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1.
We show that for most non-scalar systems of conservation laws in dimension greater than one, one does not have BV estimates of the form $$\begin{gathered} \parallel \overline V u(\overline t )\parallel _{T.V.} \leqq F(\parallel \overline V u(0)\parallel _{T.V.} ), \hfill \\ F \in C(\mathbb{R}),F(0) = 0,F Lipshitzean at 0, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ even for smooth solutions close to constants. Analogous estimates forL p norms $$\parallel u(\overline t ) - \overline u \parallel _{L^p } \leqq F(\parallel u(0) - \overline u \parallel _{L^p } ),p \ne 2$$ withF as above are also false. In one dimension such estimates are the backbone of the existing theory.  相似文献   

2.
We consider the time-dependent Schrödinger-Hartree equation (1) $$iu_t + \Delta u = \left( {\frac{1}{r}*|u|^2 } \right)u + \lambda \frac{u}{r},(t, x) \in \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^3 ,$$ (2) $$u(0,x) = \phi (x) \in \Sigma ^{2,2} ,x \in \mathbb{R}^3 ,$$ where λ≧0 and \(\Sigma ^{2,2} = \{ g \in L^2 ;\parallel g\parallel _{\Sigma ^{2,2} }^2 = \sum\limits_{|a| \leqq 2} {\parallel D^a g\parallel _2^2 + \sum\limits_{|\beta | \leqq 2} {\parallel x^\beta g\parallel _2^2< \infty } } \} \) . We show that there exists a unique global solutionu of (1) and (2) such that $$u \in C(\mathbb{R};H^{1,2} ) \cap L^\infty (\mathbb{R};H^{2,2} ) \cap L_{loc}^\infty (\mathbb{R};\Sigma ^{2,2} )$$ with $$u \in L^\infty (\mathbb{R};L^2 ).$$ Furthermore, we show thatu has the following estimates: $$\parallel u(t)\parallel _{2,2} \leqq C,a.c. t \in \mathbb{R},$$ and $$\parallel u(t)\parallel _\infty \leqq C(1 + |t|)^{ - 1/2} ,a.e. t \in \mathbb{R}.$$   相似文献   

3.
205,207Po have keen implanted with an isotope separator on-line into cold host matrices of Fe, Ni, Zn and Be. Nuclear magnetic resonance of oriented207Po has been observed in Fe and Ni, of205Po in Fe. The resonance frequencies for zero external field are $$\begin{gathered} v_L (^{207} Po\underline {Fe} ) = 575.08(20)MHz \hfill \\ v_L (^{207} Po\underline {Ni} ) = 160.1(8)MHz \hfill \\ v_L (^{205} Po\underline {Fe} ) = 551.7(8)MHz. \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ From the dependence of the resonance frequency on external magnetic field theg-factor of207Po was derived as $$g(^{207} Po) = + 0.31(22).$$ Using this value the magnetic hyperfine fields of Po in Fe and Ni were obtained as $$\begin{gathered} B_{hf} (Po\underline {Fe} ) = + 238(16)T \hfill \\ B_{hf} (Po\underline {Ni} ) = 66.3(4.6)T. \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ Theg-factor of205Po follows as $$g(^{205} Po) = + 0.304(22).$$ From the temperature dependence of the anisotropies ofγ-lines in the decay of205,207Po the multipole mixing of several transitions was derived. The electric interaction frequenciesv Q=eQVzz/h in the hosts Zn and Be were measured as $$\begin{gathered} v_Q (^{207} Po\underline {Zn} ) = + 42(3)MHz \hfill \\ v_Q (^{207} Po\underline {Be} ) = - 70(20)MHz \hfill \\ v_Q (^{205} Po\underline {Be} ) = - 42(17)MHz. \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$   相似文献   

4.
New measurements of the total crosssections of charged-current interactions of muonneutrinos and antineutrinos on isoscalar nuclei have been performed. Data were recorded in an exposure of the CHARM detector in an 160 GeV narrow-band beam. The antineutrino flux was determined from the measurements of the pion and kaon flux, and independently from the muon flux measured in the shield; the two methods are found to agree. The neutrino flux was determined from the muon flux ratio forv μ and \(\bar v_\mu \) runs which was normalized to the antineutrino flux. The cross-section slopes thus determined are $$\begin{gathered} \sigma _T^{\bar v} /E = (0.335 \pm 0.004(stat) \hfill \\ \pm 0.010(syst)).10^{ - 38} cm^2 /(GeV \cdot nucleon) \hfill \\ \sigma _T^v /E = (0.686 \pm 0.002(stat) \hfill \\ \pm 0.020(syst)).10^{ - 38} cm^2 /(GeV \cdot nucleon) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ The momentum sum of the quarks in the nucleon and the ratio of sea quark to total quark momentum are derived from the measurements.  相似文献   

5.
We calculate, exactly, the next-to-leading correction to the relation between the \(\overline {MS} \) quark mass, \(\bar m\) , and the scheme-independent pole mass,M, and obtain $$\begin{gathered} \frac{M}{{\bar m(M)}} \approx 1 + \frac{4}{3}\frac{{\bar \alpha _s (M)}}{\pi } + \left[ {16.11 - 1.04\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{N_F - 1} {(1 - M_i /M)} } \right] \hfill \\ \cdot \left( {\frac{{\bar \alpha _s (M)}}{\pi }} \right)^2 + 0(\bar \alpha _s^3 (M)), \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ as an accurate approximation forN F?1 light quarks of massesM i <M. Combining this new result with known three-loop results for \(\overline {MS} \) coupling constant and mass renormalization, we relate the pole mass to the \(\overline {MS} \) mass, \(\bar m\) (μ), renormalized at arbitrary μ. The dominant next-to-leading correction comes from the finite part of on-shell two-loop mass renormalization, evaluated using integration by parts and checked by gauge invariance and infrared finiteness. Numerical results are given for charm and bottom \(\overline {MS} \) masses at μ=1 GeV. The next-to-leading corrections are comparable to the leading corrections.  相似文献   

6.
The results of the measurements of radiative decays of ρ and ω mesons with the Neutral Detector at thee + e ? collider VEPP-2M are presented. The branching ratio of the decay ω→π 0γ was measured with higher than in previous experiments accuracy: $${\rm B}(\omega \to \pi ^0 \gamma ) = 0.0888 \pm 0.0062$$ . The ρ0π 0 γ branching ratio was measured for the first time: $$B(\rho ^0 \to \pi ^0 \gamma ) = (7.9 \pm 2.0) \cdot 10^{ - 4} $$ . The decays ρ, ω→ηγ were studied. Their branching ratios with the assumption of constructive ρ?ω interference are: $$\begin{gathered} B(\omega \to \eta \gamma ) = (7.3 \pm 2.9) \cdot 10^{ - 4} , \hfill \\ B(\rho \to \eta \gamma ) = (4.0 \pm 1.1) \cdot 10^{ - 4} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ . The branching ratios of ρ, ω→ηγ and ω→e + e ? decays were also measured: $$\begin{gathered} B(\omega \to \pi ^ + \pi ^ - \pi ^0 ) = 0.8942 \pm 0.0062, \hfill \\ B(\omega \to e^ + e^ - ) = (7.14 \pm 0.36) \cdot 10^{ - 5} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ . The upper limit for the ω→π 0 π 0 γ branching ratio was placed: B(ωπ 0 π 0 γ)<4·10?4 at 90% confidence level.  相似文献   

7.
Results are presented for the inclusive reactions $$\begin{gathered} \pi ^ - p \to \Lambda + X \hfill \\ \pi ^ - p \to K^0 + X \hfill \\ \pi ^ - p \to \Sigma (1385) + X \hfill \\ \pi ^ - p \to K(890) + X \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ at 3.95 GeV/c incident momentum, using data from a high statistics bubble chamber experiment. The total and differential inclusive cross sections are presented and compared with previous measurements. The forward backward asymmetries in Λ and Σ(1385) production are studied in the context of triple Regge theory. A phenomenological analysis of inclusive Λ production including the Λ polarization is presented.  相似文献   

8.
Under conditions which are sufficiently general for physical applications the trace inequalities $$tr e^{ - (A + B)} \leqq tr e^{ - A} e^{ - B} $$ and $$|tr e^{ - (A + iB)} | \leqq tr e^{ - A} $$ withA andB self adjoint are shown in a rigorous manner.  相似文献   

9.
We derive model independent lower bounds for the sums of effective quark masses \(\bar m_u + \bar m_d \) and \(\bar m_u + \bar m_s \) . The bounds follow from the combination of the spectral representation properties of the hadronic axial currents two-point functions and their behavior in the deep euclidean region (known from a perturbative QCD calculation to two loops and the leading non-perturbative contribution). The bounds incorporate PCAC in the Nambu-Goldstone version. If we define the invariant masses \(\hat m\) by $$\bar m_i = \hat m_i \left( {{{\frac{1}{2}\log Q^2 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\frac{1}{2}\log Q^2 } {\Lambda ^2 }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\Lambda ^2 }}} \right)^{{{\gamma _1 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\gamma _1 } {\beta _1 }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\beta _1 }}} $$ and <F 2> is the vacuum expectation value of $$F^2 = \Sigma _a F_{(a)}^{\mu v} F_{\mu v(a)} $$ , we find, e.g., $$\hat m_u + \hat m_d \geqq \sqrt {\frac{{2\pi }}{3} \cdot \frac{{8f_\pi m_\pi ^2 }}{{3\left\langle {\alpha _s F^2 } \right\rangle ^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} }}} $$ ; with the value <α u F 2?0.04GeV4, recently suggested by various analysis, this gives $$\hat m_u + \hat m_d \geqq 35MeV$$ . The corresponding bounds on \(\bar m_u + \bar m_s \) are obtained replacingm π 2 f π bym K 2 f K . The PCAC relation can be inverted, and we get upper bounds on the spontaneous masses, \(\hat \mu \) : $$\hat \mu \leqq 170MeV$$ where \(\hat \mu \) is defined by $$\left\langle {\bar \psi \psi } \right\rangle \left( {Q^2 } \right) = \left( {{{\frac{1}{2}\log Q^2 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\frac{1}{2}\log Q^2 } {\Lambda ^2 }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\Lambda ^2 }}} \right)^d \hat \mu ^3 ,d = {{12} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{12} {\left( {33 - 2n_f } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {33 - 2n_f } \right)}}$$ .  相似文献   

10.
Using algebraic methods, we find the three-loop relation between the bare and physical couplings of one-flavourD-dimensional QED, in terms of Γ functions and a singleF 32 series, whose expansion nearD=4 is obtained, by wreath-product transformations, to the order required for five-loop calculations. Taking the limitD→4, we find that the \(\overline {MS} \) coupling \(\bar \alpha (\mu )\) satisfies the boundary condition $$\begin{gathered} \frac{{\bar \alpha (m)}}{\pi } = \frac{\alpha }{\pi } + \frac{{15}}{{16}}\frac{{\alpha ^3 }}{{\pi ^3 }} + \left\{ {\frac{{11}}{{96}}\zeta (3) - \frac{1}{3}\pi ^2 \log 2} \right. \hfill \\ \left. { + \frac{{23}}{{72}}\pi ^2 - \frac{{4867}}{{5184}}} \right\}\frac{{\alpha ^4 }}{{\pi ^4 }} + \mathcal{O}(\alpha ^5 ), \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ wherem is the physical lepton mass and α is the physical fine structure constant. Combining this new result for the finite part of three-loop on-shell charge renormalization with the recently revised four-loop term in the \(\overline {MS} \) β-function, we obtain $$\begin{gathered} \Lambda _{QED}^{\overline {MS} } \approx \frac{{me^{3\pi /2\alpha } }}{{(3\pi /\alpha )^{9/8} }}\left( {1 - \frac{{175}}{{64}}\frac{\alpha }{\pi } + \left\{ { - \frac{{63}}{{64}}\zeta (3)} \right.} \right. \hfill \\ \left. { + \frac{1}{2}\pi ^2 \log 2 - \frac{{23}}{{48}}\pi ^2 + \frac{{492473}}{{73728}}} \right\}\left. {\frac{{\alpha ^2 }}{{\pi ^2 }}} \right), \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ at the four-loop level of one-flavour QED.  相似文献   

11.
The identity $$\sum\limits_{v = 0} {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n + 1} \\ v \\ \end{array} } \right)\left[ {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n - v} \\ v \\ \end{array} } \right) - \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n - v} \\ {v - 1} \\ \end{array} } \right)} \right] = ( - 1)^n } $$ is proved and, by means of it, the coefficients of the decomposition ofD 1 n into irreducible representations are found. It holds: ifD 1 n \(\mathop {\sum ^n }\limits_{m = 0} A_{nm} D_m \) , then $$A_{nm} = \mathop \sum \limits_{\lambda = 0} \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} n \\ \lambda \\ \end{array} } \right)\left[ {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} \lambda \\ {n - m - \lambda } \\ \end{array} } \right) - \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} \lambda \\ {n - m - \lambda - 1} \\ \end{array} } \right)} \right].$$   相似文献   

12.
The static hyperfine field ofB hf 4.2k (ErHo) = 739(18)T of a ferromagnetic holmium single crystal polarized in an external magnetic field of ± 0.48T at ~4.2K was used for integral perturbed γ-γ angular correlation (IPAQ measurements of the g-factors of collective states of166Er. The 1,200y 166m Ho activity was used which populates the ground state band and the γ vibrational band up to high spins. The results: $$\begin{gathered} g(4_g^ + ) = + 0.315(16) \hfill \\ g(6_g^ + ) = + 0.258(11) \hfill \\ g(8_g^ + ) = + 0.262(47)and \hfill \\ g(6_\gamma ^ + ) = + 0.254(32) \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ exhibit a significant reduction of the g-factors with increasing rotational angular momentum. The followingE2/M1 mixing ratios of interband transitions were derived from the angular correlation coefficients: $$\begin{gathered} 5_\gamma ^ + \Rightarrow 4_g^ + :\delta (810keV) = - (36_{ - 7}^{ + 11} ) \hfill \\ 7_\gamma ^ + \Rightarrow 6_g^ + :\delta (831keV) = - (18_{ - 2}^{ + 3} )and \hfill \\ 7_\gamma ^ + \Rightarrow 8_g^ + :\delta (465keV) = - (63_{ - 12}^{ + 19} ). \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ The results are discussed and compared with theoretical predictions.  相似文献   

13.
Using the atomic beam magnetic resonance method, precision measurements of the hyperfine structure and Zeeman interactions have been performed in the ground state 4f 126s 2 3 H 6 of167Er. The experimental data were analyzed using an effective operator parametrized in the space of states of the ground state multiplet. It yielded eight effective hyperfine structure and Zeeman interaction constants which served to calculate the seven hyperfine separations of the ground state. The results are: $$\begin{gathered} 2F 2F' v_{FF'} (MHz) \hfill \\ 5 7 - 354.371 9409 (27) \hfill \\ 7 9 - 2{\text{78}}{\text{.231}} {\text{8263(14)}} \hfill \\ {\text{9}} 11 - 69.050 7785 (4) \hfill \\ 11 13 + 302.735 3731(12) \hfill \\ 13 15 + 866.691 3871(10) \hfill \\ 15 17 + 1,652.383 5154 (6) \hfill \\ 17 19 + 2,689.380 8050(10) \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ From the effective Zeeman interaction constants it was possible to determine an improvedg I -value, uncorrected for atomic diamagnetism: $$ g_I = + 0.086 775 (19) \cdot 10^{ - 3}$$ Furthermore a hexadecapole interaction corresponding to a diagonal hexadecapole interaction constant $$A_4 = - 16 (10) Hz$$ could be established which is of the order of magnitude expected from Coulomb excitation experiments as well as theoretical calculations.  相似文献   

14.
Applying a recently developed evaporation technique for refractory elements the following results have been obtained for Ta181 in an atomic beam magnetic resonance experiment studying the hyperfine structure of 3 levels of the ground state multiplet4 F: $$\begin{gathered} g_J (^4 F_{3/2} ) = 0.45024 (4) \hfill \\ \Delta v (^4 F_{3/2} ;F = 5 \leftrightarrow F = 4) = 1822.389 (6) MHz \hfill \\ \Delta v (^4 F_{3/2} ;F = 4 \leftrightarrow F = 3) = 2325.537 (2) MHz \hfill \\ \Delta v (^4 F_{5/2} ;F = 6 \leftrightarrow F = 5) = 1451.476 (7) MHz \hfill \\ \Delta v (^4 F_{5/2} ;F = 5 \leftrightarrow F = 4) = 1537.530 (8) MHz \hfill \\ \Delta v (^4 F_{5/2} ;F = 4 \leftrightarrow F = 3) = 1444.685 (2) MHz \hfill \\ \Delta v (^4 F_{7/2} ;F = 4 \leftrightarrow F = 3) = 1218.372 (2) MHz. \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ From these measurements the following constants of the magnetic dipole interaction (A) and the electric quadrupole interaction (B) have been derived: $$\begin{gathered} A (^4 F_{3/2} ) = 509.0801 (8) MHz \hfill \\ B (^4 F_{3/2} ) = - 1012.251 (8) MHz \hfill \\ A (^4 F_{5/2} ) = 313.4681 (8) MHz \hfill \\ B (^4 F_{5/2} ) = - 834.820 (12) MHz. \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$   相似文献   

15.
Theg-factor of the 181 keV-level of99Tc has been redetermined by the spin rotation method. Measurements with polycrystalline sources of Tc in Fe, Co, and Ni yielded values of the hyperfine fields at the Tc nucleus. $$\begin{gathered} g = + 1.310(25) \hfill \\ H_{hf} (Tc{\mathbf{ }}in{\mathbf{ }}Fe) = ( - )290(15)kOe \hfill \\ H_{hf} (Tc{\mathbf{ }}in{\mathbf{ }}Co) = ( - )170(5)kOe \hfill \\ H_{hf} (Tc{\mathbf{ }}in{\mathbf{ }}Ni) = - 47.8(1.5)kOe. \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$   相似文献   

16.
Results of the search for rare radiative decay modes of the ?-meson performed with the Neutral Detector at the VEPP-2M collider are presented. For the first time upper limits for the branching ratios of the following decay modes have been placed at 90% confidence level: $$\begin{gathered} B(\phi \to \eta '\gamma )< 4 \cdot 10^{ - 4} , \hfill \\ B(\phi \to \pi ^0 \pi ^0 \gamma )< 10^{ - 3} , \hfill \\ B(\phi \to f_0 (975)\gamma )< 2 \cdot 10^{ - 3} , \hfill \\ B(\phi \to H\gamma )< 3 \cdot 10^{ - 4} , \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ whereH is a scalar (Higgs) boson with a mass 600 MeV<m H <1000 MeV, the real measurement isB(φH γB(H→2π0)<0.8·10-4, the quoted result is model dependent, as explained in the text, $$\begin{gathered} B(\phi \to a\gamma ) \cdot B(a \to e^ + e^ - )< 5 \cdot 10^{ - 5} , \hfill \\ B(\phi \to a\gamma ) \cdot B(a \to \gamma \gamma )< 2 \cdot 10^{ - 3} , \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ wherea is a particle with a low mass and a short lifetime, $$B(\phi \to a\gamma )< 0.7 \cdot 10^{ - 5} ,$$ wherea is a particle with a low mass not observed in the detector.  相似文献   

17.
Let $$\begin{gathered} u^* = u + \in \eta (x,{\text{ }}t,{\text{ }}u), \hfill \\ \hfill \\ \hfill \\ x^* = x + \in \xi (x, t, u{\text{),}} \hfill \\ \hfill \\ \hfill \\ {\text{t}}^{\text{*}} = {\text{ }}t + \in \tau {\text{(}}x,{\text{ }}t,{\text{ }}u), \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ be an infinitesimal invariant transformation of the evolution equation u t =H(x,t,u,?u/?x,...,? n :u/?x n . In this paper we give an explicit expression for \(\eta ^{X^i }\) in the ‘determining equation’ $$\eta ^T = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {{\text{ }}\eta ^{X^i } {\text{ }}\frac{{\partial H}}{{\partial u_i }} + \eta \frac{{\partial H}}{{\partial u_{} }} + \xi \frac{{\partial H}}{{\partial x}} + \tau } \frac{{\partial H}}{{\partial t}},$$ where u i =? i u/?x i . By using this expression we derive a set of equations with η, ξ, τ as unknown functions and discuss in detail the cases of heat and KdV equations.  相似文献   

18.
All experimental data on leptonic decays of Baryons available after the Kiev Conference on High Energy Physics (Sept. 1970) are used to fit the parameters of the Cabibbo theory. Especially new results on σ? and Λ leptonic decays and the values of the Σ± lifetime are included. The data are consistent with the one angle Cabibbo theory. The results for the three parameters are: $$\begin{gathered} \theta = 0.239 \pm 0.005 \hfill \\ g_1^F = 0.451 \pm 0.019 \hfill \\ g_1^D = 0.777 \pm 0.021. \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$   相似文献   

19.
A parametrization of theJ p =0? hadronic continuum, in the framework of Extended PCAC, is discussed with emphasis on finite-width effects and on the constraints imposed by the correct threshold behavior of the pion spectral function. As an application light quark masses are calculated using both Hilbert and Laplace transform QCD sum rules. The results for the runing quark masses are: \((\bar m_u + \bar m_d )|_{1 Gev} = 16 \pm 2 MeV,(\bar m_u + \bar m_s )|_{1 Gev} = 199 \pm 27 MeV\) , and a ratio \(R \equiv 2(\bar m_u + \bar m_s )/(\bar m_u + \bar m_d )_{1 Gev} = 25 \pm 4\) .  相似文献   

20.
Neutron-deficient osmium and rhenium isotopes were produced by bombarding an enriched144Sm target with beams of27Al and28Si. Previously reported decay data concerning168,169,170Os were confirmed. Three newα groups, observed in the144Sm+27Al reaction, were assigned to the decay of166,167,168Re based on excitation functions,α-energy systematics and theoretical half-life predictions. Their decay properties are: $$\begin{gathered} {}^{166}\operatorname{Re} , E_\alpha = 5,372 (10) keV, T_{1/2} = 2.8 (3) s; \hfill \\ {}^{167}\operatorname{Re} , E_\alpha = 5,136 (8) keV, T_{1/2} = 6.1 (2) s and \hfill \\ {}^{168}\operatorname{Re} , E_\alpha = 4,894 (10) keV, T_{1/2} = 6.9 (8) s. \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ It is proposed that twoα groups, observed in the144Sm+28Si reaction, originate from isomeric states in168,169Re. Our measured data for the isomeric states are: $$\begin{gathered} {}^{168m}\operatorname{Re} , E_\alpha = 5,250 (10) keV, T_{1/2} = 6.6 (15) s and \hfill \\ {}^{169m}\operatorname{Re} , E_\alpha = 5,050 (10) keV, T_{1/2} = 12.9 (11) s. \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$   相似文献   

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