Preparation of Magnetically Recyclable Yolk/Shell FexOy/PdPt@CeO2 Nanoreactors with Enhanced Catalytic Activity

Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have recently received considerable attention from researchers working in the field of catalysis. However, the development of new methods allowing these materials to reach their maximum catalytic properties remains challenging. Nanoreactors could lead to dramatic improvements in activity with the help of the intrinsic confinement effect. In this study, we designed a series of yolk/shell Fe_xO_y/PdPt@CeO₂ composites, where the Fe_xO_y NPs acted as a movable core, allowing for the uniform distribution of the PdPt alloys on the inner surface of the CeO₂ shell. The high porosity and existence of hollow voids in the CeO₂ shell allowed these Fe_xO_y/PdPt@CeO₂ composites to be used as nanoreactors in catalytic reactions. As well this confinement effect, we identified two structural features that led to enhanced catalytic activity, including (i) the replacement of monometallic NPs with a bimetallic PdPt alloy and (ii) the replacement of a chemically inert support with a reactive CeO₂ shell. The resulting nanoassembled catalysts displayed higher activities toward the catalytic reduction of dyes than the reference samples. Moreover, these catalysts were readily recovered and reused because of the magnetic Fe_xO_y core.     

Highly Selective and Stable Reduction of CO2 to CO by a Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrocatalyst

A stable and selective electrocatalyst for CO₂ reduction was fabricated by covalently attaching graphitic carbon nitride onto multiwall carbon nanotubes (g‐C₃N₄/MWCNTs). The as‐prepared composite is able to reduce CO₂ exclusively to CO with a maximum Faraday efficiency of 60 %, and no decay in the catalytic activity was observed even after 50 h of reaction. The enhanced catalytic activity towards CO₂ reduction is attributed to the formation of active carbon–nitrogen bonds, high specific surface area, and improved material conductivity of the g‐C₃N₄/MWCNT composite.     

一种具有低SO2氧化活性并满足欧V排放标准的柴油车氧化型催化剂

制备了具有高性能的稀土储氧材料Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂-Al₂O₃,Ti_0.9Zr_0.1O₂复合材料和Cr改性的β分子筛(Cr-β分子筛),并以此制备了单Pt型柴油车尾气净化氧化型催化剂.低温N₂吸附-脱附、储氧量测试结果表明,Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂-Al₂O₃样品具有较大的比表面积和优异的储氧性能,Ti_0.9Zr_0.1O₂复合材料也具有优越的织构性能.催化剂对HC和CO具有较高的催化活性,可使SOF在140℃开始转化,且具有较低的SO₂氧化活性.在YC4F国Ⅳ柴油机的测试结果表明,经该催化剂处理后的尾气排放能够满足欧Ⅴ排放标准对HC和CO排放要求.     

Preparation of ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2 and Its Application in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3

TiO₂,ZrO₂-TiO₂,andZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area measurements (BET), temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD), oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). The results showed that ZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ exhibited large number of surface strong acid, possessed some oxygen storage capacity, and strong redox property. The three materials were used as supports and the monolith catalysts were prepared with 1% (w) V₂O₅ and 9% (w)WO₃ for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia in the presence of excessive O₂, and the results of catalytic activity showed that the catalyst used ZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ as support yielded nearly 100% NO conversion at 275 °C at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 10000 h⁻¹, and it had the best catalytic activity and showed great potential for practical application.     

Layered Crystalline and Amorphous Platinum Disulfide (PtS2): Contrasting Electrochemistry

Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as MoS₂ and WS₂ have been extensively studied for various applications while few studies have delved into other TMDs such as platinum dichalcogenides. In this work, layered crystalline and amorphous platinum disulfide (PtS₂) were synthesized, characterised and their fundamental electrochemical properties were investigated. Both materials exhibited inherent oxidation and reduction reactions which would limit their operating potential window for sensing applications. Amorphous phase materials are considered to be promising electrocatalysts due to the porous, and nanostructured morphology with high concentration of unsaturated active sites. The electrocatalytic performances towards oxygen reduction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) of crystalline and amorphous PtS₂ were analysed. Amorphous PtS₂ was found to exhibit superior electrocatalytic performances towards ORR and HER as compared to crystalline PtS₂. For HER, amorphous and crystalline PtS₂ have overpotential values of 0.30 V and 0.70 V (vs. RHE) at current density of 10 mA cm⁻², respectively. The influence of electrochemical reduction pre-treatment on their catalytic behaviours was also investigated. Electrochemical reduction pre-treatment on both crystalline and amorphous PtS₂ removed the oxidized sulfate groups and increased the proportion of Pt⁰ oxidation state which exposed more catalytic sites. As such, these materials were activated and displayed improved ORR and HER performances. Electrochemically reduced amorphous PtS₂ outperformed the untreated counterparts and exhibited the best HER performance with overpotential of 0.17 V (vs. RHE) at current density of −10 mA cm⁻². These findings provide insights into the electrochemical properties of noble metal PtS₂ in both crystalline and amorphous states which can be activated by electrochemical reduction pre-treatment.     

Conversion of CuO Nanoplates into Porous Hybrid Cu2O/Polypyrrole Nanoflakes through a Pyrrole‐Induced Reductive Transformation Reaction

Porous hybrid Cu₂O/polypyrrole nanoflakes have been synthesized from solid CuO nanoplate templates through the pyrrole‐induced reductive transformation reaction at elevated temperature. The conversion mechanism involves the reductive transformation of CuO to Cu₂O and the in situ oxidative polymerization of pyrrole to polypyrrole. In addition, the morphology of the as‐converted nanohybrids depends on the shape of the CuO precursors. The strategy enables us to transform single‐crystalline CuO nanosheets into hollow hybrid Cu₂O/polypyrrole nanoframes. The ability to transform CuO and an organic monomer into porous hybrid materials of conducting polymer and Cu₂O with macrosized morphological retention opens up interesting possibilities to create novel nanostructures. Electrochemical examinations show that these porous hybrid Cu₂O/polypyrrole nanostructures exhibit efficient catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), excellent methanol tolerance ability, and catalytic stability in alkaline solution, thus making them promising nonprecious‐metal‐based catalysts for ORR in alkaline fuel cells and metal–air batteries.     

ZnO添加量对Pd/Zr0.5Al0.5O1.75催化剂净化稀燃天然气汽车尾气性能的影响

以掺杂不同含量ZnO的Zr_0.5Al_0.5O_1.75为载体,制备了系列1.5%Pd催化剂.在模拟稀燃天然气汽车尾气条件下,测试了催化剂的活性和抗水性,并用N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、H₂程序升温还原和X射线光电子能谱等手段对催化剂进行了系统表征.研究结果表明,ZnO的添加及添加量对催化剂的活性和抗H₂O性有明显影响,其中以ZnO添加量为15%时制备的复合氧化物为载体的催化剂活性最佳.当模拟尾气中不含H₂O时,该催化剂对甲烷的起燃温度（T₅₀）和完全转化温度（T₉₀）分别为278和314℃;在含H₂O时,该催化剂的T₅₀和T₉₀分别为342和371℃.     

Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO on Ag/SnO2 by a Synergistic Effect of Morphology and Structural Defects

Silver (Ag)-based materials are considered to be promising materials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to produce CO, but the selectivity and efficiency of traditional polycrystalline Ag materials are insufficient; there still exists a great challenge to explore novel modified Ag based materials. Herein, a nanocomposite of Ag and SnO₂ (Ag/SnO₂) for efficient reduction of CO₂ to CO is reported. HRTEM and XRD patterns clearly demonstrated the lattice destruction of Ag and the amorphous SnO₂ in the Ag/SnO₂ nanocomposite. Electrochemical tests indicated the nanocomposite containing 15% SnO₂ possesses highest catalytic selectivity featured by a CO faradaic efficiency (FE) of 99.2% at −0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs RHE) and FE>90% for the CO product at a wide potential range from −0.8 V to −1.4 V vs RHE. Experimental characterization and analysis showed that the high catalytic performance is attributed to not only the branched morphology of Ag/SnO₂ nanocomposites (NCs), which endows the maximum exposure of active sites, but also the special adsorption capacity of abundant defect sites in the crystal for *COOH (the key intermediate of CO formation), which improves the intrinsic activity of the catalyst. But equally important, the existed SnO₂ also plays an important role in inhibiting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anchoring defect sites. This work demonstrates the use of crystal defect engineering and synergy in composite to improve the efficiency of electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR).     

Catalytic reduction of nitric monoxide by ethene over Ag/TiO2 in the presence of excess oxygen

Selective reduction of nitric oxide (NO) by ethene in the presence of excess oxygen was investigated using a silver supported on TiO₂ (Ag/TiO₂) catalyst. Ag/TiO₂ showed high catalytic activity for the reduction of NO to N₂ and N₂O. The activity for the reduction of NO to N₂ and N₂O was enhanced with an increase up to 3 wt.% Ag loading level. On increasing the concentration of ethene, the catalytic activity for the reduction of NO to N₂ and N₂O was enhanced. The reduction of NO over Ag/TiO₂ catalyst never proceeds without coexistent oxygen.     

Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with Propene over Au/Fe2O3/Al2O3 Catalysts

A series of Au/Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by the homogeneous deposition-precipitation method. The catalytic activity of the catalyst samples for selective catalytic reduction of NO by propene under oxygen-rich atmosphere was evaluated. The results showed that 2%Au/10%Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ exhibited good low-temperature activity. The maximum of NO conversion reached 43% at 300 °C, while it was only 21% over the 2%Au/Al₂O₃ catalyst at the same temperature. The addition of 2% steam to the feed gas had little effect on the catalytic activity. X-ray diffraction results indicated that both Au and Fe₂O₃ particles were highly dispersed over Al₂O₃. H₂-temperature-programmed reduction results indicated that there was strong interaction between Au and Fe₂O₃, which made the reduction of Fe₂O₃ easy. The synergistic effect between Au and Fe₂O₃ was probably responsible for the good catalytic performance of the Au/Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst at low temperature.     

国产航空煤油裂解催化剂Pt/ZrxTixAl1-2xO2的性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Zr_xTi_xAl_1-2xO₂复合氧化物载体材料,考察了其作为裂解催化剂载体对航空煤油裂解反应的影响.?采用全自动吸附仪、X射线衍射、扫描电镜/能谱仪联用、NH₃-程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征.?结果表明,当ZrO₂：TiO₂：Al₂O₃质量比为1：1：3时催化剂具有最大的比表面积和孔容;具有最强的表面酸性和最集中的强酸中心密度,且具有良好的再生功能.?实验结果表明,载体ZrO₂：TiO₂：Al₂O₃质量比为1：1：3时催化剂上650?℃裂解产气量较热裂解提高了2.1倍,700?℃时提高1.4倍.?另外,该系列载体材料经1000?℃焙烧5?h后,所制得的催化剂几乎失去了催化活性.     

Tailoring Copper Nanocrystals towards C2 Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Favoring the CO₂ reduction reaction (CO2RR) over the hydrogen evolution reaction and controlling the selectivity towards multicarbon products are currently major scientific challenges in sustainable energy research. It is known that the morphology of the catalyst can modulate catalytic activity and selectivity, yet this remains a relatively underexplored area in electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Here, we exploit the material tunability afforded by colloidal chemistry to establish unambiguous structure/property relations between Cu nanocrystals and their behavior as electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction. Our study reveals a non‐monotonic size‐dependence of the selectivity in cube‐shaped copper nanocrystals. Among 24 nm, 44 nm and 63 nm cubes tested, the cubes with 44 nm edge length exhibited the highest selectivity towards CO2RR (80 %) and faradaic efficiency for ethylene (41 %). Statistical analysis of the surface atom density suggests the key role played by edge sites in CO2RR.     

Insight into copper-mordenite–silica mixtures (CuMOR–SiO2)

A series of ternary CuMOR–SiO₂ mixed materials were prepared by two synthesis approaches (CuMOR1–y–SiO₂ and CuMOR2–y–SiO₂). Extensive characterization was done for both series and some selected materials were tested in CO catalytic oxidation and NO reduction. The presence of CuMOR and SiO₂ segregated phases was observed in both series by XRD, suggesting that silica formation was not inhibited by the mordenite (MOR) presence. UV–Vis results exhibited that Cu ion exchange was successfully done for CuMOR1–y–SiO₂ series. In the CuMOR2–y–SiO₂ series, the amount of copper was below the sensitivity limit of EDS analysis. CuMOR1–50%–SiO₂ catalyst resulted with higher specific surface area and catalytic activity. A possible relation between reduction temperature, the increase in Cu plasmon excitation, and catalytic activity was observed.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备NixCo1-xCoAlO4尖晶石型复合氧化物及其催化分解N2O性能

用溶胶凝胶法制备了一组Ni_xCo_1-xCoAlO₄尖晶石型复合氧化物,并采用表面润湿浸渍K₂CO₃溶液进行了K掺杂改性,用于有氧气氛下的N₂O催化分解反应.采用N₂物理吸附、X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、H₂-程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了催化剂组成、母液pH值、K负载量等制备参数对其催化活性的影响.结果表明,母液pH值为3、K/(Ni+Co)物质的量比为0.1的K/Ni_0.15Co_0.85CoAlO₄催化剂具有较高的N₂O分解活性,450 ℃ N₂O可完全分解.助剂K的加入弱化了催化剂表面金属氧键,提高了催化剂的还原性、催化活性和抗水性.     

Nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2

Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ provides a sustainable solution to address the intermittent renewable electricity storage while recycling CO₂ to produce fuels and chemicals. Highly efficient catalytic materials and reaction systems are required to drive this process economically. This Review highlights the new trends in advancing the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ by developing and designing nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts. The activity, selectivity and reaction mechanism are significantly affected by the nano effects in nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts. In the future, energy efficiency and current density in electrochemical reduction of CO₂ need to be further improved to meet the requirements for practical applications.     

离子液体中电生成CoIL催化行为研究

在离子液体中, 研究了CoL(钴希夫碱配合物)的电化学行为, 并进一步探讨了其对氯苄还原以及PhCH₂Cl与CO₂反应的催化特性. CoL在离子液体中呈现一对由扩散控制的单电子可逆氧化还原峰. 通过电化学行为研究发现, 其氧化还原峰电位不易随金属有机配合物的配体和离子液体阴离子的变化而变化, 并求得了相应的扩散系数. 同时, 循环伏安图表明该体系能对PhCH₂Cl的还原起催化作用, 反应经历一个ECE过程. 另外, 该体系还能催化PhCH₂Cl与CO₂反应, 通过恒电位电解得到(PhCH₂)₂CO, 说明常温常压下, CO₂可以通过CoL催化在离子液体中进行固定, 得到新的有机化合物.     

Polyampholytic Graft Copolymers as Matrix for TiO2/Eosin Y/[Mo3S13]2− Hybrid Materials and Light-Driven Catalysis

An effective strategy to enhance the performance of inorganic semiconductors is moving towards organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Here, we report the design of core–shell hybrid materials based on a TiO₂ core functionalized with a polyampholytic (poly(dehydroalanine)-graft-(n-propyl phosphonic acid acrylamide) shell (PDha-g-PAA@TiO₂). The PDha-g-PAA shell facilitates the efficient immobilization of the photosensitizer Eosin Y (EY) and enables electronic interactions between EY and the TiO₂ core. This resulted in high visible-light-driven H₂ generation. The enhanced light-driven catalytic activity is attributed to the unique core–shell design with the graft copolymer acting as bridge and facilitating electron and proton transfer, thereby also preventing the degradation of EY. Further catalytic enhancement of PDha-g-PAA@TiO₂ was possible by introducing [Mo₃S₁₃]²⁻ cluster anions as hydrogen-evolution cocatalyst. This novel design approach is an example for a multi-component system in which reactivity can in future be independently tuned by selection of the desired molecular or polymeric species.     

Ce助剂对V/SiO2催化CO2氧化乙苯脱氢性能的影响

通过N₂吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、CO₂程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD)和热重分析(TGA)等多种表征手段和催化反应性能评价,研究了铈助剂的添加对V/SiO₂催化CO₂氧化乙苯脱氢性能的影响. 结果表明,Ce助剂不仅提高了催化剂活性组分分散性和氧化还原性能,抑制了钒物种的深度还原,而且增强了催化剂碱性和CO₂吸附能力,减缓了积炭生成,从而显著提高了V-Ce/SiO₂对CO₂氧化乙苯脱氢反应的催化活性和稳定性. 在本实验中,V(0.8)-Ce(0.25)/SiO₂催化剂表现出最佳的催化性能,苯乙烯(ST)收率可达55.6%,选择性为98.5%,反应12 h 后,催化剂活性基本不变,与惰性N₂气氛比较,CO₂明显促进了乙苯脱氢反应,归因于CO₂能保持催化剂表面钒物种的高价态.     

合成方法对Rh/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3催化剂的结构、表面性能及DeNOx活性的影响

用沉积沉淀法合成两种不同系列的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3混合氧化物(ZrO2和La2O3沉积CeO2粒子(标记为A-x)以及CeO2和La2O3沉积ZrO2粒子(标记为B-x)),并用作Rh催化剂的载体。XRD、拉曼、TPR、XPS和O2脉冲等表征结果显示出不同的沉积顺序将导致不同的结构和氧化还原性能,且B-x具有更高的氧迁移性、储氧能力和表面Ce浓度。当其负载Rh后,Rh/B-x催化剂具有更高的NO和CO转化率及N2选择性,且Ce的最佳含量为50at%。这可能归因于Rh负载于富铈表面形成更多有利于NO分解的表面Ce3+活性位。     

SO42-/SnO2-Fe2O3固体酸催化下的环酮Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应及缩合反应

采用共沉淀的方法制备了不同Fe 掺杂量的SO₄^2-/SnO₂-Fe₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂. 利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱, 粉末X射线衍射(XRD), N₂吸附-脱附实验(BET), 热重(TG)分析和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对样品进行了表征. 考察了所得催化剂对4-叔丁基环己酮与乙二醇缩合反应的催化性能. 实验结果表明, 与未经过掺杂改性的SO₄^2-/SnO₂固体酸催化剂相比, 改性后催化剂的催化性能得到了改善. 研究了以Fe/Sn 摩尔比为0.5的SO₄^2-/SnO₂-Fe₂O₃固体酸为催化剂, 部分醛酮类化合物与乙二醇及1,2-丙二醇的缩合反应. 考察了反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响. 同时, 将所得催化剂应用于环酮Baeyer-Villiger 氧化反应中, 催化剂表现出良好的催化活性, 且催化剂具有一定的循环使用性.