电喷雾电离质谱在富勒烯化学中的应用进展

电喷才电离质谱（ＥＳＩ－ＭＳ）是本世纪发展的一种非常重要的质谱，具有软电离、无碎片的特点，可用于分析检测非挥发性的，极性的、热不稳定的化合物，在富勒烯化学研究中起了重要作用。本文对ＥＳＩ－ＭＳ在富勒烯化学中的应用进展作一概要评述。     

电喷雾电离质谱在化学中应用新进展

电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)是本世纪发展的非常重要的质谱,具有无碎片的特点,可分析检测非挥发性的、极性的、热不稳定的化合物。评述了ESI-MS在富勒烯化学、无机配合物、簇合物、有机化学反应,金属有机化合物及超分子化学中的应用进展。     

质谱在金属抗肿瘤化合物分子作用机理研究中的应用

软电离质谱,包括电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)和基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱(MALDI-MS)已成为研究金属抗肿瘤药物与蛋白质、DNA等生物大分子相互作用最强有力的工具.质谱成像技术在组织、细胞水平上探索金属抗肿瘤化合物作用机理研究上的应用也方兴未艾.本文基于在金属抗肿瘤配合物分子作用机理研究中的工作进展,系统地总结、评述质谱在铂基和钌基金属抗肿瘤配合物分子作用机理研究中的应用,介绍质谱研究金属抗肿瘤配合物与蛋白质和DNA相互作用及作用位点的最新研究成果,并展望质谱在这一前沿交叉领域的应用前景和趋势.     

一种新的富勒烯封端聚L-谷氨酸苄酯的合成

首次利用富勒烯谷氨酸苄酯的游离氨基引发谷氨酸苄酯-NCA开环聚合,得到了一种新的富勒烯封端的聚谷氨酸苄酯.利用核磁共振（1HNMR）、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）和热重分析等对产物进行了表征.     

C60-N-甲基吡咯烷衍生物直接进样电喷雾离子阱质谱表征

通过直接进样方式,采用电喷雾电离质谱技术分析了8个合成的富勒烯-N-甲基吡咯烷衍生物,详细研究了其在电喷雾条件下的质谱行为。由结果可知,该类化合物在电喷雾电离过程中易得到电子而负离子化;当衍生物结构中有相对易质子化基团或有活泼氢时,则可获得质子化和去质子的正负离子谱图;衍生物在负离子模式下容易失去吡咯环产生富勒烯负离子,且在合适能量碰撞下易发生衍生化基团内部的逆环加成反应,通过失去1个中性小分子物质CH2‖N—CH3,产生新的一取代亚甲基富勒烯衍生物。基于电喷雾电离源技术联合离子阱分析器建立的质谱分析方法,不但能提供准确的分子量信息,还能通过获得高分辨同位素谱峰和丰富的二级碎片离子峰,进一步确认化合物的分子结构,是一种先进、快速的富勒烯吡咯烷衍生物定性分析方法。     

食品中化学性有害物的质谱软电离裂解规律及筛查技术研究进展

食品中化学性有害物是导致食品安全问题的重要原因，质谱是对食品中化学性有害物进行定性定量分析的有效方法。该文按照化合物结构类别，综述了食品中重要化学性有害物的质谱软电离裂解机理，包括农药、兽药、真菌毒素，以及其他化学污染物。对于每类化合物，重点综述化合物质谱裂解产生的特征碎片、中性丢失等，以及这些质谱软电离裂解机理在食品中化学性有害物筛查及发现中的应用。研究化合物的质谱裂解机理可以帮助研究者对化合物进行结构解析和结构确证，为食品中同类结构新型化学性有害物的发掘提供理论依据。     

激光解吸电离质谱法分析富勒烯

论述了用激光解吸电离谱法分析富勒烯。因在电离过程中富勒分子不发生裂解，因此这种方法可直接用于富勒烯混合物的分析而勿需任何预分离。还给出了用本法分析较大、较稳定富勒烯分子的质谱图。     

新型富勒烯衍生物的激光质谱结构表征

对3种电化学方法合成的新型结构富勒烯衍生物进行了激光质谱表征,确认了1,2加成以及[5,6]开环富勒烯衍生物结构.质谱结果发现了富勒烯以及富勒烯衍生物与氧的结合峰,核磁共振结果进一步证明了富勒烯衍生物的结构,为含有C60结构衍生物的研究提供了有力的表征手段.     

一系列阳离子性卟啉化合物的基质辅助激光解吸质谱行为

应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)研究了一系列阳离子性卟啉化合物的质谱行为.结果表明,阳离子性卟啉与非离子性卟啉化合物的激光解吸电离方式有明显不同.对于四-氮R基(R=甲基,乙基,丙基,苄基)吡啶基卟啉,吡啶基氮上的侧链基团(R)可明显影响该类化合物在MALDI-TOF-MS测试过程中离子形成方式;R基团的增大以及平衡阴离子半径的增大可增加平衡阴离子与卟啉环阳离子之间相互作用力的共价成分,因此在MALDI-TOF-MS测定过程中能够得到卟啉环阳离子与多个平衡阴离子结合在一起的较高质量数的离子峰.另外,还初步探讨了阳离子性卟啉化合物的激光解吸电离机理.     

稠环齐聚物结构的激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱表征

应用激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱对几种不同结构的吡嗪稠环齐聚物进行了表征.样品溶解在二甲基亚砜中,以正离子方式记录谱图,结果发现除了产生目标化合物的质子化的分子离子峰外,还产生了少量的碎片分子离子峰.结果表明激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱能有效地、快速准确地给出这类化合物的分子离子峰,为吡嗪类稠环齐聚物的研究提供了有效的表征方法.     

Intensity Exaggeration of Endohedral Metallofullerenes in Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Massspectrometryhasplayedacriticalroleinthefullereneresearchesl-8.ItwillalsobeheIpfulinthestudyofendohedralmetallofullerenes6.Eventhoughtherehavebeenplentyofreportsonmet.ll.fullerenes'-",detailedstudiesabouttheirgas-phasebehaviorareverypoor.Inthisletter,wereportanunusualintensityexaggerationphenomenonofendohedralmetallofullerenesinLD-TOFmassspectrometry,whichisconsideredduetotheirpeculiarionizationenergiesandelectronaffinities.SootcontainingmetallofullereneswassynthesizedbyK-Hcarbonarcevap…     

Non-HPLC rapid separation of metallofullerenes and empty cages with TiCl4 Lewis acid

Rapid and efficient separation/purification of pure metallofullerenes M(x)@C(n) (M = metal; x = 1, 2; n > 70) and carbide metallofullerenes of the type M(y)C(2)@C(n-2) (y = 2, 3, 4; n - 2 > 68) has been reported. The present method utilizes rapid and almost perfect preferential formation of TiCl(4) (generally known as a Lewis acid)-metallofullerene complexes, which easily decompose to provide pure metallofullerene powders by a simple water treatment. The present method enables one to separate the metallofullerenes up to >99% purity within 10 min without using any type of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is found that the oxidation potentials of the metallofullerenes are crucial factors for efficient purification. The current separation/purification technique may open a brand-new era for inducing further applications and commercialization of endohedral metallofullerenes.     

Entrapping of exohedral metallofullerenes in carbon nanotubes: (CsC60)n@SWNT nano-peapods

Exohedral C60-based metallofullerenes, CsC60, have been synthesized and successfully encapsulated into single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in high yield by reducing C60 molecules into anions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images and in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) indicate that Cs atoms and C60 molecules align within SWNTs as CsC60 exohedral metallofullerenes, and that the formal charge state of encaged CsC60 is expressed as Cs+1C60-1. The present peapods with the exohedral metallofullerenes provide a new insight and the possibility to fine-tune the electronic and transport properties of carbon nanotubes.     

稀土富勒烯提取液的解析电子轰击质谱

采用解析电子轰击质谱对电弧法合成的稀土富勒烯衍生物的提取液进行了质谱分析，有效地检测到富勒烯，稀土富勒烯单电荷、双电荷的分子离子峰。利用同位素贡献确证了某些稀土富勒烯的生成。采用高电流瞬间解析样品，使得谱图中的谱峰强度更加真实地反应出提取液中各组分的相对含量。     

高温高压法提取金属富勒烯Lnm@C2nLn=Y, Gd, Tb)

笼内金属富勒烯以其独特的结构性质和潜在的应用价值而引起了人们极大的注意 [1～ 3] ,但因制备技术复杂、产率低以及将其从伴生的空心富勒烯中分离出来比较困难而使其研究受到很大的限制 .笼内金属富勒烯的分离提取始终是金属富勒烯研究的一个重要分支 .通常的方法是将放电得到的烟炱采用甲苯索氏提取的方法粗提 ,然后用高压液相色谱法分离得到纯品 ,笼内金属富勒烯的产率仅为烟炱的 0 .1 % [4～ 6] .我们改进了常规的提取方法 ,建立了一种新的提取方法—高温高压提取法 .具体的做法是采用甲苯索氏提取法从烟炱中提取出空心富勒烯和少量金…     

The Cage and Metal Effect: Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Survey of a Series of Sm‐Containing High Metallofullerenes

A series of Sm‐containing high metallofullerenes, namely, Sm@C₈₂ (I, II, III, IV), Sm@C₈₄ (I, II, III), Sm@C₈₆, Sm@C₈₈ (I, II, III), Sm@C₉₀ (I, II, III), Sm@C₉₂ (I, II), Sm@C₉₄ (I, II, III), and Sm@C₉₆, is successfully synthesized and characterized by UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Sm‐containing high metallofullerenes have a relatively larger number of isomers compared with other divalent ones. The highest boiling point of Sm among Group II metals may be responsible for this phenomenon. Comparing the spectroscopic and electrochemical behaviors of Sm‐containing metallofullerenes with those of other divalent ones, it is seen that when the size of the carbon cage enlarges, different structures form stable molecules with different metals. Furthermore, there are also some important differences in the electrochemistry properties. The cage effect on the electronic structures of high metallofullerenes is also estimated from the differences in reduction potentials between metallofullerenes and their corresponding fullerenes. It is believed that the influence of transferred electrons from the metal to the carbon cage becomes much weaker for high fullerenes. The redox property of high metallofullerene is more dependent on the carbon‐cage structure than the effect of electron transfer.     

DFT calculations on the structural stability and infrared spectroscopy of endohedral metallofullerenes

Endohedral metallofullerenes M@C₂₄ (M = Li^0/+, Na^0/+, K^0/+, Be^0/2+, Mg^0/2+ and Ca^0/2+) with different spin configurations have been systematically investigated using the hybrid DFT-B3PW91 functional in conjunction with 6-31G(d) basis sets. Our theoretical studies show that Li@C₂₄, Be@C₂₄, Be²⁺@C₂₄, and Mg²⁺@C₂₄ are energetically favorable. In these endohedral metallofullerenes, only the encapsulated Be and Ca atoms can donate the electrons to the cage. With exception of Be²⁺@C₂₄, the energy gaps of other charged compounds are larger than that of corresponding neutral compounds. We also find that some endohedral metallofullerenes have high energy gaps, but they are unlikely to show high thermodynamic stability. Additionally, the vibrational frequencies and active infrared intensities are also used as evidence to identify these endohedral metallofullerenes.     

两步法提取笼内金属富勒烯

两步法提取笼内金属富勒烯郝春雁，刘子阳，徐文国，郭兴华，刘淑莹（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，吉林大学化学系，长春，１３００２２）关键词金属富勒烯，索氏提取，ＤＥＩ－ＭＳ，ＬＤＩ－ＭＳ目前笼内包含金属的富勒烯化合物以其新颖独特的结构和性质而格外引人注...     

High-Yield Synthesis of Endohedral Metallofullerenes Y@C_(2n) and Y_2@C_(2n)

Becauseoftheirunusualstructureandmanyexpectednoveloptic,electricandmagneticproperties.endohedralmetallofullerenes(EMFs)haveintenselyattractedtheinterestofbothchemistsandmaterialscientists.TheoriginalyttriunlEMFsweresynthesizedbylaserablation:andarcburningmethod=.UPtonow,onlyY@C,=wasisolatedandpurifiedby'HPLC;inmilligramqLlantitiesandsolllespectroscopicandstructuralanalysesincludingXPSIEXAFS'.STMS.ESR",XRD:andRamalltecllniqtle'havebeenusedtocharacterizeit.However,furtherillvestiga…     

La@C72 having a non-IPR carbon cage

We show here that La@C72 has a non-IPR cage, unique electronic properties, and high reactivity by the spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis and the theoretical study. The isolation of La@C72 as a stable derivative might constitute an important stepping-stone on the way to isolation of these unknown metallofullerenes and open new material science of metallofullerenes.