为403、807、17、14 mg和46 μg,说明老人Ca、Zn、Se不足.原因是主食籼米矿物质营养不平衡.建议进食营养平衡米后,老人Ca、P、Fe、Zn 和 Se 摄入量分别提高到1 153、863、45、45 mg和111 μg,结果表明,进食平衡米可以提高广州老人矿物质营养水平,致使老人健康长寿.对此,建议开发和推广食用中国营养平衡米.     

广州老人进食中国营养平衡米的营养调查

介绍了广州老人进食中国营养平衡米（简称平衡米）的效果。营养调查发现，广州老人Ca,P,Fe,Zn和Se摄入量分别为403，807，17，14mg/d/人和46μg/d/人，说明老人Ca,Zn,Se不足，原因是主食籼米矿物质营养不平衡，进食平衡米后。老人Ca,P,Fe,Zn和Se摄入量分别提高到1153，863，45，45mg/d/人和111μg/d/人。结果说明，进食平衡米可以提高广州老人矿物质营养水平，使老人健康长寿。     

排球运动员大强度训练期间血清七种微量元素变化的分析

为研究一个月大强度训练期间排球运动员血清微量元素含量的变化 ,分别收集了 2 0名排球运动员不同训练时段的血清样本 ,应用等离子体发射光谱法测定了Se、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg、Mn的含量。结果表明 ,训练期间运动员血清Zn、Fe、Mg含量明显下降 (P <0 0 1～ 0 0 5 ) ;而Cu、Se、Ca、Mn含量均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。提示大强度训练期间 ,要保证运动员有充足的营养饮食和及时适量补充丢失的微量元素     

中学生营养平衡米膳食最佳模式评价

根据中国营养学会推荐的热量标准,研制了中学生营养平衡米膳食最佳模式。按该模式,中学生每日应摄入的膳食品种及其数量如下:主食:营养平衡米,初中男生510~597g,女生468~510g;高中男生618~683g,女生532~575g;副食相同:青菜或水果500g或600g,鱼或肉100g或50g,蛋类40g,大豆制品30g,花生油12.5g,盐6g。调查结果表明,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物,热量摄入量全部达标准要求。Q(蛋白质)∶Q(脂肪)∶Q(碳水化合物):高中男女生为16∶20∶64,初中男、女生分别为17∶20∶63。提示中学生营养平衡米膳食最佳模式使中学生达到营养平衡,建议推广食用。     

108例甲状腺功能障碍患者全血9种元素相关性研究

通过原子吸收光谱技术对68例治疗前甲亢病人(A组)，35例治疗后甲亢病人(B组)，5例甲减病人(C组)及74例正常人(D组）全血多种微量元素测定分析，结果显示：D组Cu与Al，Mg与Mn正相关；Al与Zn、Se负相关；A组Fe与Zn、Ca，Ca与TT4。Cu与Mn正相关，TT与Zn、Cr负相关。B组Fe与Zn、Cu、Mg，Zn与Cu、Mn、Mg与Ca、Se、Se与TT3正相关。     

平顶山矿区小学生膳食与营养状况分析

为了解平顶山矿区儿童的营养现状，以便对其膳食指导特别是微量元素的营养指导提供科学依据，整群抽取平顶山矿区某小学住宅生134名，采用5日称重法进行膳食调查；原子吸收光谱法测定血清钙、铁、锌含量。结果表明，蛋白质、热量、Fe、Zn的摄入量可达RNI规定；而Ca的摄入量不足，仅达BNI的45．6％。血清Ca、Zn、Fe值低于正常参考值范围的检出率分别为17．9％、2．3％、1．5％。可见该小学生住宅生钙摄入不足，缺钙现象较为普遍，应调整膳食结构，增加含钙丰富的食物。     

牡蛎、缢蛏和菲律宾蛤仔中微量元素的分析研究

采用硝酸-高氯酸法消解样品,应用ICP—AES法测定了牡蛎、缢蛏和菲律宾蛤仔中Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni、Se、Sr、V和Zn共12种微量元素。实验结果表明,3种贝类中均含有大量的Ca、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Mg,还含有Co、Cr、Ni、Se、Sr和V等对人体有益的微量元素,是营养价值较高的海产品,可以作为人体补充微量元素的重要来源。     

Experimental Study on the Mechaism of Siwei Gantai Granules Anti-Tumor Based on Metallomics

为探讨基于金属组学四味肝泰颗粒抑制荷瘤小鼠瘤组织生长的作用机制,采用腋下注射小鼠腹水瘤细胞S180的方法建立模型,将小鼠随机分为5组,灌胃给药,10 d后处死,收集小鼠瘤组织,并用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪( ICP - MS)测定样品中Mg、Al、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Se等10种微量元素含量.运用主成分分析方法进行了统计学分析.结果表明,Ca、Mn、Ni、Zn、Se是四味肝泰治疗肿瘤的主要相关微量元素.提示四味肝泰作用机制可能与Ca、Mn、Ni、Zn、Se几种微量元素有关.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。