微波法合成磷掺杂石墨相氮化碳催化剂及n-π^(*)电子跃迁对其光催化固氮性能的影响北大核心CSCD

通过微波处理制备了具有优异光催化固氮性能的磷掺杂石墨相氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))催化剂.采用XRD、N_(2)吸附、UV-Vis、SEM、XPS、ESR、PL等测试手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,P掺杂与微波处理工艺相结合能破坏g-C_(3)N_(4)中平面对称性的结构单元,激发了n-π^(*)电子跃迁过程.制备催化剂的吸收边界从465移动至600 nm处,明显促进了对可见光的吸收.P掺杂和微波处理的协同效应也提高了催化剂的比表面积和电子空穴对的分离效率.制备的催化剂的NH_(4)^(+)产率最高达到6.5 mg·L^(-1)·g_(cat)^(-1),是纯g-C_(3)N_(4)的13.5倍以上,且具有良好的光催化稳定性,为拓宽催化剂的光响应范围提供了新的途径.     

一锅法制备Co3O4/g-C3N4复合光催化剂及其光催化性能

以三聚氰胺和六水合氯化钴为原料,一锅法制备Co_3O_4负载的多孔石墨相氮化碳(Co_3O_4/g-C_3N_4)复合光催化材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、光致发光光谱(PL)等手段对其结构和光学特性进行表征。以盐酸四环素(TC)为目标污染物,评价了不同负载量Co_3O_4/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂的可见光催化性能。结果表明,所制备的Co_3O_4/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂为多孔结构,其比表面积较大,并在可见光区域具有显著的吸收。利用原位生成的Co_3O_4纳米粒子在氮化碳表面形成异质结构,可有效转移光生载流子,降低光生电子-空穴的再结合率,从而提高光催化活性。并且存在最佳Co_3O_4复合量,当六水合氯化钴加入量为三聚氰胺的8%(w/w)时,所制备的复合光催化剂CoCN-8具有最佳的光催化性能。在可见光的照射下,60 min内可降解85%的TC,而同样条件下,纯g-C_3N_4仅降解23%的TC。     

Pt/g-C_3N_4/KB纳米复合催化剂的制备及其甲醇氧化性能

采用溶液中等离子放电法制备出了Pt纳米颗粒,用热氧化刻蚀和水热法成功的对石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)进行处理进而均匀吸附在科琴黑(KB)表面,最终制备出了Pt/g-C_3N_4/KB纳米复合催化剂。通过XRD分析,扫描电镜,透射电镜和电化学工作站探究了催化剂的组成、结构、颗粒大小以及电化学性能。Pt/g-C_3N_4/KB纳米复合催化剂展现出了良好的甲醇电氧化性能,性能的提升可能是由于g-C_3N_4良好的化学稳定性,N元素的存在改变Pt外层电子结构从而提高催化活性,这些因素提高了Pt的催化效率。     

具有超快电子传输能力的金/薄层氮化碳等离子光催化剂用于光催化产氢（英文）

光催化产氢可以直接将太阳能转化为化学能,是非常有前景的产氢技术之一.然而,光催化产氢的瓶颈在于如何提高光催化产氢效率和光催化剂的稳定性,以及降低产氢成本.因此,开发廉价、易于制备的产氢光催化剂引起人们广泛关注.作为一种非金属半导体光催化剂,石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)具有良好的物理化学性质,如良好的化学和热稳定性、极佳的光电性能、强的抗氧化能力等.更为重要的是,g-C_3N_4具有合适的能带结构,能够利用可见光.因此,g-C_3N_4已广泛应用于光催化降解、空气净化、光解水和光催化CO2还原等领域.然而,体相g-C_3N_4仍然暴露出一些缺点,例如比表面积小、光生电子-空穴对的复合率高和反应动力学差等.将体相g-C_3N_4剥离成g-C_3N_4纳米薄片是提高光催化效率的有效方法.薄层g-C_3N_4纳米片具有较高的比表面积,比体相的g-C_3N_4有更好的光生电子-空穴对分离效率.为了进一步提高g-C_3N_4的光催化性能,本文通过在薄层g-C_3N_4表面均匀分散Au纳米颗粒来控制电荷载流子的流动.并通过光催化产氢和污染物降解来评估金/薄层氮化碳(Au/monolayer g-C_3N_4)复合材料的光催化性能.所有的Au/薄层g-C_3N_4复合材料均显示出优于体相g-C_3N_4的光催化性能,其中1%Au/薄层g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂具有最高的产氢速率(565μmol g.1h.1),且具有最佳的污染物降解能力.这主要归结于热电子的注入,而不是肖特基结.Au纳米颗粒的成功引入带来了表面等离子共振(SPR)效应,SPR效应不仅能够提高光吸收效率,而且能够带来高效的热电子转移途径.热电子是从Au纳米颗粒表面注入到薄层g-C_3N_4纳米片的导带上.因此,Au/薄层g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂具有更高的光生电子-空穴对迁移和分离效率,以及更低的光生电子-空穴对复合几率.采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、光致发光光谱(PL)、光电流和阻抗等表征手段研究了Au/薄层g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂性能提升的原因.结果表明,相比于薄层g-C_3N_4纳米片,Au/薄层g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂具有更好的光电性能,因而光催化活性更高.此外,与薄层g-C_3N_4纳米片的光电流强度相比,Au/薄层g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂的光电流强度没有发生改变,这表明薄层g-C_3N_4纳米片导带上的光生电子不可能转移到Au纳米颗粒的表面.也就是说,肖特基结并没有参与到电子转移过程中,因此推测出整个光催化反应是热电子注入在起作用     

RGO/g-C3N4/MoS2复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

通过热解-水热两步法制备了石墨烯/石墨相氮化碳/二硫化钼(RGO/g-C_3N_4/MoS_2)复合材料并使用多种分析表征手段对RGO/g-C_3N_4/MoS_2的结构、形貌及光催化性能进行分析。结果表明,具有异质结构的g-C_3N_4/MoS_2与RGO复合后,通过良好的界面接触和电荷的快速转移,增强了其光生电子-空穴的分离。经可见光照射120 min后,RGO/g-C_3N_4/MoS_2复合材料可降解97%亚甲基蓝。此外,循环实验表明RGO/g-C_3N_4/MoS_2复合材料具有良好的稳定性,经5次循环仍能保持93.2%的光催化活性。     

K/Cl掺杂g-C_(3)N_(4)的制备及其光催化性能研究北大核心CSCD

采用湿化学方法制备了K/Cl掺杂石墨相氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))纳米材料.以三聚氰胺、KCl作为前驱体,经过溶解、沉淀和焙烧过程,使K/Cl元素在g-C_(3)N_(4)结构上均匀分布.K/Cl掺杂的引入并不影响g-C_(3)N_(4)物相的形成,而是使样品的比表面积增加至18.36 m^(2)·g^(-1),是纯g-C_(3)N_(4)的1.7倍.利用光催化降解气态污染物来表征材料的光催化性能,结果表明,全光谱光照下CN-K/Cl-0.07的性能是纯g-C_(3)N_(4)的2.0倍.光催化性能的提升归因于K/Cl双原子掺杂,不但提升了材料的光吸收能力,而且有利于光生电子-空穴的分离.4次循环试验后,CN-K/Cl-0.07光催化降解异丙醇的性能没有明显降低,证明其具有良好的稳定性.K/Cl掺杂g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化活性高且使用性能好,将会在气体污染物降解领域产生广泛的应用.     

g-C3N4/Bi2O2CO32D纳米片复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能研究

采用自组装和化学沉淀法分别制得两种可见光驱动复合材料石墨相氮化碳/碳酸氧铋(g-C_3N_4/Bi_2O_2CO_3).采用X射线衍射光谱(XRD),紫外可见光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、N_2吸附、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,制备方法对纳米复合材料的晶相、形态及光学性能没有影响,但是影响g-C_3N_4和Bi_2O_2CO_3之间的相互作用力,导致光生电子-空穴对的分离速率存在显著差异.以可见光驱动苯酚和罗丹明B的降解实验为探针反应检测催化剂的光催化性能.实验结果表明自组装法得到的异质结催化剂中相互作用力更强,催化效果最高.O_2-是罗丹明B降解反应的主要活性物种,染料的光敏化、Bi_2O_2CO_3与g-C_3N_4综合效应,导致光生载流子电荷分离效率更高.     

能级可调的钾离子掺杂石墨相氮化碳的可控制备及“双渠道”光催化合成过氧化氢性能

采用共聚合法制备了能级可控的碱金属K~+掺杂石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)催化剂,考察了催化剂光催化制取过氧化氢的性能.采用X射线多晶粉末衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附-脱附等温线、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、光致发光光谱(PL)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,K~+掺入g-C_3N_4的晶格间隙,并且对催化剂的比表面积、可见光吸收能力及电子-空穴分离效率产生显著影响;通过控制K~+掺杂量可以调控g-C_3N_4催化剂的能级位置,从而使光催化合成过氧化氢反应从"单渠道"变成"双渠道",显著提高了过氧化氢的平衡浓度.     

双金属掺杂氮化碳光催化降解罗丹明B的研究

以三聚氰胺为前驱体,以硝酸铁和硝酸钴为原料,采用热解法制备双金属掺杂石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4),对其进行傅立叶红外衍射光谱(FT-IR),X射线衍射光谱(XRD),氮气吸附-脱附图谱和电子扫描显微镜(SEM)等表征。结果显示,掺杂双金属并没有改变g-C_3N_4的晶体结构,且增加了g-C_3N_4的比表面积。在可见光下以罗丹明B为模型污染物,研究了双金属不同掺杂比例的g-C_3N_4的光催化降解性能。结果表明,当m(Fe(NO_3)_3∶m(Co(NO_3)_2)=8∶1,总质量为0. 01g时,120 min对罗丹明B的降解率达到89. 2%,是纯氮化碳的2倍。由反应动力学可得,其反应速率常数也达到纯g-C_3N_4的7倍。重复实验观察到催化剂具有较高的稳定性。     

用聚苯乙烯软模板合成多孔石墨相氮化碳

以通过乳液聚合方法制备的聚苯乙烯粒子作为软模板,合成了多孔石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱,X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱分析并结合比表面积测定,研究了模板对g-C_3N_4的化学结构和晶体结构的影响,结果表明:模板的引入不改变g-C_3N_4的化学结构,对晶体结构也基本无影响,通过调节聚苯乙烯软模板的含量可以控制g-C_3N_4的孔隙率和比表面积;紫外-可见吸收光谱测定结果表明:所合成多孔石墨相氮化碳在200-800nm波长范围内均有吸收。比表面的可调控性和宽光谱吸收有利于促进多孔石墨相氮化碳在光催化领域的应用。     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…     

Non-centrosymmetric Ba3Ti3O6(BO3)2

The compound previously reported as Ba₂Ti₂B₂O₉ has been reformulated as Ba₃Ti₃B₂O₁₂, or Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂, a new barium titanium oxoborate. Small single crystals have been recovered from a melt with a composition of BaTiO₃:BaTiB₂O₆ (molar ratio) cooled between 1100°C and 850°C. The crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction: hexagonal system, non-centrosymmetric space group, a=8.7377(11) Å, c=3.9147(8) Å, Z=1, wR(F²)=0.039 for 504 unique reflections. Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂ is isostructural with K₃Ta₃O₆(BO₃)₂. Preliminary measurements of nonlinear optical properties on microcrystalline samples show that the second harmonic generation efficiency of Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂ is equal to 95% of that of LiNbO₃.     

A new 2212-type stair like structure: Bi14Sr21Fe12O61, m=5 member of the generic [Bi2Sr3Fe2O9]m[Bi4Sr6Fe2O16] family

A new oxide, Bi₁₄Sr₂₁Fe₁₂O_61, with a layered structure derived from the 2212 modulated type structure Bi₂Sr₃Fe₂O₉, was isolated. It crystallizes in the I2 space group, with the following parameters: a=16.58(3) Å, b=5.496(1) Å, c=35.27(2) Å and β=90.62°. The single crystal X-ray structure determination, coupled with electron microscopy, shows that this ferrite is the m=5 member of the [Bi₂Sr₃Fe₂O₉]_m[Bi₄Sr₆Fe₂O₁₆] collapsed family. This new collapsed structure can be described as slices of 2212 structure of five bismuth polyhedra thick along , shifted with respect to each other and interconnected by means of [Bi₄Sr₆Fe₂O₁₆] slices. The latter are the place of numerous defects like iron or strontium for bismuth substitution; they can be correlated to intergrowth defects with other members of the family.     

Raman scattering investigations on lanthanum-doped Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15 intergrowth ferroelectrics

The ferroelectric ceramics of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅, and lanthanum-doped Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ were synthesized, and their Raman spectra were investigated. La-doping resulted in the enlargement of remnant polarization of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. The structure of the Bi₂O₂ layers and TiO₆ octahedra of the intergrowth was found to be different from those of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ and SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. La³⁺ ions exhibit pronounced selectivity for the occupation of A site as La content is lower than 0.50, and tend to be incorporated into Bi₂O₂ layers when the La content is higher than 0.50. Lanthanum substitution brings about the structural phase transition in Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. The variation of ferroelectric property may be attributed to combined contribution from the decreasing of the oxygen vacancies, the relaxation of the lattice distortion, the destroying of the insulation and the space charge compensation effects of the Bi₂O₂ slabs.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, infrared and Raman spectra of Sr4Cu3(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)4·3H2O and Ba2Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)3

The two new compounds, Sr₄Cu₃(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₄·3H₂O (1) and Ba₂Cu₄(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₃(2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. They represent previously unknown structure types and are the first compounds synthesized in the systems SrO/BaO-CuO-As₂O₅-H₂O. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [space group C2/c, a=18.536(4) Å, b=5.179(1) Å, c=24.898(5) Å, β=93.67(3)°, V=2344.0(8) Å³, Z=4 for 1; space group P4₂/n, a=7.775(1) Å, c=13.698(3) Å, V=828.1(2) Å³, Z=2 for 2]. The crystal structure of 1 is related to a group of compounds formed by Cu²⁺-(XO₄)³⁻ layers (X=P⁵⁺, As⁵⁺) linked by M cations (M=alkali, alkaline earth, Pb²⁺, or Ag⁺) and partly by hydrogen bonds. In 1, worth mentioning is the very short hydrogen bond length, D···A=2.477(3) Å. It is one of the examples of extremely short hydrogen bonds, where the donor and acceptor are crystallographically different. Compound 2 represents a layered structure consisting of Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers crosslinked by As1φ₄ tetrahedra, where φ is O or OH, which are interconnected by Ba, As2 and hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. The layers are formed by Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers of CuO₅ edge-sharing polyhedra, crosslinked by As1O₄ tetrahedra. Vibrational spectra (FTIR and Raman) of both compounds are described. The spectroscopic manifestation of the very short hydrogen bond in 1, and ABC-like spectra in 2 were discussed.     

Ion-beam irradiation of lanthanum compounds in the systems La2O3-Al2O3 and La2O3-TiO2

Thin crystals of La₂O₃, LaAlO₃, La_2/3TiO₃, La₂TiO₅, and La₂Ti₂O₇ have been irradiated in situ using 1 MeV Kr²⁺ ions at the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope-Tandem User Facility (IVEM-Tandem), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). We observed that La₂O₃ remained crystalline to a fluence greater than 3.1×10¹⁶ ions cm⁻² at a temperature of 50 K. The four binary oxide compounds in the two systems were observed through the crystalline-amorphous transition as a function of ion fluence and temperature. Results from the ion irradiations give critical temperatures for amorphisation (T_c) of 647 K for LaAlO₃, 840 K for La₂Ti₂O₇, 865 K for La_2/3TiO₃, and 1027 K for La₂TiO₅. The T_c values observed in this study, together with previous data for Al₂O₃ and TiO₂, are discussed with reference to the melting points for the La₂O₃-Al₂O₃ and La₂O₃-TiO₂ systems and the different local environments within the four crystal structures. Results suggest that there is an observable inverse correlation between T_c and melting temperature (T_m) in the two systems. More complex relationships exist between T_c and crystal structure, with the stoichiometric perovskite LaAlO₃ being the most resistant to amorphisation.     

g-C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合材料制备及其光催化性能

利用类石墨氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)和亚稳相钙钛氧化物(CaTi_2O_5)固相法制备C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及附带能谱分析仪(EDS)和N2吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计(UV-Vis)测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C_3N_4与CaTi_2O_5物质的量之比(nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5)对C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明:相比纯C_3N_4和CaTi_2O_5样品,C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5=1∶1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。     

g-C3N4/CaTi2O5复合材料制备及其光催化性能

利用类石墨氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）和亚稳相钙钛氧化物（CaTi₂O₅）固相法制备C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合材料。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及附带能谱分析仪（EDS）和N₂吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计（UV-Vis）测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C₃N₄与CaTi₂O₅物质的量之比（n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅）对C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明：相比纯C₃N₄和CaTi₂O₅样品,C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅=1：1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。     

Magnetic diphase nanostructure of ZnFe2O4/γ-Fe2O3

Magnetic diphase nanostructures of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ were synthesized by a solvothermal method. The formation reactions were optimized by tuning the initial molar ratios of Fe/Zn. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. It is found that when the initial molar ratio of Fe/Zn is larger than 2, a diphase magnetic nanostructure of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ was formed, in which the presence of ZnFe₂O₄ enhanced the thermal stability of γ-Fe₂O₃. Further increasing the initial molar ratio of Fe/Zn larger than 6 destabilized the diphase nanostructure and yielded traces of secondary phase α-Fe₂O₃. The grain surfaces of diphase nanostructure exhibited a spin-glass-like structure. At room temperature, all diphase nanostructures are superparamagnetic with saturation magnetization being increased with γ-Fe₂O₃ content.