电化学合成Pt-Au复合催化剂及其对甲醇的电催化氧化

在ITO导电玻璃上, 采用循环伏安法制备Pt-Au复合催化剂. 通过扫描电镜(SEM), X射线能量色散谱(EDX), X射线衍射(XRD)及其电化学方法对催化剂样品进行了表征. SEM结果表明, Pt-Au复合催化剂的形貌近似球状粒子. 循环伏安法和计时电流法的测试结果表明, 复合催化剂中Au的加入有利于甲醇的电催化氧化, 并提高了Pt对甲醇氧化的抗毒化能力. 同时研究了复合催化剂中Au的不同含量对甲醇氧化的影响, 结果表明, 当 Pt和Au物质的量比为1.07∶1时, Pt-Au/ITO催化剂具有最佳的甲醇电催化氧化活性.     

不同状态Au对甲酸在Pd催化剂上电催化性能的影响

合成并比较了碳载Au(Au/C)、碳载Pd(Pd/C)、碳载高合金化Pd-Au(Pd-Au/C-T)和碳载非合金化Pd-Au(Pd-Au/C-H)催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性和稳定性.结果表明,Au/C对甲酸氧化基本没有电催化活性,而Pd/C对甲酸氧化有较好的电催化性能,Au的加入能进一步提高Pd催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性和稳定性,特别是Pd-Au/C-T对甲酸氧化的电催化活性和稳定性要好于Pd-Au/C-H,更远好于Pd/C催化剂.相关反应机理有待进一步揭示.     

Ag/Au/Pt复合催化剂的制备及其对甲酸的电催化氧化

利用化学-电化学方法制备了Ag/Au/Pt复合催化剂. 该催化剂以100 nm左右的Ag颗粒为基底, 以化学方法沉积金再电沉积铂, 这降低了贵金属Au和Pt的用量. 通过SEM, EDX和XRD对样品进行表征, 并测试对甲酸的电催化氧化性能. 研究表明, 当Pt∶Au原子数比小于1∶10时, 主要表现为直接氧化, 在较低的Pt负载量(0.71 μg/cm²)情况下, Ag/Au/Pt复合催化剂对甲酸氧化的直接氧化峰电流密度达到最大. 甲酸的电催化氧化稳定性实验表明, 当Pt载量为0.05 μg时, 相对于最大峰电流密度, 循环伏安扫描第100圈时甲酸氧化的直接氧化峰电流密度仅衰减了2.29%. 同时CO氧化剥离实验表明, 当Pt∶Au＝1∶6时, Ag/Au/Pt复合催化剂对CO氧化峰电势最负, 相对于纯Pt催化剂负移了大约0.13 V, 表明该复合催化剂具有更好的抗CO毒化能力.     

直接甲酸燃料电池氧还原碳载Au-Ir催化剂的电催化性能

用四氢呋喃(THF)络合还原法分别合成并比较了碳载金(Au/C)、碳载铱(Ir/C)、碳载金-铱(Au-Ir/C)催化剂对氧气还原和甲酸氧化的电催化活性.发现3种催化剂对甲酸氧化都没有电催化活性;Au-Ir/C催化剂对氧还原的电催化活性要远好于Au/C和Ir/C催化剂.表明Au-Ir/C催化剂适合作为直接甲酸燃料电池(DFAFC)的阴极催化剂.     

壳聚糖修饰炭黑负载Pt-Au催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能

以炭黑及自制的壳聚糖-炭黑(CHI-C)复合材料为载体,采用溶胶负载法制备了Pt_m＾Au/C及Pt_m＾Au/CHI-C催化剂(＾ 代表Au、Pt为分步负载,m代表Pt/Au原子比),通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、X射线衍射、透射电镜及X射线光电子能谱对催化剂进行了表征。利用循环伏安法和计时电流法分别测定了Pt-Au催化剂对甲醇电催化氧化反应的活性和稳定性,考查了Pt/Au原子比及CHI改性对电催化活性和稳定性的影响。结果表明,Pt_1.0＾Au/C具有最高的催化活性,炭黑中加入少量CHI能提高Pt_1.0＾Au/C催化剂的稳定性。     

直接甲酸燃料电池用碳载铁卟啉-Au复合阴极催化剂的性能

研究了用于直接甲酸燃料电池(DFAFC)的碳载铁卟啉(FeTPP/C)、金复合阴极催化剂(FeTPP-Au/C)对氧还原的电催化性能和抗甲酸能力。结果表明,FeTPP-Au/C催化剂对氧气还原反应的电催化活性要远优于碳载铁卟啉(FeTPP/C)和碳载Au(Au/C)催化剂。而且,FeTPP-Au/C催化剂对甲酸氧化没有催化活性,因此,FeTPP-Au/C催化剂也有很好的抗甲酸能力。所以,FeTPP-Au/C催化剂适合作为DFAFC的阴极催化剂。     

中空介孔三氧化钨微球载钯催化剂的甲酸氧化电催化性能(英文)

采用喷雾干燥法和焙烧处理制备中空介孔三氧化钨微球(HMTTS),在其表面进一步负载活性成分Pd,得到纳米Pd/HMTTS复合催化剂.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等对催化剂的形貌和晶型结构进行了表征.结果表明,Pd纳米粒子为面心立方晶体结构,均匀地分布在HMTTS表面.采用循环伏安和计时电流法研究了在酸性溶液中Pd/HMTTS催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化性能,结果表明Pd/HMTTS催化剂比普通的三氧化钨载钯催化剂(Pd/WO3)对甲酸呈现出更高的电催化氧化活性和稳定性.HMTTS独特的中空介孔结构和表面特性以及氢溢流效应有利于甲酸在钯表面的直接脱氢氧化过程的发生.     

高利用率多壁碳纳米管负载金铂合金纳米粒子催化剂在碱性溶液中的甲醇电催化氧化性能研究

使用乙二醇还原法合成了一系列高利用率多壁碳纳米管负载的金铂双金属纳米粒子电催化剂,在碱性溶液中由循环伏安和计时电流法测试该AuPt催化剂对于甲醇氧化反应的电催化活性.透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射与X射线能谱观测催化剂形貌,表征催化剂结构.结果表明,金铂双金属纳米粒子均匀分散在碳纳米管上,催化剂具有良好甲醇电氧化性能.实验表明Au/Pt/MWCNTs比为10∶8∶32(bymass)时,该催化剂具有最高甲醇电氧化峰电流密度与最负起始氧化电位.     

甲酸在纳米金承载铂(Pt^Au)电催化剂上的电化学氧化

采用循环伏安扫描测试对不同浓度的甲酸在纳米Au颗粒((10.0±1.2)nm)承载Pt电催化剂(记为Ptm^Au,其中m为Pt/Au原子比)上的电化学氧化过程进行了研究.结果表明,Pt在纳米Au颗粒表面的形态对甲酸的电化学氧化行为影响显著.当Pt对Au颗粒形成壳层覆盖(m>0.2)时,甲酸电氧化反应主要发生在高电势(相对SCE电极为0.6~1.0 V)范围,与常规Pt/C电催化剂上甲酸的电氧化行为类似;当Au表面Pt的形态由单原子壳层(m=0.2)递变为不大于1.0 nm的Pt原子簇或原子筏(m<0.2)时,在低电势(-0.2~0.6 V)范围也能明显检测到甲酸的电氧化反应,而且随着m的减小,Pt的质量比活性显著提高.Pt呈现100%暴露(电化学活性面积EAS=236 m2/g-Pt)的Pt0.05^Au/C电催化剂在甲酸电氧化峰(0.38 V)处的质量比活性是通常Pt/C电催化剂(Pt分散度为30%或EAS为74 m2/g-Pt)的40倍,表明随着Au颗粒上Pt尺寸的减小或分散度的提高,Ptm^Au/C电催化剂对甲酸电氧化反应的催化活性也显著提高.在甲酸浓度由0.2 mol/L渐提高至3.2 mol/L时,Ptm^Au/C和Pt/C催化剂上甲酸电氧化反应的比电流均呈先增大后减小的火山形变化,表明适宜的甲酸工作浓度也是在Pt基催化剂上实现高功率直接甲酸燃料电池的关键因素之一.     

炭载体的表面处理对Pd/C催化剂电催化活性的影响

采用处理与未处理的活性炭制备Pd/c催化剂,运用循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法检测两种Pd/C催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化活性和稳定性.通过透射电镜(TEM)对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,用硝酸处理的活性炭所制备的Pd/C催化剂中Pd粒子的分散更均匀,对甲酸的电催化氧化活性和稳定性都有不同程度的提高.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.