多环涡旋光束的实验研究

涡旋光束的产生、传输与应用是当前光学领域热门的研究课题之一.本文提出的新型多环涡旋光束,包括双环涡旋及三环涡旋光束,它是由多束携带不同拓扑电荷数且束腰半径不同的拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束共轴叠加而成,其光强分布为多环结构.从理论上研究了多环涡旋光束的形成与分布特征,基于共轭对称延拓Fourier计算全息方法生成了多环涡旋光束的计算全息图,并利用一个空间光调制器实验产生了与理论一致的高质量的多环涡旋光束.研究表明多环涡旋光束的各环携带不同的轨道角动量,空间分布保持相互独立.这种新型的多环涡旋光束相对于携带单一拓扑电荷数的涡旋光束,提供了更多的控制参数和更加多样化的结构分布,因此在光学镊子、光学捕获等微操控以及光通信领域具有潜在的应用潜力.     

Ion acoustic instability and plasma uniformity in multipolar discharges

The uniformity of plasma density in multipolar devices can be attributed to the trapping of primary electrons in the cusped magnetic field. This trapping may be due to an ion acoustic instability initiated by the diamagnetic drift of plasma electrons.     

Experimental study of the parallel velocity shear instability

The parallel velocity shear instability (PVSI) is experimentally investigated in a double-ended Q machine in which the shear in the ion flow is produced by suitable shaping of the axial magnetic field. Instability fluctuation levels approaching nearly 100% are often observed.     

The vortex instability at the quantum hall conditions

It was shown that the ground states obtained by the projection on the states of the lowest Landau level are unstable due to the formation of the isolated vortex decreasing the energy at the partial L1 fillings. This statement is valid due to the different dependence on the sample size of the various terms in the free energy like the free energy of the rotating liquid irrelevant to the details of the microscopical structure and the interaction. The article is published in the original.     

水波孤子起始不稳定性的实验研究

系统地测量了小宽度的矩型水槽中的自调制(0,1)模孤波起始不稳定性与液体深度、水槽宽度、混合液体中甘油体积比等因素之间的关系。实验发现液体深度、容器宽度的减小及混合液体中甘油体积比的增加都会导致起始激励加速度的变大并引起一定的频移。实验结果与理论计算达到了令人满意的定性相似。     

Experimental dynamics of a vortex within a vortex

We report the experimental dynamics of a new two-dimensional (2D) fluid phenomenon that occurs when an intense, pointlike vortex is placed within a diffuse, circular vortex. Our observations, made using strongly magnetized electron columns to model the 2D fluid, support the analysis performed by Jin and Dubin.     

Experimental study of the focusing properties of a Gaussian Schell-model vortex beam

We carry out an experimental and theoretical study of the focusing properties of a Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) vortex beam. It is found that we can shape the beam profile of the focused GSM vortex beam by varying its initial spatial coherence width. Focused dark hollow, flat-topped, and Gaussian beam spots can be obtained in our experiment, which will be useful for trapping particles. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical results.     

涡流管复合冷却服降温性能实验研究

为解决人们在高温环境作业时的热应激,本文设计出一种涡流管和相变材料复合型冷却服.通过实验研究冷却服在不同工况下的降温参数变化和热舒适评价规律.实验表明:轻度劳动下复合型冷却服使皮肤温度最大降幅为7.6℃;重度劳动下热舒适最大值为1.5且降温续航时间长达80 min.复合型冷却服中的相变材料减小了人体核心温度的波动,使降...     

Taylor vortex instability in Couette flow of normal helium

We report here the first observation of the Taylor vortex wavy instability in the Couette flow of liquid helium. The experimental results agree qualitatively with those of classical liquids. However, the instability occurs in a wider range of Reynolds numbers.     

Transverse instability of straight vortex lines in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

The physics of vortex lines in dipolar condensates is studied. Because of the nonlocality of the dipolar interaction, the 3D character of the vortex plays a more important role in dipolar gases than in typical short-range interacting ones. In particular, the dipolar interaction significantly affects the stability of the transverse modes of the vortex line. Remarkably, in the presence of a periodic potential along the vortexline, the spectrum of transverse modes shows a rotonlike minimum, which eventually destabilizes the straight vortex when the BEC as a whole is still stable, opening the possibility for new scenarios for vortex-line configurations in dipolar gases.     

Split instability of a vortex in an attractive Bose-Einstein condensate

An attractive Bose-Einstein condensate with a vortex splits into two pieces via the quadrupole dynamical instability, which arises at a weaker strength of interaction than the monopole and the dipole instabilities. The split pieces subsequently unite to restore the original vortex or collapse.     

Experimental study of the instability of a film flowing down a vertical fiber

The wavy dynamics of a viscous film flowing axisymmetrically on a vertical fiber is characterized experimentally. The study of the initial response of the flow to natural noise shows a well-defined transition between a convective and an absolute instability [1]. In the convective case, disturbances of controlled frequencies have been applied at inlet. The flow responds to inlet excitation at frequencies lower than a well-defined cut-off frequency. A good agreement has been found with the linear stability analysis and with the solution to a two-equation model [2] in the nonlinear regime.     

基于涡流管能量分离效应的温度分布实验研究

在入口温度、压力不变的条件下,改变冷流比,分别对不同冷流比工况下的涡流管内温度分布进行了实验测试,同时对不同冷流比工况下的实验结果进行比较,研究表明:在同一轴向端面处,温度由轴心向壁面呈现不断增大的趋势,在壁面附近处达到最大值;在同一径向位置处,温度随着轴向位置的增大不断增大,在涡流室的轴心处,温度达到最低,而在热端出口的壁面处,温度达到最大。在冷流比为0.1563时,温度沿径向呈增大趋势,而在冷流比为0.7158时,温度沿径向呈现先降低后增大的趋势;在实验研究范围内,同一测点处,温度随冷流比的增大而增大。     

Experimental verification of the shear-modified ion-acoustic instability

The predicted shear-induced shift of the wave phase velocity, the essence of the shear-modified ion-acoustic (SMIA) instability mechanism that reduces ion Landau damping for otherwise damped ion-acoustic waves [V. Gavrishchaka et al., 80, 728 (1998)], is verified with direct measurements in a strongly magnetized laboratory plasma. The SMIA growth rate is shown to increase with increasing shear, as predicted. SMIA wave propagation is shown to be possible at both small and large angles to the magnetic field, consistent with space observations of ion-acoustic-like waves.     

Dynamical instability of a doubly quantized vortex in a Bose-Einstein condensate

Doubly quantized vortices were topologically imprinted in /F=1> 23Na condensates, and their time evolution was observed using a tomographic imaging technique. The decay into two singly quantized vortices was characterized and attributed to dynamical instability. The time scale of the splitting process was found to be longer at higher atom density.     

Mutual-friction induced instability of normal-fluid vortex tubes in superfluid helium-4

It is shown that, as a result of its interactions with superfluid vorticity, a normal-fluid vortex tube in helium-4 becomes unstable and disintegrates. The superfluid vorticity acquires only a small (few percents of normal-fluid tube strength) polarization, whilst expanding in a front-like manner in the intervortex space of the normal-fluid, forming a dense, unstructured tangle in the process. The accompanied energy spectra scalings offer a structural explanation of analogous scalings in fully developed finite-temperature superfluid turbulence. A macroscopic mutual-friction model incorporating these findings is proposed.     

Helical instability of a straight Abrikosov vortex in an anisotropic superconductor

Because of attraction of the parallel currents forming an Abrikosov vortex, the vortex energy per unit length decreases, under bending of the vortex, by a quantity proportional to the square of the curvature. Solving the London equation in an approximation allowing for this effect makes it possible to calculate the energy of an Abrikosov vortex in the form of a helix whose length and pitch are much larger than the correlation length, whose curvature is small compared to the reciprocal London length, and whose slope in relation to an axis coinciding with the direction in which the vortex energy is the highest is also small. When the anisotropy is large, which is characteristic of high-T _c superconductors, the energy of such an Abrikosov vortex is lower than that of a straight Abrikosov vortex. Certain consequences of the fact that the Abrikosov vortices in a high-T _c superconductor are helical are discussed. Among these is a phase transition that breaks the symmetry between Abrikosov vortices shaped like right-and left-hand helixes in relation to the magnetic field. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 1869–1878 (May 1997)