Heterogeneous diffusion in a reversible gel

We introduce a microscopically realistic model of a physical gel and use computer simulations to study its static and dynamic properties at thermal equilibrium. The phase diagram comprises a sol phase, a coexistence region ending at a critical point, a gelation line determined by geometric percolation, and an equilibrium gel phase unrelated to phase separation. The global structure of the gel is homogeneous, but the stress is only supported by a fractal network. The gel dynamics is highly heterogeneous and we propose a theoretical model to quantitatively describe dynamic heterogeneity in gels. We elucidate several differences between the dynamics of gels and that of glass formers.     

Dissipative quantum dynamics in 2D: anisotropic dissipation and selective bond breaking in surface photochemistry

The dissipative quantum dynamics of a model system, O2 at a Pt(111) surface, has been solved in two dimensions using a stochastic wave packet approach and parallel-computing techniques. It is found that, upon excitation, the dissipation anisotropy creates nonequilibrium and anisotropic energy storage between different reaction channels. The latter determines decisively the short-time reaction dynamics and, in particular, the branching ratio between desorption and dissociation, in agreement with recent experimental findings.     

Conductivity of structurally anisotropic 2D composites

The character of electric conduction in a two-dimensional structurally anisotropic composite containing elliptic inclusions with a large ratio of the semiaxis. Dielectric and ideally conducting inclusions were considered. It was demonstrated that the approximation linear in concentration of inclusions fails beginning from rather small concentrations. The region of intermediate concentrations was studied using approximate methods based on the analogy between electric conductivity and the diffusion of a single particle in a nonuniform medium. The conductivity of the model system under study was analyzed over a wide concentration range with the use of the effective medium theory; the results are in close agreement with those obtained by qualitative methods. The behavior of conductivity near the percolation threshold (metal-to-dielectric phase transition) was examined using the similarity. The conductivity of thin composite films with inclusions in the form of carbon nanotubes was examined, as an example.     

Convergence dynamics of 2-dimensional isotropic and anisotropic Bak-Sneppen models

The conventional Hamming distance measurement captures only short-time dynamics of the displacement between uncorrelated random configurations. The minimum difference technique introduced by Tirnakli and Lyra [U. Tirnakli, M.L. Lyra. Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 14 (2003) 805] is used to study short-time and long-time dynamics of the two distinct random configurations of isotropic and anisotropic Bak-Sneppen models on a square lattice. Similar to a 1-dimensional case, the time evolution of the displacement is intermittent. The scaling behavior of the jump activity rate and waiting time distribution reveal the absence of typical spatial-temporal scales in the mechanism of displacement jumps used to quantify convergence dynamics.     

Non-boost-invariant anisotropic dynamics

We study the non-boost-invariant evolution of a quark–gluon plasma subject to large early-time momentum–space anisotropies. Rather than using the canonical hydrodynamical expansion of the distribution function around an isotropic equilibrium state, we expand around a state which is anisotropic in momentum space and parameterize this state in terms of three proper-time and spatial-rapidity dependent parameters. Deviations from the Bjorken scaling solutions are naturally taken into account by the time evolution of the spatial-rapidity dependence of the anisotropic ansatz. As a result, we obtain three coupled partial differential equations for the momentum–space anisotropy, the typical momentum of the degrees of freedom, and the longitudinal flow. Within this framework (0+1)$(0+1)$-dimensional Bjorken expansion is obtained as an asymptotic limit. Finally, we make quantitative comparisons of the temporal and spatial-rapidity evolution of the dynamical parameters and resulting pressure anisotropy in both the strong and weak coupling limits.     

Dynamics of 2D anisotropic solids,smectics and nematics

In this research we study the critical dynamics of anisotropic layers in the various transition and crossover regimes associated with a defect unbinding picture of the melting process. We derive dynamic equations of motion for anisotropic solids, smectics and nematics, in the presence of defects and predict the critical behavior of various transport coefficients. The theory is applicable to two-dimensional layers of freely suspended liquid crystals, on which dynamic light-scattering experiments can be performed to test the predictions of the theory.     

Heterogeneous anisotropic complex structure gradual model and constitutive relation

Four new gradually delaminate models of the three-dimensional macro-/mesoscopic structure and delamination of the heterogeneous anisotropic composite (HAC) are set up by conducting research into its structure and performance. A general theory, which demonstrates the three-dimensional constitutive relation of the macro-/mesoscopic performance of this structure is further developed. The macroscopic expression of HAC is presented in terms of a Tanigawa delaminate homogeneous equivalent approach, the mesoscopic problems are analysed utilizing Eshelby－Mori－Tanaka theory, with the introduction of the representative volume elements of monolayer single unit cell and interlaminar double unit cells. According to the gradual continuity of the structure as a whole, great attention is given to the modelling and research of the interlaminar macroscopic and mesoscopic problems of HAC structure. Comparison with the existing solutions is made through calculation of typical cases.     

Lifshitz-Safran coarsening dynamics in a 2D hexagonal system

The coarsening process in a two-dimensional hexagonal system in the region close to both spinodal and order-order transitions was investigated through the Cahn-Hilliard model. We found a distinctive region of the phase diagram where the pinning of dislocations plays only a minor role and the dynamics is led by the triple points. In this region, we found configurations of domains with the same features as those proposed by Lifshitz. As a consequence, different correlation lengths grow logarithmically in time, in good agreement with the predictions of coarsening at low temperatures proposed by Safran.     

Heterogeneous dynamics of coarsening systems

We show by means of experiments, theory, and simulations that the slow dynamics of coarsening systems displays dynamic heterogeneity similar to that observed in glass-forming systems. We measure dynamic heterogeneity via novel multipoint functions which quantify the emergence of dynamic, as opposed to static, correlations of fluctuations. Experiments are performed on a coarsening foam using time-resolved correlation, a recently introduced light scattering method. Theoretically we study the Ising model, and present exact results in one dimension, and numerical results in two dimensions. For all systems the same dynamic scaling of fluctuations with domain size is observed.     

Magnetism and superconductivity in a quasi-2D anisotropic system doped with charge carriers

The theory of multiband superconducting systems with variable density of charge carriers is analyzed. The possibility of emergence of nonphonon high-temperature superconductivity due to the predominance of electron–electron interband interactions over intraband interactions, as well as due to the fact that the thermodynamic and magnetic properties of multiband systems in the superconducting phase differ qualitatively from those of single-band systems, is indicated. Phase transitions in a quasi-2D anisotropic medium upon a change in the carrier concentration, i.e., a transition from the commensurate to the incommensurate state of the spin density wave, are analyzed. Such a transition is observed when the Umklapp processes in the lattice structure are taken into account. These processes facilitate a deviation of wavevector Q of the spin density wave from 2k_F, as well as a displacement of the bandgap relative to the Fermi surface. This leads to the generation of free charge carriers and the possibility of superconductivity. It is shown that superconductivity accompanies the magnetism. The conditions for the coexistence of these two phenomena are determined.     

Rotational dynamics in anisotropic confinement

Quasi-elastic nuclear resonant forward scattering experiments of the model glass former DBP:FC (Dibutylphthalate:Ferrocene) have been performed in anisotropic confinement, yielding complex spectra. A model for the rotational relaxation of Ferrocene based upon the Kubo–Anderson process is presented, which explains the observed spectra as superposition of three components: Static Ferrocene, anisotropic rotating Ferrocene and isotropic rotating Ferrocene.     

Absolute parametric instability of low-frequency waves in a 2D nonuniform anisotropic warm plasma

Using the separation method, absolute parametric instability (API) of electrostatic waves in a magnetized pumped warm plasma is investigated. In this case the effect of static strong magnetic field is considered. The problem of strong magnetic field is solved in two-dimensional (2D) nonuniform plane plasma. Equations which describe the spatial part of the electric potential are obtained. Also, the growth rates and conditions of the parametric instability for periodic and aperiodic cases are obtained. It is found that the spatial nonuniformity of the plasma exerts a stabilizing effect on the API. It is shown that the growth rates of periodic and aperiodic API in warm plasma are less when compared to that in cold plasma.     

Crystal dynamics of HCP anisotropic metal

The modified Toya's expressions for electron-phonon matrix elements have been extended to study the phonon-dispersion relations of anisotropic HCP cadmium crystal. It has been observed that the calculated results are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental results along the symmetry directions.     

Statics and dynamics of 2D colloidal crystals in a random pinning potential

We report the first experimental study of a model system of a two-dimensional colloidal crystal in a random pinning potential. The colloidal crystal consists of monodispersed charged polystyrene microspheres suspended in deionized aqueous media and confined near a rough charged surface. It is found that the static orientational correlation function g6(r) decays exponentially for intermediate and strong pinning, in agreement with theories. The driven depinning is dominated by thermally activated creep motion along 1D-like channels between regions with short-range order. A coexistence model is proposed for describing the observations.     

Vortex-pair dynamics in anisotropic bistable media: a kinematic approach

In isotropic bistable media, a vortex pair typically evolves into rotating spiral waves. In an anisotropic system, instead of spiral waves, the vortices can form wave fragments that propagate with a constant speed in a given direction determined by the system's anisotropy. The fragments may propagate invariably, shrink, or expand. We develop a kinematic approach for the study of vortex-pair dynamics in anisotropic bistable media and use it to capture the wave fragment dynamics.