Essential oil of Turnera ulmifolia leaves from Cuba

The chemical composition of the volatile compounds from the leaves of Turnera ulmifolia L. (Turneraceae) from Cuba was studied by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-four volatile compounds were identified, of which the major ones were beta-caryophyllene (21.5%) and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (18.4%).     

青蒿挥发性化学成分分析

用同时蒸馏－萃取装置（ＳＤＥ）提取了青蒿的挥发性物质,用ＧＣ－ＭＳ法分析鉴定出５０种化合物,其中主要成分为醛类（１８．１６％）、酮类（８．２４％）、醇类（１７．３６％）、酯类（１１．０２％）、酸类（７．３１％）、烃及萜类（２５．５８％）、杂环类（１０．３８％）,占总检出量的９８．０５％。     

Essential oil from leaves of Lantana canescens and L. lopez-palacii grown in Colombia

The chemical composition of the volatile compounds from the leaves of Lantana canescens Kunth (Verbenaceae) and L. lopez-palacii Moldenke grown in Colombia were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. One hundred and thirty-nine volatile compounds were identified in L. canescens, of which the major ones were beta-caryophyllene (13.5%), germacrene D (10.3%) and 1-octen-3-ol (8.4%). In the oil obtained from L. lopez-palacii, eighty-three compounds were identified, of which the most prominent were 1-octen-3-ol (24.4%) and beta-caryophyllene (15.2%). The in vitro antibacterial activity of the L. lopez-palacii essential oil was studied against three bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method. No antimicrobial activity was found against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sakazakii and Listeria monocytogenes.     

Volatiles from Magnolia grandiflora flowers: comparative analysis by simultaneous distillation-extraction and solid phase microextraction

The composition of the volatile compounds isolated by simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and headspace-solid phase microextraction (SPME) from flowers of Magnolia grandiflora growing in Cuba was investigated by GC/FID and GC/MS. Sixty-seven and thirty-four components were obtained by SDE and SPME, respectively. beta-Pinene (10.5%), geraniol (7.4%) and germacrene D (6.2%) were the main constituents of the volatile oil isolated by SDE, while (E)-beta-ocimene (24.6%), geraniol (18.9%), beta-elemene (11.2%) and germacrene D (9.9%) were the most abundant in the headspace of the flowers, respectively.     

Volatiles from Michelia champaca flower: comparative analysis by simultaneous distillation-extraction and solid phase microextraction

The chemical composition of the volatile compounds isolated by simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and headspace-solid phase microextraction (SPME) from flowers of Michelia champaca growing in Cuba was investigated by GC/FID and GC/MS. Sixty-seven and thirty-four components were identified by SDE and SPME, respectively, with 1,8-cineole (22.8%) as the main constituent in the volatile oil isolated by SDE, and methyl benzoate (30.3%), indole (16.6%) and beta-elemene (10.4%) the major components detected by SPME.     

Application of a thermal desorption cold trap injector to multidimensional GC and GC-MS

The Thermal desorption Cold Trap injector (TCT) was used as a part of modified multidimensional GC (MDGC) or MDGC mass spectroscopy (MS) systems. These systems were based on a preparative GC (GC1), an analytical GC (GC2), or GC-MS and the TCT. The TCT was mounted on the GC2 or GC-MS. Analysis was carried out as follows: first, the volatile compounds heart-cut after separation on the GC1 column were adsorbed onto the Porapak Q column out of the GC1 oven. This Porapak Q column was then coupled to the TCT, and the volatile compounds adsorbed on the Porapak Q were thermally desorbed, cold trapped, and injected onto an analytical column in the GC2 or GC-MS. Repeatability of the retention time (RT) and area % of model samples consisting of citronellol, decanol, and geranyl acetate was examined. Also, the volatile compounds present at very low concentrations in ethanol solution were concentrated on the Porapak Q column. These were injected onto the analytical column by the same method as described above, and the repeatability of the RT and area % on the chromatogram was examined. In the two experiments, the standard deviation of the RT and area % for each compound was about 0.02 and less than 2.85, respectively. A commercial geranium oil was successfully analyzed by this technique. The results indicate that this modified MDGC and MDGC-MS system are very useful for detection and determination of compounds in complex mixtures.     

毛细管气相色谱和气相色谱/质谱法分析五灵脂挥发性成分

利用同时蒸馏萃取法（SDE）提取五灵中的挥发性组分。SE－54柱和PEG－20M柱上用气相色谱－质谱法分别检出122个和96个峰。其中有51种峰质谱检索结果相同,它们占总峰面积的56.3％。进一步用程序升温保留指数确认了其中33种化合物,占总峰面积的35.7%。含量较高的组分有：十二酸（7.00%),α－雪松醇（4.41％）,四甲基吡嗪（4.10%）,寸上酸（3.37％）,1－（3－甲苯基）乙酮（2.53%),苯甲醛（2.42％）,2－甲氧基苯酚（2.11%)。从化合物的种类来看,主要为醇类（10种）,酮类（8种）,醛类（8种）,醛类（6种）、烯类（5种）、酸类（4种）,酚类（4种）。     

Fast analysis of volatile organic compounds and disinfection by-products in drinking water using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry

A fast method was developed for the extraction and analysis of volatile organic compounds, including disinfection by-products (DBPs), with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. A GC/time-of-flight (TOF)-MS instrument, which had fast acquisition rates and powerful deconvolution software, was used. Under optimum conditions total runtime was 45s. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including purgeable A and B compounds (listed in US Environmental Protection Agency method 624), were identified in standard water samples. Extraction times were 1min for more volatile compounds and 2min for less volatile compounds. The method was applied to the analysis of water samples treated under different disinfection processes and the results were compared with those from a liquid-liquid extraction method.     

酸枣仁中挥发性化学成分分析

报道了用蒸馏-萃取法提取酸枣仁中挥发性物质，测得酸枣仁挥发油的含量为10．40％，用GC／MS法从酸枣果肉挥发油中分离并确定出38种化学成分。用峰面积归一化法通过化学工作站数据处理系统，得出各化学成分在挥发油中的含量。其中主要成分为酯类化合物占挥发油总量的76．12％，其次为酸类化合物为7．65％，醇类化合物为3．43％，醚类化合物为2．16％，烷烃化合物为4．61％，其它类化合物仅占4．85％。共占酸枣仁中挥发油总量的98．82％。     

GC-MS分析南方红豆杉种子中的挥发油

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取南方红豆杉种子中的挥发油，测得南方红豆杉种子挥发油的收率为2．5％。通过GC-MS技术分析了南方红豆杉种子中挥发油的化学成分。按照GC／MS通用法则，初步确定了24种化合物的结构。并用峰面积归一化法得出在挥发油中的各化学成分。其中主要成分酸类占挥发油总量的81．28％．其次的烷烃类化合物为12．74％，醛类化合物为1．80％，不饱和烷烃类化合物1．44％，醇类化合物占0、89％，酯类化合物为0．52％，胺类化合物为0．34％。这几类物质占种子中挥发油总量的99．01％。     

Chemical composition of the essential oil of Thalectrum minus L. of Iran

The volatile constituents of the essential oil of Thalictrum minus L. growing wild in Kurdistan-Iran were investigated by GC and GC / MS technique. Twelve compounds, representing 100% of the total oil were identified. The main components were: Thymol (66.63%), para-Cymene (13.05%), gamma-Terpinene (7.32%), Carvacrol (3.70%), 1,8-Cineole (2.02%).     

气相色谱/质谱法分析曼陀罗果实挥发油的化学成分

用水蒸汽蒸馏法从曼陀罗果实中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,用峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对含量。结果确定了68种化合物,占挥发油总量的82.83%,其主要成分为6-戊基-5,6-二氢化吡喃-2-酮(9.13%)、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯-1-醇(6.71%)、二苯酮(6.16%)和1-己醇(6.10%)等。     

Chemical composition of the essential oil of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew. of Iran

The volatile constituents in the essential oil of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew., growing wild in Kurdistan, Iran were investigated through GC and GC/MS technique. Twenty-six compounds, representing 21 (80.77%) of the total oil were identified. The main components were: alpha-pinene (25.28%), alpha-fenchyl acetate (20.63%), limonene (9.94%), beta-caryophyllene (8.20%), camphene (4.31%), delta-cadinene (3.32%), beta-pinene (3.21%), alpha-amorphene (2.80%), valencene (2.73%), ledene (2.25%) and p-cymene (1.63%).     

顶空进样GC-MS结合保留指数分析墨旱莲挥发性成分

采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱法(HS-GC-MS)对墨旱莲的挥发性成分进行检测,并结合保留指数对其分析鉴定。结果检测到60个组分,鉴定出33个可能的组分,占挥发性成分的70.0%。该研究为墨旱莲药材挥发性成分的指纹图谱研究奠定了基础。     

黄柏挥发性化学成分分析

报道了用同时蒸馏－萃取装置（SDE）提取黄柏的挥发性物质,测得黄柏挥发油的含量为0．45％,用GC／MS法从黄柏挥发油中分离并确认出41种化学成分;用峰面积归一化法通过化学工作站数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的百分含量,其中主要成分为酮类（16．38％）、醛类（13．94％）、醇类（8．27％）、酚类（50．38％）、酸类（2．18％）、其他类成分仅占3．33％,共占总检出量的97．5％。     

Characterization of volatile substances in apples from Rosaceae family by headspace solid‐phase microextraction followed by GC‐qMS

The volatile composition of different apple varieties of Malus domestica Borkh. species from different geographic regions at Madeira Islands, namely Ponta do Pargo (PP), Porto Santo (PS), and Santo da Serra (SS) was established by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) procedure followed by GC‐MS (GC‐qMS) analysis. Significant parameters affecting sorption process such as fiber coating, extraction temperature, extraction time, sample amount, dilution factor, ionic strength, and desorption time, were optimized and discussed. The SPME fiber coated with 50/30 μm divinylbenzene/carboxen/PDMS (DVB/CAR/PDMS) afforded highest extraction efficiency of volatile compounds, providing the best sensitivity for the target volatiles, particularly when the samples were extracted at 50°C for 30 min with constant magnetic stirring. A qualitative and semi‐quantitative analysis between the investigated apple species has been established. It was possible to identify about 100 of volatile compounds among pulp (46, 45, and 39), peel (64, 60, and 64), and entire fruit (65, 43, and 50) in PP, PS, and SS apples, respectively. Ethyl esters, terpenes, and higher alcohols were found to be the most representative volatiles. α‐Farnesene, hexan‐1‐ol and hexyl 2‐methylbutyrate were the compounds found in the volatile profile of studied apples with the largest GC area, representing, on average, 24.71, 14.06, and 10.80% of the total volatile fraction from PP, PS, and SS apples. In PP entire apple, the most abundant compounds identified were α‐farnesene (30.49%), the unknown compound m/z (69, 101, 157) (21.82%) and hexyl acetate (6.57%). Regarding PS entire apple the major compounds were α‐farnesene (16.87%), estragole (15.43%), hexan‐1‐ol (10.94), and E‐2‐hexenal (10.67). α‐Farnesene (30.3%), hexan‐1‐ol (18.90%), 2‐methylbutanoic acid (4.7%), and pentan‐1‐ol (4.6%) were also found as SS entire apple volatiles present in a higher relative content. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the results clustered the apples into three groups according to geographic origin. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed in order to detect the volatile compounds able to differentiate the three kinds of apples investigated. The most important contributions to the differentiation of the PP, PS, and SS apples were ethyl hexanoate, hexyl 2‐methylbutyrate, E,E‐2,4‐heptadienal, p‐ethyl styrene, and E‐2‐hexenal.     

Phytochemical analysis of Saponaria officinalis L. shoots and flowers essential oils

Phytochemical analysis by GC and GC/MS of the essential oil samples obtained from fresh shoots and flowers of Saponaria officinalis L. allowed the identification of 96 components in total, comprising 94.7% and 86.0% of the total oils compositions, respectively. Regarding the shoots essential oil, the major of 87 identified volatile compounds were phytol (14.1%), tricosane-6,8-dione (13.4%), patchouli alcohol (7.9%) and tricosane (7.2%), whereas patchouli alcohol (20.0%), heneicosane (11.5%) and tricosane (8.4%) were dominant among the 66 volatiles in the flower oil. Nonterpenoid compounds had the highest contribution in S. officinalis shoots essential oil (53.7%), while in the flower oil, constituents were almost evenly distributed between the oxygenated sesquiterpenoid (41.2%) and nonterpenoid compounds (39.5%).     

Volatile constituents of Festuca nigrescens, Phleum alpinum and Poa alpina from N. W. Italian Alpine pastures

The composition of the volatile fractions of three important grasses from sub-alpine N.W. Italian pastures, namely Festuca nigrescens Lam. non Gaudin (chewing fescue), Phleum alpinum L. (alpine timothy) and Poa alpina L. (alpine bluegrass) was investigated. The fresh aerial parts were collected at the flowering stage during the summer season. The volatile oils obtained from green tissues by steam distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The oil yield was 0.04 +/- 0.01% weight/fresh weight bases for each of the investigated species. Several classes of compounds were found in the volatile fractions, including aldehydes, alcohols, acids, hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, terpenes, and phenolics. Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed.     

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Rosmarinus officinalis Cultivated in the Algerian Sahara

The volatile compounds obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis cultivated at the Algerian Sahara were analyzed by GC/MS. Thirty compounds were characterized representing 98.2% of the essential oil with 1,8-cineole (29.5%), 2-ethyl-4,5-dimethylphenol (12.0%) and camphor (11.5%) as the major components.     

薏苡仁挥发性成份的分析

本文应用同时蒸馏－萃取装置提取了薏苡仁的挥发物质，用ＧＣ／ＭＳ方法分离鉴定了５５种成份，其中主要成份为醇类（１４．１％）、醛类（９．８５％）、酮类（３．０７％）、酸类（５．９６％）、酯类（２．７４％）、烃与萜类（５０．４３％）、杂环类（１２．４５％），占总挥发物质的９８．６％。