河南省高中化学新课程化学学科指导意见的课堂教学实现——基于9节省优质课的分析和评价

基于《河南省普通高中新课程化学学科教学实施指导意见(试行)》提供的化学课堂教学评价标准,制定具体评价指标和水平划分,选取9节河南省高中化学优质课的获奖课例进行系统分析评价,评价结果在一定程度上反映了河南省教学实施指导意见在优质课教学中的落实情况,以及该省高中化学课堂教学研究取得的经验和存在的问题。研究表明河南省高中化学学科教学指导意见对课堂教学改革发挥了积极的引导作用,同时为优化和改进学科教学指导建议提供了启示。     

膳食分析结合铁剂治疗妊娠期贫血的疗效探讨

目的研究膳食分析结合铁剂治疗妊娠期贫血的临床疗效。方法选取2013年1月—2015年1月吉安市青原区人民医院收治的妊娠期贫血的患者108例,随机分为两组,观察组和对照组,每组54例。对照组对患者进行膳食分析,但是不进行铁剂药物治疗,观察组对患者进行膳食指导,结合铁剂药物治疗。对比两组的治疗效果。结果经过膳食指导后两组孕妇的膳食营养摄入量达标人数均有显著的提高,指导前后相比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。但是指导后观察组孕妇的膳食营养摄入量达标人数明显高于对照组膳食营养摄入量的达标人数,两组相比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组和对照组在妊娠早期的贫血发生率相比,无显著差异,不具有统计学意义(P0.05),但是,两组患者的晚期的贫血情况发生率相比,差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对妊娠期贫血患者进行膳食分析结合铁剂治疗,具有非常良好的临床疗效。     

"交叉学科"选题下的本科毕业论文的质量提升与探讨——以生物医用高分子材料为例

随着国家对人才培养要求的提高,各高校对本科生培养质量的重视程度提到新的高度,而本科毕业论文在本科生培养体系里占据极其重要的地位.交叉学科由于具有不同学科之间相互交叉、融合、渗透的特点,因此交叉学科选题对于本科生及指导教师提出了更高的要求,本文以生物医用高分子材料为例,从毕业论文选题的合理性、开题的目标和任务、实验指导思路与方法以及论文撰写的规范性四个方面着重探讨,并提出相关合理性意见,为促进交叉学科毕业论文质量的提高具有一定的借鉴意义.     

降钙素原在指导慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期抗感染治疗中的价值

目的观察并分析降钙素原在指导慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期抗感染治疗中的价值。方法研究对象选取2015年5月期间来湖北省宜昌市第二人民医院就诊的100例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期病例,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组各50例,对照组结合临床实际情况制订抗生素治疗方案,观察组则根据血清降钙素原(PCT)指导抗生素应用,对比两组抗生素应用时间、临床治疗效果、住院时间、病情加重与死亡率,并对研究结果相关数据作统计学处理。结果与对照组比,观察组抗生素使用时间、住院时间更短,组间差异显著而具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组临床治疗效果,病情加重率与死亡率差异并无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期,监测血清降钙素原水平以指导抗感染治疗可有效降低抗生素使用量,促进患者康复,具有积极的临床意义。     

关于学法指导的理性思考：怎样在化学教学中指导学生学会学习

本文是对化学教学中学习方法指导所进行的理性思考。认为充分发挥主体性是学法指导的着眼点,引导学生学会学习是学法指导的关键,教 会学生掌握运用科学的学习模式是学法指导的基本策略促使学生总结评价自身学习状况是对学法指导的升华。     

美国高中化学教科书教师用书的教学属性研究

以美国高中化学教科书教师用书Holt Chemistry California Teacher's Edition为例,研究其教学属性,发现其与美国纽约州科学教育标准契合,学情分析指导全面,教学目标的阐述具体明确,教学策略的设计结构化,学习评价资源丰富多样,对我国高中化学教科书教师用书的编写、高中化学教学设计均有所启示。     

MSKUS检查对于脑梗后肩周软组织损伤的诊治价值

本文探讨肌骨超声(MSKUS)在诊断脑梗死后并发肩周软组织损伤及指导临床治疗中的价值。选取165例脑梗死后偏瘫并发肩周软组织损伤患者进行临床随机研究,超声指导组83例、常规组82例。经MSKUS检测分析,其中肱二头肌腱病变74例(44.85%)、肩袖病变117例(70.91%)、SA-SD病变48例(29.09%)、肩锁关节病变28例(16.97%);超声指导组在康复治疗2周、康复治疗8周时的VAS评分均显著低于常规组的(P<0.05);超声指导组在康复治疗2周、康复治疗8周时的肩关节前屈活动度、肩关节外展功能活动度均显著大于常规组的(P<0.05);超声指导组在康复治疗8周时的肩关节功能评分均显著大于常规组的(P<0.05)。MSKUS在诊断脑梗死后并发肩周软组织损伤及指导临床治疗中具有重要的价值。     

针对性护理对冠心病患者出院后急性心脏事件的预防效果评价

目的探讨针对性护理对冠心病患者出院后急性心脏事件的预防效果。方法选取2011年1月至2013年2月来江西省新余市中医院接受治疗的86例CHD患者作为研究对象。按照入院顺序抽签后随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组患者进行常规出院指导,责任护士对患者进行出院后注意事项的介绍,指导患者正确用药。告知患者要定期检查。实验组患者在对照组的基础上,对患者进行针对性护理。观察患者ACE发生情况和构成情况。结果两组患者ACE发生情况对比,实验组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者ACE构成情况对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论针对性护理能够减少CHD患者出院后ACE的发生,临床应用价值较高。     

3D-CE-TOF-SPGR对静脉性颅神经血管压迫综合征的应用

探讨3D-CE-TOF-SPGR序列在诊断静脉性颅神经血管压迫综合征中的临床应用价值。研究对象为我院收治的经手术证实且行磁共振断层血管成像(MRTA)检查的198例中7例静脉性颅神经血管压迫综合征患者,并与微血管减压术(MVD)中所见进行对照,其中原发性三叉神经痛5例、面肌痉挛2例。MRTA包括3D-FIESTA、3D-TOF-SPGR和3D-CE-TOF-SPGR序列,颅神经受压与责任静脉血管3D-FIESTA序列显示1例、3D-TOF-SPGR序列显示1例、3D-CE-TOF-SPGR序列显示6例,独立应用3D-CE-TOF-SPGR序列显示能力最佳(6/7,85.71%)。因此,MRTA成像技术中,3D-CE-TOF-SPGR序列能清楚显示目标颅神经及相应颅神经受压的静脉性责任血管,对指导临床MVD手术具有重要价值。     

有机化学实验课上的细节教学——以合成乙酰苯胺为例

以合成乙酰苯胺为例说明细节教学对于有机化学实验取得预期效果的重要性。首先将学生分组,采用不同的方法进行教学,然后将学生的实验结果进行对比分析;结果表明细节教学与学生实验的正确操作直接相关。归纳、解析了学生在乙酰苯胺合成实验中的常见问题,并对教师教学时应强调和指导的要点提出了建议。     

A practical guide for the assignment of the absolute configuration of alcohols,amines and carboxylic acids by NMR

A practical guide for the assignment of the absolute configuration of alcohols, amines and carboxylic acids by NMR is presented. The guide includes information required for the judicious selection of the most suitable auxiliary reagent (MPA, MTPA, BPG, 9-AMA and 9-AHA), derivatization procedures and NMR conditions (solvent and temperature) for each substrate, as well as a critical account on the reliability, scope and limitations of these applications.     

Self‐Assembled DNA Nanoclews for the Efficient Delivery of CRISPR–Cas9 for Genome Editing

CRISPR–Cas9 represents a promising platform for genome editing, yet means for its safe and efficient delivery remain to be fully realized. A novel vehicle that simultaneously delivers the Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA) is based on DNA nanoclews, yarn‐like DNA nanoparticles that are synthesized by rolling circle amplification. The biologically inspired vehicles were efficiently loaded with Cas9/sgRNA complexes and delivered the complexes to the nuclei of human cells, thus enabling targeted gene disruption while maintaining cell viability. Editing was most efficient when the DNA nanoclew sequence and the sgRNA guide sequence were partially complementary, offering a design rule for enhancing delivery. Overall, this strategy provides a versatile method that could be adapted for delivering other DNA‐binding proteins or functional nucleic acids.     

Development of Light‐Activated CRISPR Using Guide RNAs with Photocleavable Protectors

The ability to remotely trigger CRISPR/Cas9 activity would enable new strategies to study cellular events with greater precision and complexity. In this work, we have developed a method to photocage the activity of the guide RNA called “CRISPR‐plus” (CRISPR‐precise light‐mediated unveiling of sgRNAs). The photoactivation capability of our CRISPR‐plus method is compatible with the simultaneous targeting of multiple DNA sequences and supports numerous modifications that can enable guide RNA labeling for use in imaging and mechanistic investigations.     

Persistent oxidation dications from twisted fluoranthenes, benzo[k]fluoranthene and dimethyldibenzo[j.l]fluoranthene: charge delocalization mode, tropicity, and formation of novel 8,8'-bifluoranthenyls. An NMR and theoretical study.

First examples of persistent oxidation dications from fluoranthene-PAHs namely 1,3,4,6,7,10-hexamethyl- 2 and 3,4-dichloro-1,6,7,10-tetramethylfluoranthene 3, benzo[k]fluoranthene 6, and 3,6-dimethyldibenzo[j,l]fluoranthene 9 are reported. Charge delocalization mode and tropicity in the resulting nonalternant dications are examined. Quenching of the superacid solutions of the dications resulted in the formation of novel 8,8'-bifluoranthenyls 2a-4a. AM1 was used as an initial guide for dication generation (DeltaDeltaH(f) degrees and ionization potentials) and for probing the structures of the crowded fluoranthene substrates and their bifluoranthenyls. In selected cases, the dications and their neutral precursors were calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. Charge delocalization mode (difference in NPA charges) and DFT/GIAO-derived NMR chemical shifts were obtained for comparison with experiment; aromaticity was assessed via nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations.     

Programmable Live-Cell CRISPR Imaging with Toehold-Switch-Mediated Strand Displacement

The widespread application of CRISPR-Cas9 has transformed genome engineering. Nevertheless, the precision to control the targeting activity of Cas9 requires further improvement. We report a toehold-switch-based approach to engineer the conformation of single guide RNA (sgRNA) for programmable activation of Cas9. This activation circuit is responsive to multiple inputs and can regulate the conformation of the sgRNA through toehold-switch-mediated strand displacement. We demonstrate the orthogonal suppression and activation of Cas9 with orthogonal DNA inputs. Combination of toehold switches leads to a variety of intracellular Cas9 activation programs with simultaneous and orthogonal responses, through which multiple genome loci are displayed in different colors in a controllable manner. This approach provides a new route for programing CRISPR in living cells for genome imaging and engineering.     

Revision of ISO guide 25

 ISO/IEC guide 25 is the internationally recognised base document for the accreditation of laboratories. Laboratory accreditation is a system of peer assessment and a formal recognition that a laboratory is competent to perform specific tests or types of tests ISO/IEC guide 25 plays a fundamental role in the life of the analytical chemist and is pivotal to the acceptance of the philosophy "once tested everywhere accepted" and to ensuring the mutual acceptance of test data. Within the EU, the attainment of accreditation to ISO/IEC guide 25 has become a way of life and it is now mandatory for laboratories engaged in certain regulatory work areas. Guide 25 is currently under revision and over the past 2 years or so it has been the subject of much debate among the calibration and testing community and it has engendered a considerable amount of written and oral comments. The latest revision entitled "Draft International Standard ISO/IEC DIS 17025: General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories" was circulated to national standard organisations for their "comment and approval" in mid 1998. Voting on this document commenced on 9 July and terminates on 9 December 1998. It is anticipated that a final draft could be circulated in 1999. In accordance with the Vienna agreement this is a parallel ISO/CEN enquiry. This paper will discuss the implications of the technical requirements of the current document for analytical chemistry with particular emphasis on, the strengths, weaknesses and deficits inherent in the draft circulated in July 1998.     

Chemical synthesis of stimuli-responsive guide RNA for conditional control of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing

CRISPR-Cas9 promotes changes in identity or abundance of nucleic acids in live cells and is a programmable modality of broad biotechnological and therapeutic interest. To reduce off-target effects, tools for conditional control of CRISPR-Cas9 functions are under active research, such as stimuli-responsive guide RNA (gRNA). However, the types of physiologically relevant stimuli that can trigger gRNA are largely limited due to the lack of a versatile synthetic approach in chemistry to introduce diverse labile modifications into gRNA. In this work, we developed such a general method to prepare stimuli-responsive gRNA based on site-specific derivatization of 2′-O-methylribonucleotide phosphorothioate (PS-2′-OMe). We demonstrated CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing in human cells triggered by oxidative stress and visible light, respectively. Our study tackles the synthetic challenge and paves the way for chemically modified RNA to play more active roles in gene therapy.

Conditional control of CRISPR-Cas9 activity by reactive oxygen species and visible light is achieved using stimuli-responsive guide RNA synthesized by a general method based on RNA 2′-O-methylribonucleotide phosphorothioate.     

Tissue engineering and peripheral nerve regeneration (Ⅲ)——Sciatic nerve regeneration with PDLLA nerve guide

The biodegradation rate and biocompatibility of poly(d, / -lactide) (PDLLA) in vivo were evaluated. The aim of this study was to establish a nerve guide constructed by the PDLLA with 3-D microenvironment and to repair a 10 mm of sciatic nerve gap in rats. The process of the nerve regeneration was investigated by histological assessment, electrophysiological examination, and determination of wet weight recovery rate of the gastrocnemius muscle. After 3 weeks, the nerve guide had changed from a transparent to an opaque status. The conduit was degraded and absorbed partly and had lost their strength with breakage at the 9th week of postoperation. At the conclusion of 12 weeks, proximal and distal end of nerves were anastomosed by nerve regeneration and the conduit vanished completely. The results suggest that PDLLA conduits may serve for peripheral nerve regeneration and PDLLA is a sort of hopeful candidate for tissue engineering.