非均质动压巷道的一种新型支架

本文介绍了一种适用于受采动影响的非均质岩石巷道维护的多铰可缩U型钢支架。文中阐述了多铰可缩支架的设计原理、结构特点和计算方法; 进行了实验室和井下工业性试验, 取得了良好的支护效果。分析和试验表明, 多铰可缩U型钢支架兼有铰接支架和可缩支架两者的优点; 承载力大, 能自动调节载荷, 适应不均匀的多变地压; 具有可缩性好, 复用率高, 架设与回收方便等特点, 是国内外首创的新型支架。     

软岩条件下大断面巷道支护技术的实践与研究

为进一步研究软岩条件下大断面巷道围岩的变形机制和破坏特征, 确定合理有效的支护形式和支护参数, 选取高家梁煤矿的大断面顺槽为研究对象, 在确定巷道断面形状和尺寸的基础上, 运用现场监测、数值模拟的方法, 确定了锚-网-索联合支护系统. 现场实践结果表明: 该支护形式和支护参数有效地控制了围岩的变形, 支护效果好, 经济合理, 安全可靠, 具有较高的应用价值, 此类支护系统为解决软岩内大断面巷道围岩变形大、稳定性差、巷道难以维护的问题提供了一条新思路.     

变刚度梁弯曲解析解在桥面板中的应用

针对新型连续窄幅钢箱梁-混凝土组合桥梁,研究了该桥型桥梁的桥面板拉应力控制方法与措施．将该桥型组合桥梁等效为可变刚度的Euler梁,给出任意横向荷载作用下变刚度梁的静力弯曲解析通解,并得到三跨连续阶梯型变刚度梁变形及其内力分布特征．在此基础上,以三跨连续窄幅钢箱梁-混凝土组合桥梁为研究对象,考虑下部钢箱梁与上部混凝土桥面板完全剪力连接,通过改变负弯矩区钢箱梁壁厚、内部充填混凝土的强度、长度与高度等参数,分析得到可有效控制桥面板拉应力的关键因素．结果显示：在负弯矩区段内的钢箱梁内部充填混凝土对控制该区域混凝土桥面板拉应力效果明显,但混凝土强度影响较弱．混凝土桥面板开裂区域随钢箱梁中充填混凝土长度的增加而减少,但桥面板顶部拉应力会随混凝土充填高度的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,在充填高度为箱梁内部净高的20 %~30 %左右时效果较为显著,此时经济效益最佳．     

前进式U形通风采空区风流与自燃的数值模拟

基于渗流方程、多组分气体渗流-扩散方程和多孔介质渗流传热方程,建立前进式开采U型 通风采空区自然发火模型. 通过迭代方法计算沿空巷道的侧漏风量,以此边界条件数值模拟 计算出前进式开采U型通风采空区的漏风规律;根据瓦斯-Ohttp://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_lxysj200804005.aspx前进式开采U型通风;采空区;风流规律;自燃温度场;有限元; 基于渗流方程、多组分气体渗流-扩散方程和多孔介质渗流传热方程,建立前进式开采U型 通风采空区自然发火模型. 通过迭代方法计算沿空巷道的侧漏风量,以此边界条件数值模拟 计算出前进式开采U型通风采空区的漏风规律;根据瓦斯-Ohttp://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_lxysj200804005.aspx前进式开采U型通风;采空区;风流规律;自燃温度场;有限元; 基于渗流方程、多组分气体渗流-扩散方程和多孔介质渗流传热方程,建立前进式开采U型 通风采空区自然发火模型. 通过迭代方法计算沿空巷道的侧漏风量,以此边界条件数值模拟 计算出前进式开采U型通风采空区的漏风规律;根据瓦斯-Ohttp://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_lxysj200804005.aspx前进式开采U型通风;采空区;风流规律;自燃温度场;有限元;基于渗流方程、多组分气体渗流-扩散方程和多孔介质渗流传热方程,建立前进式开采U型通风采空区自然发火模型.通过迭代方法计算沿空巷道的侧漏风量,以此边界条件数值模拟计算出前进式开采U型通风采空区的漏风规律;根据瓦斯-O2-CO浓度和温度分布状态及其变化来描述自燃过程.在计算中,采空区非均质性按自然冒落考虑,兼顾瓦斯涌出对自燃的耦合作用;模拟得到,在前进式开采特有的3面漏风边界条件下,采空区自燃位置(最高温点)在开切眼冒落区进风一侧,自燃产生的有害气体和瓦斯随漏风流从回风边界渗出.在前进开采U型通风形式下,通风量在到达工作面时衰减很大,因此,前进开采布置一次推进距离不易过大;解决好沿空留巷的封堵材料和正确的堵漏措施,是保证前进式开采顺利进行的技术关键.     

基于REPFPA的围岩稳定性数值模拟

为了研究不同巷道截面形状对冲击荷载下围岩稳定性的影响,本文首次采用REPFPA系列软件的岩石类材料非线性分析模块进行了材料非均质性对材料力学性质的影响以及材料动荷载响应的数值模拟。使用REPFPA软件建立了矩形和拱形两种巷道围岩模型,得到了在冲击荷载下顶板围岩的位移响应规律。结果表明:拱形巷道截面的稳定性优于矩形巷道截面;拱形巷道矢跨比小于0.2时位移变化较大,矢跨比大于0.2时位移变化趋于平稳。     

冠状动脉支架力学性能的理论和实验研究

冠状动脉支架必须具备的力学性能为:传送时的纵向柔软性,由球囊充压扩张时的动力大变形性能,在血管内支撑血管回缩压力的抗屈曲性能,以及术后金属支架留存在血管内的抗疲劳性能.本文内容分两部分:1、综述和评论支架的上述四种力学性能,2、重点论述金属支架纵向柔软性的最新研究结果.支架的结构刚度有离散性,介入治疗的要求和受力情况复杂,目前支架的力学性能质量标准尚未完善建立,支架结构设计中力学问题的处理仍存在盲目性.本文对于制定支架力学性能的质量标准以及改进和提高支架网架结构的力学性能设计都具有重要意义.     

深部岩体圆形巷道围岩松动圈形成机理数值试验研究

采用损伤力学和统计理论的单元本构模型,探讨深部岩体巷道围岩破坏规律, 利用岩石破裂过程分析软件RFPA$^{\rm 2D}$, 对深部 岩体中的圆形巷道的变形及非线性渐进破坏特征、巷道周边关键部位的位移和应力变化进行 了分析,研究了圆形巷道围岩松动圈的形成机理. 研究表明：巷道开挖后,其周边形成应力 集中带,随着围岩压力的持续作用,巷道周边产生塑性变形区,并沿径向形成裂纹;随着裂 纹的不断扩展,巷道周边出现松动破裂区,即松动圈. 产生破裂区后,应力集中程度减弱, 应力高峰点向远处转移.     

金属矿山矿柱回采时爆破荷载下采空区的围岩稳定性

以朝不楞矿区铁锌多金属矿山工程地质为依据,采用FLAC-3D软件及超声波测试,以岩体爆破损伤理论为基础,系统研究了多次爆破作用下井下分段回采巷道掘进时,回采巷道围岩损伤累计增长规律,并对尾砂胶结物充填相邻采空区下的矿柱回采进行了三维有限元数值模拟,分析了围岩爆破累计损伤和残留矿体矿柱回采及采空区稳定性。     

松软煤层综放面顶底板采动应力分布规律研究

以某矿综放采场为背景,通过现场实测、相似材料模拟等手段,研究了松软煤层综放开采中液压支架受力状态、两巷单体支柱受力特征和顶底板的采动应力分布规律,结果表明液压支架在工作面不同位置受力状态不同,处于中部位置的支架受力最大,同一支架前立柱受力大于后立柱;风巷围岩应力大于机巷围岩应力,两巷的超前采动应力峰值位置在工作面前3～11m;顶板岩层同一层位中采动应力分布随工作面的距离不同而不同;不同层位应力分布也不同,离煤层越近的岩层中应力集中系数越大;底板岩层在工作面前方6m左右处应力达到最大,在工作面处应力为零。该研究结果有效地指导了该矿井同一煤层综放面巷道布置、两巷支护及工作面顶板管理。     

高应力回采巷道围岩破裂机理及控制研究

为了研究巷道围岩破裂的危险性与工程地质的相关性, 借助弹塑性力学 的复变函数方法求解了巷道围岩的应力函数, 然后深入研究了高应力回采巷道围岩破裂机理, 提出以危险函数来评价巷道围岩破裂的危险性和确定巷道破裂时的滑移面分布特征的方法, 得到回采巷道的实用控制技术, 此法具有使用性广、计算简便的优点.     

Heating zone dynamics in in situ combustion

The integrodifferential equation of the quasisteady regime of a moving in situ combustion front is obtained and its exact solution is constructed in a particular case; the possibility of the heat generated at the combustion front being projected into the region ahead of the front is analyzed and the heating zone dynamics in the reservoir and the surrounding rock are investigated. In a number of studies of in situ combustion it is assumed that an increase in the water-air factor or, what amounts to the same thing, an increase in convection velocity in the reservoir leads to the total transfer of the heat into the region ahead of the combustion front [1–3]. In [3] the area of the heating zone ahead of the combustion front was calculated in accordance with the Marx-Longenheim model [4]. Below, on the basis of exact solutions of model problems it is shown that in the case of quasisteady Newtonian heat transfer between the surrounding medium, when the latter is assumed to be a thermal reservoir, i.e., maintain a constant temperature, this projection of heat is possible if the convection velocity exceeds the velocity of the combustion front. In the case of unsteady heat transfer in accordance with the Leverrier model there is no total projection of heat into the region in question; in the steady-state regime a limited heating zone, proportional in depth to the square of the difference of the convection and combustion front velocities, is formed ahead of the front.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 166–172, July–August, 1987.The author wishes to thank V. M. Entov for his valuable advice and useful discussions.     

Advance in Experimental Mechanics in Asia-2006

In order to offer an opening platform for researchers in Experimental Mechanics community from Asia and other regions to communicate their achievement, the Editorial Committee of Journal of Experimental Mechanics decided to publish an international series…     

On hysteresis in elasto-plasticity and in ferromagnetism

We define hysteresis as rate-independent memory, illustrate some of its properties, and review some scalar models of elasto-plasticity: the stop, the play, the Prandtl–Ishlinski models. In particular we study the Prager model of linear kinematic hardening, which encompasses stops and plays. We then couple the latter model with the dynamic equation for a one-dimensional system, show existence of a weak solution, and deal with its homogenization. We also discuss the extension to tensors and to three-dimensional systems.

We then deal with ferromagnetic hysteresis. We review the classic Preisach model and a vector extension. Finally, we formulate a model of vector ferromagnetic hysteresis, couple it with the magnetostatic equations, and discuss its homogenization. The latter consists in a two-length-scale model, and corresponds to a variant of the vector Preisach model.     

Genetic disorders in haematological practice in India

Haemoglobinopathies represent a significant national health burden in India. The distribution of specific disorders varies geographically and by community. Heterozygote frequencies of beta-thalassaemia range from 1 to 15%, resulting in an estimated 20 million carriers. HbS is mainly present in tribal and non-caste communities, with carrier prevalences of up to 40%. By comparison, alpha-thalassaemia carriers are found in both the caste and tribal communities, and can reach a frequency of >90% in the latter case. Community control of haemoglobinopathies relies mainly on out-reach education programmes and genetic counselling, with antenatal diagnosis offered in specific major centres. Only partial data are available on the prevalence of haemophilia, but it has been estimated that there are some 50,000 affected individuals nationwide, with an additional 1,500 new cases born each year. RFLP-based techniques have been established to detect mutations in the factor VIII and IX genes, enabling the limited introduction of carrier detection and antenatal diagnosis.