聚乙二醇-四苯硼酸根-金属离子配合物体系的研究 Ⅰ.四苯硼酸钠电位滴定法测铅

铅常采用EDTA容量法测定,但干扰元素较多,需用氰化物掩蔽。电位滴定法测铅也有报道,亦因干扰较多,应用受到限制。Levins利用聚乙二醇(PEG)或其衍生物的钡(钅羊)离子与四苯硼酸根(TPB~-)生成溶解度很小的配合物的性质,用NaTPB电位滴定法测定了PEG及其衍生物的含量。段学锋等报道了在PEG存在下以离子选择电极指示终点,用     

四苯硼酸鈉的极谱研究

自1949年Wittig等合成了四苯硼酸钠(以下简称Na-TPB)试剂以来,Na-TPB对钾、铷、铯、银、汞以及含氮化合物等进行了广泛的定量研究,且已成为分析化学中的重要有机试剂。在Na-TPB的极谱研究方面,1959年Geske曾在乙腈中在铂阳极上用伏安法研究它的氧化还原反应,发现有二个波,第一波的n值为2,第二波的反应未曾肯定。1959年,Amos等曾用Na-TPB对钾盐作电流滴定。1961年,Heyrovsky用以滴定二价汞盐,但对波的性质均未作进一步研究。1960年Smith等曾在水溶液中在石墨电极上得到一个电流-电压曲线,对电极反应过程亦未作讨论。本文就Na-TPB在水溶液中的极谱行为进行了系统的研究,确定了波的性质及电极反应过程。     

四苯硼酸钠电位滴定法测有机硫

Selig用氧瓶分解有机硫化合物,生成的硫酸根用高氯酸铅作电位滴定,惜硫酸铅的溶解度较大,且F~-、Cl~-共存时干扰测定。Levins使聚乙二醇(PEG)及其衍生物与钡生成(钅羊)离子,以金属银电极作指示电极,用四苯硼酸钠(TPB钠盐)滴定,测定PEG及其衍生物含量。殷学锋等利用此反应在PEG存在下,以TPB电极作指示电极,用TPB钠盐返滴定钡测定镀铬液中的硫酸根。本文试验将此反应用于有机硫的测定,证明TPB液膜电极及硫化银电极均可用作电位滴定指示电极。本文并对不同分子量PEG的选择及其对电位滴定曲线的影响机理等问题作了初步探讨。     

四苯硼酸盐PVC膜锂离子选择电极的研究

四苯硼酸盐与介体溶剂所组成的PVC膜对碱金属离子的选择性同溶剂的性质有关^[1]。因此,可选择适当的溶剂研制碱金属离子选择电极。本工作研究了以DOPP(苯基膦酸二辛酯)或TBP(磷酸三丁酯)为介体溶剂,NaTPB(四苯硼钠)或KTPB(四苯硼钾)为活性物质的PVC膜对金属离子的选择响应。结果表明,DOPP为溶剂、KTPB为活性物质可制备性能良好的PVC膜Li⁺选择电极。该电极的电化学性能接近或优于新近报道的几种Li⁺选择电极^[2~7]。     

2,6-二甲基苯硼酸制备方法的改进

选用硼酸三丁酯为硼化剂,利用格氏试剂法制备了2,6-二甲基苯硼酸,考察了温度、硼化试剂和反应物配比对产率的影响,得出了较佳的合成条件:先由0.1mol2,6-二甲基溴苯与0.12mol镁在43℃反应1.5h制得格氏试剂(产率98.2%),然后与0.2mol硼酸三丁酯在-10℃下发生亲核取代,2h快速升温至20℃,经酸性水解得产品,分离后总产率由有机锂法的51%提高到72.2%,且反应条件更加温和并对产品进行了核磁共振、质谱和IR表征。     

间-氨基苯硼酸盐酸盐的晶体与分子结构

间－氨基苯硼酸盐酸盐的晶体与分子结构李洪峰,王祥云,杨清传,刘元方（北京大学技术物理系,北京大学化学系,北京,１０８８７１）关键词间－氨基苯硼酸,晶体结构,分子结构我们选择了一种新的取代硼酸（ＯＨ）２ＢＣ６Ｈ４ＮＨ２（ｍ－ＡＰＢＡ）以制备新的ＢＡＴＯ...     

叔丁基二甲硅氧基苯硼酸及羟基苯硼酸的制备

以邻、间、对三种溴酚为原料, 经叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷保护酚基后制成格氏试剂, 然后与硼酸酯反应, 选择性水解得到了邻、间、对-叔丁基二甲硅氧基苯硼酸, 收率分别为51%, 44%和40%. 将对位、间位的硼酸酯中间体3a, 3b用强酸水解可得到间羟基苯硼酸(产率65%)和对羟基苯硼酸(产率14%), 但发现它们极难纯化, 这是由于羟基硼酸极易生成苯二酚之故.     

四苯硼酸盐PVC膜铯离子选择性电极的研究

四苯硼酸盐为活性物质的PVC膜对金属离子的选择性同溶剂的性质相关。本文考察了以邻硝基苯辛醚(o-NPOE)、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DOP)及癸二酸二丁酯(DBS)为溶剂的四苯硼酸盐PVC膜对金属离子的选择性,比较了四苯硼钠(NaTPB)、四苯硼钾(KTPB)、四苯硼铷(RbTPB)及四苯硼铯(CsTPB)等几种碱金属的四苯硼酸盐为活性物质的膜的电化学性能,研制了以o—NPOE为溶剂,NaTPB为活性物质     

熔融萘萃取铁(Ⅱ)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉-四苯硼酸盐三元络合物光度法测定铁

研究了以熔融萘作为萃取剂,以4,7 二苯基 1,10 菲口罗啉作为显色剂,测定天然水中微量铁的分光光度法。在pH4的条件下,铁(Ⅱ)与4,7 二苯基 1,10 菲口罗啉和四苯硼酸盐能够形成红色三元络合物。在熔融萘存在下,此络合物可以迅速萃入熔融萘。将含有络合物的萘冷却、固化、分离,配制成25mL丙酮溶液,对其进行分光光度分析。实验表明,该络合物最大吸收波长为534nm,摩尔吸光系数和桑德尔灵敏度分别为2×104L·mol-1·cm-1和0.0025μg/cm2,铁(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在0～2 0μg/mL的范围内符合比耳定律。大多数常见离子不干扰测定。已应用于天然水中微量铁的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.