基于Mojette频域最小冗余覆盖的有限角度计算机层析成像重建

基于Mojette投影变换的空域与频域性质,提出频域最小冗余覆盖的有限角度计算机断层成像(CT)重建算法。其中频域最小冗余覆盖即空域投影采样最少,也就是重建图像的投影数目最少、效率最高。通过研究发现了Mojette投影数据在其频域上的等效关系,将投影压缩在有限角度范围内,实现了有限角度CT图像重建。实验结果表明利用所提方法可得到较好的重建结果。     

基于三投影方向的层析重建分析

针对传统的层析方法中,投影方向多、系统复杂等特点,提出了基于三个投影方向的层析重建方法.论文选取适用于少投影方向的代数迭代重建算法,采用参量修正方法,能较好的提高重建准确度和抑制椒盐噪音.同时对影响重建图像质量和速度的迭代次数、不同原图像结构对重建图像质量的影响进行了分析,给出了相应分析模拟结果.结果表明,迭代300次后,重建结果基本稳定.同时对于具有轴对称结构物体,三个方向投影数据能够较好地实现三维层析重建.分析结果为后期开展的基于单幅层析全息图的三维层析重建实验研究提供了理论依据.     

基于三投影方向的层析重建分析

针对传统的层析方法中,投影方向多、系统复杂等特点,提出了基于三个投影方向的层析重建方法.论文选取适用于少投影方向的代数迭代重建算法,采用参量修正方法,能较好的提高重建准确度和抑制椒盐噪音.同时对影响重建图像质量和速度的迭代次数、不同原图像结构对重建图像质量的影响进行了分析,给出了相应分析模拟结果.结果表明,迭代300次后,重建结果基本稳定.同时对于具有轴对称结构物体,三个方向投影数据能够较好地实现三维层析重建.分析结果为后期开展的基于单幅层析全息图的三维层析重建实验研究提供了理论依据.     

激光莫尔干涉谱投影信息提取

分析了真实火箭喷焰的激光莫尔干涉谱,并提取其投影信息,重建了密度场。使用自制的大口径、高灵敏度莫尔偏折仪采集真实火箭喷焰的莫尔条纹图;采用傅里叶变换对莫尔条纹展开技术处理,获得了莫尔条纹的相位分布。根据莫尔条纹边缘提取背景,进一步获得背景相位分布。变形莫尔条纹的形变量通过求相位差获得,进一步提取轴向任意截面的投影信息。应用基于偏折投影的“简单自相关代数迭代重建算法(SSART)”层析流场。等间隔取8个方向的投影进行迭代,重建了截面密度分布图。结果发现,根据火箭喷焰的莫尔条纹,采用傅里叶变换相位展开技术,可以方便地提取任意截面的投影信息。应用SSART技术可以重建截面密度分布。因此,基于偏折投影的“SSART”算法是一种优良的非线性偏折层析重建算法。     

基于正向投影面积法的层析粒子图像测速权重系数计算方法

三维重建是层析粒子图像测速(PIV)中重要的一步,重建过程中的权重系数计算通常较为繁琐。基于此,提出一种层析PIV快速权重计算方法——正向投影面积(FPA)法,即将离散体素投影在相应像元上的面积作为权重系数计算的方法。首先,基于针孔相机模型构建三维空间内粒子多视角投影成像仿真程序,生成仿真图片用于方法分析与验证;其次,将FPA方法结合目前主流重建算法开展三维重建精度和耗时分析。结果表明,当用于本研究所述测量区域重建时,相比于传统后向方法与亚网格法权重系数计算方法,FPA法的权重矩阵元素个数分别降低了大约3个和1个数量级,计算时间分别减少了97%与85%,相应地降低了计算机的内存占用,且FPA法与传统后向方法所计算的权重矩阵的平均相似度高于0.9974。在常用实验粒子数分数(p_ppp=0.05)下,该方法结合目前主流重建算法的重建精度可达0.8以上。同时基于仿真图片分析了相机最佳采集角度以及实验相机噪声对重建结果的影响,结果表明,在实验噪声条件下重建结果仍然满足三维流场重建的要求。     

使用叠栅层析技术测量超音速风洞中的非对称复杂密度场

使用叠栅层析技术解决超音速风洞中复杂密度场的测量难题。应用高灵敏度叠栅偏折仪和间隔角度旋转模型的方法获取超音速风洞中流场的多方向叠栅条纹图。层析计算中使用一种新的偏折角修正迭代的叠栅层析算法,该方法可以实现对有限角采样和包含遮挡物的非完全数据重建,迭代过程中结合内边界平滑滤波提高重建精度。实验中获取了马赫数为2.52的超音速风洞中9幅不同采样角的条纹图,经过50次迭代计算后重建出膨胀波区非对称密度场的截面分布,并对测量结果和误差进行了分析和讨论。使用计算流体力学技术对该密度场进行建模和计算,验证了叠栅层析重建结果的正确性,证实了该技术在测量复杂流场领域的重要价值。     

一种布尔变换及解变换方法在数据处理中的应用

通常情况下,由于计算机在字符显示状态下在内存中存在一个显示代码缓存区,此缓存区存放屏幕上显示内容的ASCⅡ码;因此在LED显示应用上,尤其在需要将控制机显示内容在另一区域的LED屏幕重现时所需要的数据传输方面上,上述代码缓存区具有重要的作用.但是当我们使用象pc-1500这样的机器作LED显示系统的控制机时,由于它无上述的系统有规律的顺序显示代码缓存区,同时鉴于LED与主控机点阵的不同及需传送的数据量等问题,我们在传输屏幕内容上存在一定的困难.本文提出并采用一种布尔变换及解变换方法来解决这个问题.     

基于非下采样轮廓波变换遥感影像超分辨重建方法

针对现有非下采样轮廓波变换(NSCT)超分辨率重建方法的不足提出了一种改进的重建方法。空间频率大小反映图像细节信息丰富的程度,改进方法将区域窗口内空间频率的大小作为定权的标准对NSCT分解获得的各对应高频图像进行自适应加权融合。将NSCT分析与自适应加权融合相结合用以实现影像超分辨率重建,其中利用自适应加权融合方法将各高频图像分别进行融合,同时将低频图像进行取均值处理,分别获得处理后的高低频图像,通过NSCT逆变换获得最终的超分辨图像。通过仿真实验与工程应用验证了改进方法的可行性与有效性。     

基于射线模型的超声声速层析算法研究进展

得益于超声换能器硬件的进步和数据采集速度的提升,超声层析成像近年来得到了越来越多的关注,特别是在乳腺成像领域.超声层析成像中的声速图像分布可以为乳腺组织表征提供良好的定量分析数据,进而使得超声层析成像在乳腺癌的诊断方面有着良好的应用前景.目前,超声声速层析重建方法主要包括基于射线模型和全波模型的两大类算法.基于射线模型...     

一种基于参数标定的投影条纹周期简易校正方法

基于三角测量原理的条纹投影轮廓测量系统中,倾斜投影到参考平面上的条纹将产生周期展宽现象,引起相位失真甚至影响测量精度.论文以条纹位置为控制变量推导出条纹周期校正的线性数学模型,通过简便的标定获得模型参数,由此反算出新的待投影条纹,并在参考平面上获得周期分布的投影条纹.实验结果表明校正后的条纹周期变化范围在±0.1像素内...     

CT不完全投影数据重建算法综述

本文主要针对计算机断层成像(computed tomography,CT)不完全投影数据重建中探测器全覆盖稀疏角度重建和探测器部分覆盖截断数据重建问题,综述了其在研究方法上国内外的进展.在探测器对被检测物体可以完全覆盖的情况下,针对稀疏均匀采样和视角受限采样,探讨了离散模型迭代重建算法和压缩感知采样重建算法.在探测器对被检测物体不能完全覆盖的情况下,探讨了锥束螺旋BPF重建算法、加型迭代重建算法和锥束FDK改进算法.论文可以为CT重建领域的研究工作者提供全面的方法梳理和总结,并指出了当前研究的重点和未来研究的方向.     

Cone-beam local reconstruction based on a Radon inversion transformation

The local reconstruction from truncated projection data is one area of interest in image reconstruction for computed tomography(CT),which creates the possibility for dose reduction.In this paper,a filtered-backprojection(FBP) algorithm based on the Radon inversion transform is presented to deal with the three-dimensional(3D) local reconstruction in the circular geometry.The algorithm achieves the data filtering in two steps.The first step is the derivative of projections,which acts locally on the data and can thus be carried out accurately even in the presence of data truncation.The second step is the nonlocal Hilbert filtering.The numerical simulations and the real data reconstructions have been conducted to validate the new reconstruction algorithm.Compared with the approximate truncation resistant algorithm for computed tomography(ATRACT),not only it has a comparable ability to restrain truncation artifacts,but also its reconstruction efficiency is improved.It is about twice as fast as that of the ATRACT.Therefore,this work provides a simple and efficient approach for the approximate reconstruction from truncated projections in the circular cone-beam CT.     

基于SR-CT技术的残缺投影数据的研究

基于SR-CT技术对残缺投影数据进行了研究。通过数值模拟分析了影响残缺投影数据重建结果的主要因素:重建算法和投影间隔角。获得了重建算法和投影间隔角与残缺投影数据重建结果之间的关系。实验结果证实了分析的正确性。     

基于投影栅线法测量物体三维轮廓的一点改进

研究了利用投影栅线法测量光滑鼠标的三维轮廓。对传统的傅里叶变换轮廓术提出了一点改进,在傅里叶变换之后,不对频谱部分频移,而是直接滤出需要的高、低频部分,再分别进行傅里叶逆变换,就可以得到与高度有关的相位差。该方法与传统的方法相比,减少了3次频移的过程,大大减少了计算量,也提高了滤波的精度。实验结果表明:只需要0.1 s就可以完成测量过程,测量精度达到0.2 mm, 可以成功实现光滑物体的三维轮廓测量。     

Analysis of algebraic reconstruction technique for accurate imaging of gas temperature and concentration based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

An improved algebraic reconstruction technique(ART) combined with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS) is presented in this paper for determining two-dimensional(2D) distribution of H_2O concentration and temperature in a simulated combustion flame.This work aims to simulate the reconstruction of spectroscopic measurements by a multi-view parallel-beam scanning geometry and analyze the effects of projection rays on reconstruction accuracy.It finally proves that reconstruction quality dramatically increases with the number of projection rays increasing until more than 180 for 20 × 20 grid,and after that point,the number of projection rays has little influence on reconstruction accuracy.It is clear that the temperature reconstruction results are more accurate than the water vapor concentration obtained by the traditional concentration calculation method.In the present study an innovative way to reduce the error of concentration reconstruction and improve the reconstruction quality greatly is also proposed,and the capability of this new method is evaluated by using appropriate assessment parameters.By using this new approach,not only the concentration reconstruction accuracy is greatly improved,but also a suitable parallel-beam arrangement is put forward for high reconstruction accuracy and simplicity of experimental validation.Finally,a bimodal structure of the combustion region is assumed to demonstrate the robustness and universality of the proposed method.Numerical investigation indicates that the proposed TDLAS tomographic algorithm is capable of detecting accurate temperature and concentration profiles.This feasible formula for reconstruction research is expected to resolve several key issues in practical combustion devices.     

Fast parallel algorithm for three-dimensional distance-driven model in iterative computed tomography reconstruction

The projection matrix model is used to describe the physical relationship between reconstructed object and projection.Such a model has a strong influence on projection and backprojection,two vital operations in iterative computed tomographic reconstruction.The distance-driven model(DDM) is a state-of-the-art technology that simulates forward and back projections.This model has a low computational complexity and a relatively high spatial resolution;however,it includes only a few methods in a parallel operation with a matched model scheme.This study introduces a fast and parallelizable algorithm to improve the traditional DDM for computing the parallel projection and backprojection operations.Our proposed model has been implemented on a GPU(graphic processing unit) platform and has achieved satisfactory computational efficiency with no approximation.The runtime for the projection and backprojection operations with our model is approximately 4.5 s and 10.5 s per loop,respectively,with an image size of 256×256×256 and 360 projections with a size of 512×512.We compare several general algorithms that have been proposed for maximizing GPU efficiency by using the unmatched projection/backprojection models in a parallel computation.The imaging resolution is not sacrificed and remains accurate during computed tomographic reconstruction.     

A modified equally sloped algorithm based on the total variation algorithm in computed tomography for insufficient data

Computed tomography (CT) has become an important technique for analyzing the inner structures of material, biological and energy fields. However, there are often challenges in the practical application of CT due to insufficient data. For example, the maximum rotation angle of the sample stage is limited by sample space or image reconstruction from the limited number of views required to reduce the X‐ray dose delivered to the sample. Therefore, it is difficult to acquire CT images with complete data. In this work, an iterative reconstruction algorithm based on the minimization of the image total variation (TV) has been utilized to develop equally sloped tomography (EST), and the reconstruction was carried out from limited‐angle, few‐view and noisy data. A synchrotron CT experiment on hydroxyapatite was also carried out to demonstrate the ability of the TV‐EST algorithm. The results indicated that the new TV‐EST algorithm was capable of achieving high‐quality reconstructions from projections with insufficient data.     

Analyser‐based tomography images of cartilage

Analyser‐based imaging expands the performance of X‐ray imaging by utilizing not only the absorption properties of X‐rays but also the refraction and scatter rejection (extinction) properties. In this study, analyser‐based computed tomography has been implemented on imaging an articular cartilage sample, depicting substructural variations, without overlay, at a pixel resolution of 3.6 µm.