应用荧光纳米颗粒测定痕量铜

制备了异硫氰酸罗丹明B(TRITC)荧光纳米颗粒,于pH 6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中此荧光纳米颗粒在558 nm光的激发下,于586 nm波长处发射荧光.铜(Ⅱ)的存在可使此荧光纳米颗粒溶液的荧光发生猝灭.借此,构建了一种检测微量铜的方法.在最佳试验条件下,该方法测定铜的线性范围为5.00×10-5～3.50×10-4 mol·L-1,其回归方程为F/F0=8.425 2-1.009×10-6 c,检出限为3.55×10-5 mol·L-1.     

荧光光谱法测定饮料中的苋菜红与亮蓝北大核心CSCD

采用荧光光谱法测定饮料中的苋菜红与亮蓝。样品经柠檬酸溶液调节酸度至pH 6.0,用聚酰胺粉吸附待测物,解析后,以320nm为激发波长、425nm为发射波长测定苋菜红,以382nm为激发波长、445nm为发射波长测定亮蓝,苋菜红和亮蓝的浓度分别在2.5×10-6~2.50×10-5 mol·L-1,5.0×10-6~5.00×10-5 mol·L-1范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)分别为2.0×10-7 mol·L-1和1.0×10-6 mol·L-1。本法用于测定市售饮料中的苋菜红与亮蓝,加标回收率在102%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5%。     

N-(9-蒽甲基)-L-酪氨酸盐酸盐的合成及其对阴离子的分子识别

利用荧光基团9-蒽醛与L-酪氨酸反应,合成了荧光主体N-(9-蒽甲基)-L-酪氨酸盐酸盐;采用荧光光谱方法检测了荧光主体与不同阴离子之间的识别作用;通过加入不同摩尔比的配体确定了主体与配体之间识别的最佳摩尔配比.结果表明,配置浓度为5×10-5mol·L-1的Cr2O2-7溶液后,用微量进样器加入100μL浓度为1×1...     

麝香草酚的荧光光谱研究

用荧光光谱法研究了麝香草酚(THY)在β-环糊精、CTMAB和牛血清白蛋白介质体系中的荧光增敏作用,以及缓冲溶液和溶液的pH值对THY荧光强度的影响,用三维荧光光潜佐证了增敏作用机理,实验结果表明,在6.672×10-9-5.338 × 10-8mol·L-1范围时,荧光强度与THY浓度之间呈现良好的线性关系.提出了应用荧光光潜法测定THY的新方法.     

微波合成铜酞菁及荧光猝灭测定痕量亚硝酸根离子的研究

自1986年Gedye[1]和G iguere[2]等报道利用微波辐射促进有机反应的研究之后,微波技术在合成化学中的应用已成为人们关注的热点,采用微波固相法合成酞菁化合物已有报道[3,4]。本研究小组以邻苯二腈和氯化铜为原料,采用微波固相法合成铜酞菁,其特点为反应速度快,收率高,污染少,且节约能源[5]。将合成的铜酞菁进行磺化,发现其磺化液有很强的荧光特性[6]。进一步研究得出,NO2-能使磺酸基铜酞菁溶液发生荧光猝灭,荧光强度和NO2-浓度呈现出良好的线性关系,线性范围为4×10-7mol·L-1~1×10-5mol·L-1,检测下限3.01×10-7mol·L-1,且常见共存离…     

一种新型三角架罗丹明B荧光探针对Cu~(2+)识别性能研究

设计、合成了一种新颖的三角架结构罗丹明B衍生物(2).在乙醇-水(8/1,V/V)介质中,用Tris-HCl控制体系pH为6.8,观察到Cu2+对化合物2的荧光及紫外-可见吸收增强性能,同时化合物2对Cu2+具有较高的选择性响应.选择最大激发和发射波长为557/577nm,测定了探针2(1.00×10-5mol·L-1)对Cu2+响应的校准曲线,线性范围为0.10~10.00×10-5mol·L-1,相关系数R2=0.9964(n=15),检出限为1.129×10-7mol·L-1,平行测定5次的相对标准偏差(R.S.D.)为2.2%;以557nm为最大吸收波长测定紫外吸收,Cu2+响应的浓度线性范围为0.50~25.00×10-5mol·L-1,相关系数R2=0.9948(n=13),检出限为3.338×10-7mol·L-1.     

CdTe量子点的制备及其与Au(Ⅲ)的作用

以金属铝作为还原剂,制备(NH4)2Te前体,合成了水溶性荧光CdTe量子点(QDs),该QDs在紫外光照射下有较强的荧光且发射波长可调谐,并可稳定放置.计算了发射峰位置在575 nm CdTe QDs的粒径为2.82 nm,与TEM图像进行对比,计算了量子产率为28%;讨论了在不同的实验条件下,Au(Ⅲ)对CdTe QDs的荧光猝灭,Au(Ⅲ)的浓度在2.1×10-8～6.0×10-7 mol·L-1与荧光猝灭值呈线性关系,线性方程为△F=0.0903+1.713c,r=0.9984,检出限为9.4×10-9 mol·L-1.     

荧光光谱法测定饮料中的苋菜红与亮蓝

采用荧光光谱法测定饮料中的苋菜红与亮蓝。样品经柠檬酸溶液调节酸度至pH 6.0,用聚酰胺粉吸附待测物,解析后,以320nm为激发波长、425nm为发射波长测定苋菜红,以382nm为激发波长、445nm为发射波长测定亮蓝,苋菜红和亮蓝的浓度分别在2.5×10-6~2.50×10-5 mol·L-1,5.0×10-6~5.00×10-5 mol·L-1范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)分别为2.0×10-7 mol·L-1和1.0×10-6 mol·L-1。本法用于测定市售饮料中的苋菜红与亮蓝,加标回收率在102%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5%。     

迷迭香酸的CdTe量子点荧光探针同步荧光法测定

基于迷迭香酸对CdTe量子点荧光的猝灭效应,建立了一种高灵敏度的测定微量迷迭香酸的同步荧光法.在pH 5.7的缓冲溶液中,当固定波长差为210 nm时,CdTe量子点的同步荧光最大发射波长位于320 nm.在最佳实验条件下,迷迭香酸质量浓度在0.36 ～11.52 mg·L-1(1.00×10-6 ～3.20×10-5 mol/L)范围与CdTe量子点的同步荧光强度存在良好的线性关系.其线性回归方程为I0F/IF=0.931 7+0.128 9 ρ(mg·L-1),相关系数r=0.998 2,检出限为0.16 mg·L-1.10次重复测定2.16 mg·L-1 的迷迭香酸,相对标准偏差为2.8%.同时对其同步荧光猝灭机理进行了探讨.     

共振光散射光谱法测定异烟肼的含量北大核心CSCD

在10mL比色管中,加入5.00×10-4 mol·L-1三氯化铁溶液0.60mL和适量的异烟肼样品溶液,微波加热2min,冷却至室温后依次加入5.00×10-3 mol·L-1碘化钾溶液1.00mL、1.00×10-4 mol·L-1十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液0.30mL,用水稀释至10mL,静置20min后于荧光分光光度计上,在激发波长和发射波长均为275nm处测量溶液的散射强度I,同时测量空白溶液的散射强度I0,计算ΔI=I0-I。异烟肼的质量浓度在0.050~0.25mg·L-1内与ΔI呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.015mg·L-1。方法应用于异烟肼片的分析,测定值与标示量相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于2.0%。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。