醋酸曲安奈德固脂纳米粒载药量及包封率的反相液相色谱法测定

建立了醋酸曲安奈德固脂纳米粒药载药量及包封率测定的反相高效液相色谱法; 采用Hypersil ODS色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm), 甲醇-水-乙醚(体积比68∶32∶4)为流动相, 流速为1.0 mL·min-1, 紫外检测波长240 nm,柱温30℃,进样量为20μL,炔诺酮作内标;通过调节纳米粒表面Zeta电位使纳米粒凝聚,离心分离游离药物和纳米粒; 该方法结果准确、简便、重复性好, 可用于醋酸曲安奈德固脂纳米粒包封率及载药量的测定。     

普鲁兰多糖的硬脂酸修饰及其作为纳米药物载体的研究

利用1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)催化硬脂酸(SA)与具有良好生物相容性的普鲁兰多糖(Pullulan)反应, 将硬脂酸接枝在普鲁兰分子链的羟基上, 得到取代度不同的疏水改性两亲性普鲁兰多糖衍生物PUSA1, PUSA2 及PUSA3, 其临界胶束浓度分别为50, 32, 18 μg/mL; 透射电镜(TEM)图像显示透析法制备的PUSA 自组装颗粒为球形. 以阿霉素为模型药物制备了PUSA 载药纳米粒, 考察了载药纳米粒的载药量、包封率和体外药物释放. 结果表明PUSA3 的包封率高达84%, 载药量达7.79%. 药物可在37 ℃, pH＝7.4 的PBS 溶液中持续释放90 h 以上. 细胞毒性实验(MTT)结果显示当PUSA 的浓度高达1000 μg/mL 时48 h 后细胞存活率依然在90%左右. 流式细胞及荧光分析表明载药纳米粒的细胞摄取率远远高于游离药物. 说明PUSA 是一种新型的有潜在应用价值的药物载体材料.     

PLGA-磷酸钙复合载药纳米粒的制备

利用聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯(Brij78)和帕米膦酸二钠制备新型表面活性剂Pa-Brij78,以此为表面活性剂,聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA)为油相,采用水包油包水的微乳液法制备载卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)的表面带有磷酸根的PLGA纳米粒,再用共沉淀法在其表面修饰一层磷酸钙,并装载寡核苷酸Cp G,形成一种核-壳结构的复合载药纳米粒Cp G/Ca P/PLGA(OVA).通过动态光散射粒度仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对纳米粒进行表征,并测定OVA、Cp G的载药量、包封率.结果表明以Pa-Brij78为表面活性剂制备的PLGA(OVA)纳米粒确实能被磷酸钙修饰,粒径增大40~60 nm,表面变粗糙,XRD测得该磷酸钙层的主要存在形式为Ca3(PO4)2.OVA平均载药量为5%,包封率大于80%;Cp G平均载药量为0.47%,平均包封率为89.9%.     

高效液相色谱法测定紫杉醇及其脂质纳米粒包封率的方法学研究

建立了一种对本实验室研制的新型载带紫杉醇脂质纳米载体(nanostructured lipid carriers,NLC)进行定性定量分析的新方法,并计算紫杉醇的包封率.用反相高效液相色谱法进行测定.采用C18柱对未纯化的紫杉醇脂质纳米粒进行分离检测,梯度法分离,流动相为水和乙腈,紫外检测器波长为227 nm,荧光检测器激发波长为428 nm,发射波长为515 nm.结果表明梯度法对紫杉醇脂质纳米粒和游离紫杉醇的分离效果良好,辅料和试剂无干扰,紫杉醇在3.0～80.0 mg/L之间有良好的线性关系,线性方程为:Y=42100ρ 8250,r=0.9999,日内RSD为0.15%(n=5),日间RSD为0.25%(n=4),平均回收率为109.09%,RSD为0.12%,通过本方法,测定的紫杉醇纳米粒平均包封率为68.78%.本法可对紫杉醇进行定量分析,也可对紫杉醇脂质纳米粒制剂进行定性和定量分析,可以直接测量计算其包封率.     

快速溶剂萃取-凝胶渗透色谱净化-液相色谱-质谱法测定动物肝组织中雷公藤甲素和雷公藤酯甲

提出了动物肝组织中雷公藤甲素与雷公藤酯甲的液相色谱-质谱法分析方法。用快速溶剂萃取仪用乙腈将动物肝组织中雷公藤甲素与雷公藤酯甲萃取到有机相,提取液经凝胶渗透色谱净化除去基质的干扰,所得洗脱液40℃氮吹挥干后用甲醇定容至0.5mL,用液相色谱-质谱法测定。雷公藤甲素与雷公藤酯甲的质量浓度均在5～1 000μg.L-1范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)均为1.0μg.L-1。在动物肝组织中用标准加入法做回收及精密度试验,结果为:雷公藤甲素和雷公藤酯甲的回收率分别在69.3%～77.8%,73.1%～77.2%之间;雷公藤甲素和雷公藤酯甲测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别在3.2%～3.3%,2.3%～3.0%之间。     

阿霉素-姜黄素纳米递药系统制备及体外缓释研究

基于点击反应,高效合成具有pH响应性和高载药率的己烷-1,6-二丙炔酸二酯共交联阿霉素、姜黄素主链型纳米递药系统,并采用紫外光谱、红外光谱、粒度仪、Zata电位、透射电镜进行结构及形貌表征,并考察其在不同pH条件的缓释行为,监测纳米粒降解后的形态学变化。结果表明：所制材料为双药共载均匀球形纳米粒,粒径100～200 nm。通过pH响应化学键实现对药物“智能”化控制释放。纳米粒所载阿霉素的包封率49.7%,载药率59.4%;姜黄素的包封率41.1%,载药率35.7%。缓释曲线显示：随环境pH降低,药物释放率增大,粒径分布变宽,电镜观察形貌从均匀球形变成“树枝状”;而在正常生理条件下药物基本不释放。实验表明该纳米递药系统具有良好的肿瘤微环境pH响应及缓控释性能。     

叶酸靶向乙酰普鲁兰纳米粒的制备及其靶向作用

以普鲁兰多糖为主链, 通过乙酰化反应合成了疏水性的乙酰普鲁兰(PA), 然后以N,N′-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)为偶联剂, 4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)为催化剂, 将叶酸与PA偶联(FPA); 采用¹H NMR和X射线晶体衍射(XRD)等方法对产物结构进行了表征. 采用溶剂扩散法制备包载表阿霉素的PA和FPA纳米粒, 载药纳米粒形态为球形, 动态光散射粒径分析显示载药纳米粒粒径随载药量增加而增大. 透析法测定纳米粒中表阿霉素的体外释放表明, FPA纳米粒中药物释放速度快于PA纳米粒; 采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察PA/EPI及FPA/EPI纳米粒在KB细胞的摄取情况, 结果表明, FPA/EPI纳米粒进入细胞主要通过叶酸受体途径, 而PA/EPI纳米粒进入细胞与叶酸受体无关, 提示FPA将成为具有一定肿瘤靶向作用的新型载体.     

可生物降解固体脂质纳米粒的制备、表征及药物的体外释放

以可生物降解材料硬脂酸为载体, 以葛根总黄酮为模型药物, 采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备固体脂质纳米粒. 采用透射电镜研究载药纳米粒形态, 激光粒度分析仪测定其粒径, X射线衍射仪进行物相鉴别, 并对纳米粒的包封率及体外释药特性等进行了研究. 分析结果表明, 所制备硬脂酸固态脂质纳米粒为类球实体, 粒径分布比较均匀, 平均粒径为(263.82±3.6) nm, 包封率为(67.53±0.12)%. X射线衍射分析证明药物以分子或细小粒子分散于脂质骨架中. 体外释药研究结果表明, 纳米粒体外释药先快后慢, 12 h累积释药50%, 包封于降解材料骨架内的药物通过骨架溶蚀缓慢释放. 药物的体外释放符合Higuchi方程.     

大麻二酚纳米结构脂质载体的制备及其性质研究

通过高压均质法制备包载大麻二酚(CBD)的纳米结构脂质载体(CBD-NLC),并考察其载药量、包封率、平均粒径、Zeta电位、长期储存稳定性等物理化学性质,筛选获得CBD-NLC最佳配方。在优化条件下制备的CBD-NLC平均粒径为163.7±1.3nm,多分散性指数(PDI)为0.14±0.02,包封率和载药量分别为95.5±1.0%和9.8±0.1%。通过透射电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示量热扫描、X射线衍射对CBD-NLC进行表征,结果表明,CBD被很好地负载在NLC中,CBD-NLC主要为球形结构。与文献报道相比,纳米结构脂质载体能够包载CBD,具有较好的载药量和包封率,可解决CBD的溶解性及稳定性问题,提高CBD的有效利用度。制备的CBD-NLC可用去离子水以任意比例稀释,具有良好的稳定性,便于其在医药产品中的应用。     

白藜芦醇白蛋白纳米粒的制备及其抗卵巢癌细胞增殖作用的研究

以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为载体, 用去溶剂化-化学交联法制备白藜芦醇白蛋白纳米粒(RES-BSANP). 以原子力学显微镜(AFM)观察其形态, 用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对制备的纳米微粒进行分析. 采用四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法(MTT)及流式细胞技术(FCM)比较RES-BSANP和RES对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的抗增殖活性及对细胞周期和凋亡的影响. 结果表明, 获得的RES-BSANP纳米粒的平均粒径为400～500 nm, 表面光滑, 12 mg纳米粒中RES载药量为4.077 mg, 包封率33.97％, 24 h内的稳定性好, 水溶性较RES显著提高. 二者的抗肿瘤增殖作用呈剂量依赖性, 中高浓度组纳米粒组的抗增殖活性及凋亡细胞比率显著提高. 两种药物均使细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1+S期, 纳米组使进入S期细胞比率明显增加, 表明白藜芦醇白蛋白纳米粒在抗卵巢癌细胞增殖方面有广阔的应用前景.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。