Vanadium isotopic composition of the sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)

Vanadium (V) in the sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) from Onagawa Bay, Miyagi, Japan, was isolated and purified through adsorption on a diamine resin and anion and cation exchanges after the dissolution of sea squirt samples with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The ⁵⁰V/⁵¹V isotope ratio of V thus obtained was mass-spectrometrically determined to be from 2.51×10^?3 to 2.55×10^?3 with the average of 2.53×10^?3 by the thermal ionisation technique. This value agreed with those of vanadyl chloride and vanadyl nitrate both prepared from vanadyl sulphate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan) and of V in coastal seawater (Shimokita Peninsula, Aomori, Japan) within experimental uncertainties (standard deviation of±0.04), which suggested that no appreciable V isotope fractionation occurs accompanying V uptake by the sea squirt from sea water.     

RP-HPLC同时测定白花檵木花中的槲皮素和山奈酚

建立用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定白花檵木花中槲皮素和山奈酚含量的方法。采用Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);柱温:25℃;流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液(35:65,V/V);流速为1.0mL·min-1;检测波长为360nm。槲皮素在1.08×10-3—1.08×10-1μg·μL-1的范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率97.23%,RSD为1.26%;山奈酚在1.04×10-3—1.04×10-1μg.μL-1的范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率99.78%,RSD为0.46%。方法简便、准确、可靠,可作为白花檵木花中槲皮素和山奈酚的定量分析方法。     

Frequency metrology of helium around 1083 nm and determination of the nuclear charge radius

We measure the absolute frequency of seven out of the nine allowed transitions between the 2 (3)S and 2 (3)P hyperfine manifolds in a metastable (3)He beam by using an optical frequency comb synthesizer-assisted spectrometer. The relative uncertainty of our measurements ranges from 1×10(-11) to 5×10(-12), which is, to our knowledge, the most precise result for any optical ^{3}He transition to date. The resulting 2 (3)P-2 (3)S centroid frequency is 276,702,827,204.8(2.4) kHz. Comparing this value with the known result for the (4)He centroid and performing ab initio QED calculations of the (4)He-(3)He isotope shift, we extract the difference of the squared nuclear charge radii δr(2) of (3)He and (4)He. Our result for δr(2)=1.074(3) fm(2) disagrees by about 4σ with the recent determination [R. van Rooij et al., Science 333, 196 (2011)].     

Synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of phenacite at high pressure

We report the results of a natural phenacite from 0 to 30.9 GPa using in situ angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction and a diamond anvil cell at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Over this pressure range, no phase change or disproportionation has been observed. The isothermal equation of state was determined. The values of V₀, K₀, and K₀′ refined with a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state are V₀=1116.1±1.2 ų, K₀=223±9 GPa, and K₀′=5.5±0.8. Furthermore, we confirm that the linear compressibilities (β) along a and c directions of phenacite are elastically isotropic (β_a=1.50×10^-3 and β_c=1.34×10^-3 GPa^-1). Consequently, it can be concluded that the compressibility of phenacite under high pressures has been accurately constrained.     

The relative effects of particles and turbulence on acoustic scattering from deep-sea hydrothermal vent plumes

Acoustic methods are applied to the investigation and monitoring of a vigorous hydrothermal plume within the Main Endeavor vent field at the Endeavor segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Forward propagation and scattering from suspended particulates using Rayleigh scattering theory is shown to be negligible (log-amplitude variance σ(χ) (2)~10(-7)) compared to turbulence induced by temperature fluctuations (σ(χ) (2)~0.1). The backscattering from turbulence is then quantified using the forward scattering derived turbulence level, which gives a volume backscattering strength of s(V)=6.5 × 10(-8) m(-1). The volume backscattering cross section from particulates can range from s(V)=3.3 × 10(-6) to 7.2 × 10(-10) m(-1) depending on the particle size. These results show that forward scatter acoustic methods in hydrothermal vent applications can be used to quantify turbulence and its effect on backscatter measurements, which can be a dominant factor depending on the particle size and its location within the plume.     

Narrowband ultraviolet photodetector based on MgZnO and NPB heterojunction

An ultraviolet photodetector was fabricated based on Mg_0.07Zn_0.93O heterojunction. N, N'-bis (naphthalen-1-y1)-N, N'-bis(pheny) benzidine was selected as the hole transporting layer. I-V characteristic curves of the device were measured in the dark and under the illumination of 340?nm UV light with density of 1.33 mW/cm². The device showed a low dark current of about 3×10^-10 A and a high photo-dark current ratio of 1×10⁵ at -2 V bias. A narrowband photoresponse was observed from 300 to 400?nm and centered at 340?nm with a full width at half-maximum of only 30?nm. The maximum peak response is at 340?nm, which is 0.192 A/W at the bias of -1 V.     

Measuring δ(13)C values of atmospheric acetaldehyde via sodium bisulfite adsorption and cysteamine derivatisation

δ(13)C values of gaseous acetaldehyde were measured by gas chromatograph-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-C-IRMS) via sodium bisulfite (NaHSO(3)) adsorption and cysteamine derivatisation. Gaseous acetaldehyde was collected via NaHSO(3)-coated Sep-Pak(?) silica gel cartridge, then derivatised with cysteamine, and then the δ(13)C value of the acetaldehyde-cysteamine derivative was measured by GC-C-IRMS. Using two acetaldehydes with different δ(13)C values, derivatisation experiments were carried out to cover concentrations between 0.009×10(-3) and 1.96×10(-3)?mg·l(-1)) of atmospheric acetaldehyde, and then δ(13)C fractionation was evaluated in the derivatisation of acetaldehyde based on stoichiometric mass balance after measuring the δ(13)C values of acetaldehyde, cysteamine and the acetaldehyde-cysteamine derivative. δ(13)C measurements in the derivertisation process showed good reproducibility (<0.5?‰) for gaseous acetaldehyde. The differences between predicted and measured δ(13)C values were 0.04-0.31?‰ for acetaldehyde-cysteamine derivative, indicating that the derivatisation introduces no isotope fractionation for gaseous acetaldehyde, and obtained δ(13)C values of acetaldehyde in ambient air at the two sites were distinct (-34.00?‰ at an urban site versus-31.00?‰ at a forest site), implying potential application of the method to study atmospheric acetaldehyde.     

Surface metal-insulator transition on a vanadium pentoxide (001) single crystal

In situ band gap mapping of the V2O5(001) crystal surface revealed a reversible metal-to-insulator transition at 350-400 K, which occurs inhomogeneously across the surface and expands preferentially in the direction of the vanadyl (V=O) double rows. Supported by density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations, the results are rationalized on the basis of the anisotropic growth of vanadyl-oxygen vacancies and a concomitant oxygen loss driven metal-to-insulator transition at the surface. At elevated temperatures irreversible surface reduction proceeds sequentially as V2O5(001) --> V6O13(001) --> V2O3(0001).     

Search for antihelium with the BESS-Polar spectrometer

In two long-duration balloon flights over Antarctica, the Balloon-borne Experiment with a Superconducting Spectrometer (BESS) collaboration has searched for antihelium in the cosmic radiation with the highest sensitivity reported. BESS-Polar I flew in 2004, observing for 8.5 days. BESS-Polar II flew in 2007-2008, observing for 24.5 days. No antihelium candidate was found in BESS-Polar I data among 8.4×10(6) |Z|=2 nuclei from 1.0 to 20 GV or in BESS-Polar II data among 4.0×10(7) |Z|=2 nuclei from 1.0 to 14 GV. Assuming antihelium to have the same spectral shape as helium, a 95% confidence upper limit to the possible abundance of antihelium relative to helium of 6.9×10(-8)} was determined combining all BESS data, including the two BESS-Polar flights. With no assumed antihelium spectrum and a weighted average of the lowest antihelium efficiencies for each flight, an upper limit of 1.0×10(-7) from 1.6 to 14 GV was determined for the combined BESS-Polar data. Under both antihelium spectral assumptions, these are the lowest limits obtained to date.     

氮化铝薄膜的硅热扩散掺杂研究

采用热扩散方法,对AlN薄膜进行了Si掺杂。利用电子能量散射谱(EDS)以及高温变温电导对薄膜进行了分析。EDS测试结果表明:在1 250 ℃的温度下,氮化硅(SiN_x)作为Si的扩散源,可以实现对AlN薄膜的Si热扩散掺杂。高温电流-电压(I-V)测试表明:在460 ℃测试温度下,AlN薄膜在热扩散掺杂以后,其电导从1.9×10^-3 S·m^-1增加到2.1×10^-2 S·m^-1。高温变温电导测试表明:氮空位(V³⁺_N)和Si在AlN中的激活能为1.03 eV和0.45 eV。     

Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characterization of PolyDCHD-HS Films

Waveguiding films of the highly soluble polycarbazolydiacetylene polyDCHD-HS were prepared by spin coating and characterized at different wavelengths: 5 dB/cm propagation losses were observed at 1321 nm.Measurements of the third order nonliearity at 1064nm with the surface plasmon resonance method gave the valueχ(3)= i4.4×10-17+3.5×10-18 m2/V2.     

Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characterization of PolyDCHD-HS Films

Waveguiding films of the highly soluble polycarbazolydiacetylene polyDCHD-HS were prepared by spin coating and characterized at different wavelengths: 5 dB/cm propagation losses were observed at 1321 nm.Measurements of the third order nonliearity at 1064nm with the surface plasmon resonance method gave the valueχ(3)= i4.4×10-17+3.5×10-18 m2/V2.     

流动注射化学发光分析法测定蒽醌类药物

基于蒽醌类药物在碱性条件下对高碘酸钾-鲁米诺化学发光体系的化学发光信号有强烈的抑制作用这一现象,结合流动注射技术建立了一种直接测定蒽醌类药物的流动注射化学发光分析新方法。该方法测定大黄素的线性范围为1.0×10-8—3.0×10-7g/mL,检出限为2×10-9g/mL;测定大黄酸的线性范围为7.0×10-8—3.0×10-6g/mL,检出限为2×10-8g/mL;测定大黄素甲醚的线性范围为1.0×10-9—5.0×10-8g/mL,检出限为3×10-10g/mL。该方法操作简单快速、灵敏度高,可用于样品中蒽醌类药物含量的准确测定。     

The High Energy X-ray telescope (HE) onboard the Insight-HXMT astronomy satellite

The Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(Insight-HXMT) is a broadband X-ray and γ-ray(1-3000 ke V) astronomy satellite. One of its three main telescopes is the High Energy X-ray telescope(HE). The main detector plane of HE comprises 18 Na I(Tl)/Cs I(Na) phoswich detectors, where Na I(Tl) is used as the primary detector to measure ~ 20-250 ke V photons incident from the field of view(FOV) defined by collimators, and Cs I(Na) is used as the active shielding detector to Na I(Tl) by pulse shape discrimination. Additionally, Cs I(Na) is used as an omnidirectional γ-ray monitor. The HE collimators have a diverse FOV,i.e. 1.1°×5.7°(15 units), 5.7°×5.7°(2 units), and blocked(1 unit). Therefore, the combined FOV of HE is approximately5.7°×5.7°. Each HE detector has a diameter of 190 mm resulting in a total geometrical area of approximately 5100 cm2, and the energy resolution is ~15% at 60 ke V. For each recorded X-ray event by HE, the timing accuracy is less than 10 μs and the deadtime is less than 10 μs. HE is used for observing spectra and temporal variability of X-ray sources in the 20-250 ke V band either by pointing observations for known sources or scanning observations to unveil new sources. Additionally, HE is used for monitoring the γ-ray burst in 0.2-3 Me V band. This paper not only presents the design and performance of HE instruments but also reports results of the on-ground calibration experiments.     

NMR Study of Laser polarized ~(129) Xe in Low Pressure Natural Xenon Gas

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NMR Study of Laser-polarized 129Xe in Low Pressure Natural Xenon Gas

The NMR signal from the laser-polarized t29 Xe in low-pressure natural xenon gas has been observed with a Bruker WP-80SY NMR spectrometer. The laser-polarized 129 Xe was produced by the method of laser pumping and spin exchange in a magnetic field of 1.87 Tesla. It is obtained experimentally that the nuclear spin relaxation rate 1/T1 of laser-polarized 129Xe are (4.03±1.97)×10-3/see～(2.21±0.78)×10-3/see in the range of the 3.33×103 Pa～8.29×104 Pa Xe gas pressures, the apparent wall relaxation rate 1/Tw* =(1.98±0.18)×10-3/see, and the relaxation rate coefficient C of 133Cs-129Xe spin exchange is (2.81±0.74)×10-16 em3/sec.     

聚合物薄膜电光效应研究

介绍聚合物DR/PMMA薄膜材料做成光学法布里-珀罗腔结构,通过观察透射率随外加电场变化,以确定其非线性光学特性参量,在室温和575.0nm时的三阶极化率x~⑶(-ω;ω,0,0)=(5.3-i6.0)×10~((-11)_(θs.u))和二次电光系数R=-(8.5-i9.7)×10~(-19)m~2/V~2.     

光折变晶体钛酸钡锶电荷传输参数的测量

报道用两波耦合技术测量光折变晶体钛酸钡锶(Ba_(1-x)Sr_xTiO-3,BST)的电荷传输参数φμτ在激光波长λ=515nm和光功率密度I—1W/cm~2下测得光折变响应时间为0.5sec.考虑到BST晶体吸收系数的光强相关性,修改了光栅形成率的函数变量,得到BST晶体的暗电导σ_a和电荷传输参数φμτ的拟合值分别为1.0×10~(-11)(Ωcm)~(-1)和2.8×10~(-10)cm~2/V.     

影响鲁米诺体系电致化学发光因素的研究

系统研究了鲁米诺体系的电致化学发光行为 ,发现电学参数和溶液的酸碱性很大程度地影响电化学发光的产生、光强及连续性。确定了在碱性环境中的最佳电化学发光条件 ,发现在 KOH- KCl( p H=12 .5)介质中 ,于 Pt电极上施加 +1.3V( vs.Ag/ Ag Cl)的正矩形脉冲 ,可得到鲁米诺的最佳发光信号。发光强度与鲁米诺的浓度在 1.0× 10 -7— 1.0× 10 -5mol/ L范围内呈线性关系。并讨论了 H2 O2 及硫脲对鲁米诺的电致化学发光的影响。     

激光诱导p-GaN掺杂对发光二极管性能改善的分析

采用激光诱导掺锌的方法提高了常规GaN基外延片p-GaN层的空穴浓度,并将它制备成小功率白光发光二极管(LED).对其光电性能做了详细的测量并进行了加速老化实验和分析.结果表明,与常规LED相比,经过激光诱导p-GaN层掺锌LED的光电性能获得了明显改善:正向工作电压VF从3.33V降到3.13V,串联电阻从30.27Ω降到20.27Ω,室温下衰退系数从1.68×10-4降到1.34×10-4,老化1600h后的反向漏电流从超过0.2μA降为不超过0.025μA,器件的预测寿命延长了41%.器件光电性能改善的主要原因是激光诱导掺锌使LED的p-型欧姆接触改善和热阻降低所致.