Influence of coupling constants on nuclear symmetry energy

By studying the energy of neutron star matter, we discuss the nuclear symmetry energy at different baryon densities and different coupling constants in the relativistic mean field approximation. The results show that the symmetry energy increases with baryon density at various coupling constants and incompressibilities. Further-more, the symmetry energy at saturation density increases with increasing incompressibility at fixed d, and decreases at fixed c. Specifically, when coupling constants gv and gs are fixed, respectively, the symmetry energy has a little change with increasing incompressibility. It is demonstrated that the NN coupling constants have greater influences on the symmetry energy than the self-coupling constants.     

Hyperfine coupling constants and their dependence on charge densities

In paramagnetic aromatic systems the relation between the hyperfine coupling constants a _H for the protons and the spin density ρ on the adjacent carbon atom is usually given by the relation a _H = -Qρ (McConnell) in which Q is a constant characteristic for the C-H bond. In the paramagnetic ions of aromatic molecules the carbon atoms have in general besides a non-zero spin density also a non-zero excess charge density.

If one takes into account both the effect of the spin density ρ and the excess charge density ε on the C-H bond, the following formula is obtained for the proton hyperfine coupling constant:

in which Q and K are predicted to be positive constants of the same order of magnitude.

Comparison with experimental data gives Q = 31·2 gauss; K = 17 gauss.     

Theoretical studies of solvent effects on nuclear spin-spin coupling constants

A theoretical study is presented of the effects of solvent molecular motion on nuclear spin-spin coupling constants. Solvent molecules are treated as point dipoles arranged around the solute molecule in a cubic closest packed arrangement. Average dipole moment vectors are given by a rotational Boltzmann average and the resulting perturbation is included in the Fock matrices. Calculations of nuclear spin-spin coupling constants were performed by self-consistent perturbation theory in the INDO (intermediate neglect of differential overlap) approximation of self-consistent-field molecular orbital theory. Calculated results are compared with the experimental data as well as the results of previous models.     

Least squares adjustment of the coupling constants in nuclear beta-decay

Assuming theV-A theory, fully polarized neutrinos, and lepton conservation, best values of the vector and axial vector coupling constants are deduced from all available data on neutron decay and from theft- values of¹⁴O,^26mAl and³⁴C1. Special consideration is given to the treatment of errors and to radiative corrections. For the determination of the coupling constantratio, radiative corrections are, at present, unimportant. We find ¦G_A/G_V¦=1.250 + 0.009 with a phase angle φ=(181.1±1.3)⁰. From the weighted mean ?t-value, including charge dependent and “outer” radiative corrections, we find an effective coupling constant G′_V=(1.413±0.002)x 10⁴⁹erg cm³. The error is mainly due to the uncertainty of charge dependent corrections.     

Ab initio calculation of 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants

The use of ab initio Hartree-Fock electric field gradient calculations to predict nitrogen nuclear quadrupole coupling constants is examined using basis sets of split valence to triple zeta plus polarization size. From results on 20 to 35 molecules for each basis, such calculations are shown to be of predictive value if systematic errors are eliminated by using regression-derived scaling factors, and the reliability of each basis is assessed. For field gradient calculations on larger molecules, a significantly better alternative to a minimal basis which adds little extra computational cost, is proposed.     

C-P(V)键核自旋偶合常数的理论研究

利用自然杂化轨道,以从头算级别的理论计算方法,选择较小基组STO-3G,研究了C-P(V)键的核自旋偶合常数,并用三种化合物进行验证,理论计算值较好地与文献值相符合.     

Spin-orbit coupling constants from semi-empirical wavefunctions

The problem of computing spin-orbit coupling constants from wave-functions of a semi-empirical variety are considered specifically for SCF wavefunctions with intermediate neglect of differential overlap. The incorporation of the 1s electrons into a ‘core’ should result in an effective nuclear charge of Z′ = Z - 2·5846 being used in one-electron terms, but for agreement with experiment the results have to be reduced by some 70 per cent. This reduction factor is different for ions. If the multiplicative factor is included good agreement between observed and calculated spin-orbit coupling constants is given.     

Scalar form factors and nuclear interactions

The scalar-isoscalar term in the two-pion exchange NN potential is abnormally large and does not respect the hierarchy of effects predicted by chiral perturbation theory. We argue that this anomaly is associated with non-perturbative effects, which are also present in the πN scalar form factor.     

Quark exchange and nuclear form factors

The Pauli principle requires nuclear wavefunctions to be antisymmetrized on the quark level. For a properly antisymmetrized wavefunction compared with a conventional nuclear wavefunction this means the introduction of quark-exchange terms. We included dinucleonic quark-exchange terms in the wavefunctions of p-shell nuclei and calculated observables. In the charge form factor the quark exchanges dominate for high momentum transfer. For heavier nuclei the importance of the quark-exchange contributions decreases.     

Nucleon charge form factors and chiral quark models

Calculations of the proton and neutron charge form factors G_E^p,n(q²) are presented, based on chiral bag as well as confining Dirac potential models with chiral pion-quark coupling. Special emphasis is placed on a detailed treatment of the charged pion cloud contribution to the nucleon current. The role of a finite extension of the pion-quark vertex in truncating the summation over intermediate quark bag states is studied. Quark core radii (including recoil corrections) are constrained by a simultaneous calculation of the nucleon axial form factor. The proton charge form factor is well reproduced for $\text{|q}{}^2\text{|}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{? 0.7}\text{GeV}$ with quark core rms radii between 0.5–0.6 fm. About $\text{1}\text{3}$ of the proton charge is carried by the pion cloud in this model. The neutron charge form factor is obtained with the correct sign and overall q² dependence but needs further refinements, probably at the level of the isoscalar form factor.     

Extracting nucleon strange and anapole form factors from world data

The complete world set of parity-violating electron scattering data up to Q2 approximately 0.3 GeV2 is analyzed. We extract the current experimental determination of the strange electric and magnetic form factors of the proton, as well as the weak axial form factors of the proton and neutron, at Q2=0.1 GeV2. Within experimental uncertainties, we find that the strange form factors are consistent with zero, as are the anapole contributions to the axial form factors. Nevertheless, the correlation between the strange and anapole contributions suggest that there is only a small probability that these form factors all vanish simultaneously.     

The microwave spectrum,structure and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for stibabenzene

The microwave spectrum of 121-SbC₅H₅, 123-SbC₅H₅, β-dideutero 121-SbC₅H₃D₂ and 123-SbC₅H₃D₂ has been assigned in the region 26.5–40.0 GHz. The respective rotational constants and uncertainties are: A = 4512.69 ± 0.42, B = 1738.00 ± 0.01, C = 1254.51 ± 0.01; A = 4512.84 ± 0.30, B = 1729.80 ± 0.01, C = 1250.22 ± 0.01; A = 4176.18 ± 0.33, B = 1660.94 ± 0.01, C = 1188.15 ± 0.01; A = 4176.60 ± 0.61, B = 1652.94 ± 0.03, C = 1184.03 ± 0.03 (in MHz units). The structure is found to be planar, C_2v in symmetry. The $\text{d(}\text{Sb-C}\text{) = 2.050 ± 0.005}\text{A}\text{?}$ and ∠CSbC = 92.9° ± 1.0°. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for the 121 and 123 antimony isotopes are χ_aa = 456.4 ± 4.1 MHz, η = 0.396 ± 0.008, and χ_aa = 583.00 ± 5.3 MHz, η = 0.399 ± 0.008, respectively. Several alternate techniques using the coupling constants as data support a σ-donating property for antimony.     

Analytic and “frozen” coupling constants in QCD up to NNLO from DIS data

Deep inelastic scattering data on the F ₂ structure function provided by the BCDMS, SLAC, and NMC Collaborations are analyzed in the nonsinglet approximation with the analytic and “frozen” modifications of the strong-coupling constant featuring no unphysical singularity (the Landau pole). Improvement of agreement between theory and experiment, with respect to the case of the standard perturbative definition of α _s considered recently, is observed and the higher-twist terms are shown to reduce at the next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy thus confirming earlier studies.     

Meson exchange effects on the charge form factors of the tri-nucleon system

The presence of meson exchange currents in the tri-nucleon system is shown to modify significantly the charge form factor of ³He in the region of the dip and the secondary maximum. As a result the form factor is considerably changed at high momentum transfer.     

Determination of the effective nuclear charge from EPR data using a modified crystal-field theory

We propose a scheme for determining the effective nuclear charge Z _ef^CF of a 3d ion placed in a crystal field of arbitrary symmetry. As an example, we consider the Co²⁺ ion in a matrix MCO₃ (M = Ca, Cd). We show that the effective nuclear charge Z _ef^CF correlates with a change in the degree of the bond covalence.     

Shielding and spin-spin coupling constants from gas-phase NMR

Intermolecular interactions modify nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants. The intermolecular effects can be determined if the NMR parameters for an isolated molecule are known. Gas-phase NMR spectroscopy offers such methods which allow one to measure the shielding and spin-spin coupling constants at the zero-density limit where the NMR parameters are free from intermolecular contributions. It is also shown that at present the multinuclear NMR spectra can easily be obtained for gaseous samples containing several micrograms of a solute compound.