一类新型环金属配体——(口恶)二唑衍生物的化学结构及其性能

合成了5个2,5-二芳基-1,3,4-(口恶)二唑衍生物环金属配合物配体,其化学结构经1H NMR、IR和元素分析得到确证. 利用紫外光谱、荧光光谱、差热分析(DSC)和循环伏安法测试技术分别研究了它们的光谱性能、热性能和电化学性能. 结果表明,该类衍生物在二氯甲烷溶液中的最大紫外吸收波长在268～327 nm范围,在二氯甲烷溶液和固体膜中的最大荧光发射波长分别在332～390 nm和359～439 nm范围;DSC分析结果表明,5个(口恶)二唑衍生物的起始吸热峰位于120～328 ℃之间,其中对称结构的(口恶)二唑衍生物显示了较高的熔融温度;由循环伏安图和相关计算结果表明,5个(口恶)二唑衍生物的还原电位位于-1.03～-0.98 V,其相应的最低非占有分子轨道能级(LUMO)在-3.71～-3.76 eV之间.     

吡啶星型分子的双光子上转换荧光特性

用飞秒Ti:sapphire激光测定了一种星型吡啶分子2,5-二{4-{4-[N,N-二(4-吡啶乙烯基)苯基氨基]苯乙烯基}苯基}-1,3,4-噁二唑(PyPASPO)的双光子吸收截面及上转换荧光光谱.采用非线性透过率法测得二氯甲烷和四氢呋喃溶液中的其双光子吸收截面分别为412.5 和288.8 GM. 系统研究了吡啶星形分子PyPASPO的线性吸收和透过、单光子荧光、荧光寿命及激发-发射三维荧光谱和前线轨道能级. 在800 nm和150 fs钛宝石激光器激发下PyPASPO在二氯甲烷和四氢呋喃溶液中的双光子上转换荧光发射波长分别位于571和 525 nm,在二氯甲烷溶液中单光子荧光峰位于532 nm,荧光寿命为1.24 ns. HOMO和LUMO能级分别为-5.21 eV和-2.92 eV.增大分子内电荷转移有效增强了吡啶星形分子的双光子吸收和双光子上转换荧光发射能力     

双枝[1,3,4]-噁二唑衍生物的合成与荧光性质

通过Wittig反应和Heck反应合成了三个双枝噁二唑衍生物: N-{{{3,5-二-[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]-苯基}-E-乙烯基}-4-苯基}二苯胺(BBOD-2), N,N-双{{{3,5-二-[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]-苯基}-E-乙烯基}-4-苯基}苯胺(BBOD-3), N,N,N-三{4-{2-{3,5-二-[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]-苯基}-E-乙烯基}苯基}胺(BBOD-4). 化合物结构经过红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱和熔点确证, 测定了它们在不同溶剂中的紫外光谱和单光子荧光光谱. BBOD-1, BBOD-2, BBOD-3, BBOD-4在二氯甲烷中的最大吸收峰分别位于295, 390, 398和408 nm; 最大发射峰分别为360, 486, 483和487 nm. 讨论了Stokes位移与溶剂极性的关系.     

含偶氮苯基元对称双噁二唑衍生物的合成及其发光性能

合成了含偶氮苯基元的对称双噁二唑衍生物Fn,利用IR、1H NMR方法确认了其分子结构,用荧光光谱研究了偶氮苯基元对噁二唑衍生物光致发光特性的影响。 F3、F6、F10的发射峰皆为双峰,分别位于348、356 nm和345、357 nm及345、357 nm,属于噁二唑基团的特征发射峰。 偶氮苯基元的引入,对噁二唑衍生物Fn在溶液中的最大发射峰位影响较小,对发光强度影响较大,其发光强度大大降低。 这主要是由于在光激发过程中偶氮苯基团与噁二唑基团间发生了分子内电子能量转移。     

2,4和8-支噁二唑衍生物的三光子吸收和三光子上转换荧光

用飞秒Ti:sapphire激光测定了3个对称噁二唑衍生物4-{N,N-双[4-(4-[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]苯乙烯基)苯基]氨基}苯甲醛(Bis-oxa)、2,5-双{4-[2-N,N-双(4-{4-[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]苯乙烯基}苯基)氨基苯乙烯基]苯基}-1,3,4-噁二唑(Quadri-oxa)和2,5-双(4-{2-N,N-双[({3,5-二[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]苯基}乙烯基)苯基]氨基苯乙烯基}苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑(Octu-oxa)的三光子吸收谱和三光子荧光光谱. 在1260 nm飞秒激光激发下, 2,4和8-支噁二唑衍生物的三光子吸收系数分别为5.0×10^-5, 10.0×10^-5和10.0×10^-5 cm³/GW², 三光子频率上转换荧光发射波长分别为533, 544和551 nm. 研究了多支化合物线性吸收和透过、单光子荧光及量子产率、荧光寿命、多光子荧光光谱和三光子吸收系数谱. 对称多支噁二唑衍生物具有很强的三光子吸收和上转换荧光性质.     

芳杂环推拉型大分子的多光子上转换荧光性质

用Wittig反应和Heck反应制备了2个新的芳杂环推-拉型荧光大分子聚[(2,5-二苯撑-1,3,4-噁二唑)-4,4'-乙烯撑-交替-N,N'-二(4-苯乙烯撑)]苯胺(P1)和聚[(2,5-二苯撑-1,3,4-噁二唑)-4,4'-乙烯撑-交替-N-乙基-3,6-咔唑乙烯撑](P2). P1和P2的分解温度分别为373和412 ℃, 热稳定性良好. 电化学性能用循环伏安法测定. P1和P2的最高占有分子轨道(HOMO)能级分别为-5.39和-5.81 eV, 最低未占有分子轨道(LUMO)能级分别为-2.81和-3.09 eV. 用飞秒Ti:Sapphire激光器测定了P1和P2的三光子和双光子上转换荧光光谱. 在1250 nm波长激发下, 在四氢呋喃溶液中P1和P2的三光子荧光发射峰分别位于510和491 nm. 在800 nm波长激发下, 在四氢呋喃溶液中P1和P2的双光子荧光发射峰分别位于511和495 nm. 在四氢呋喃溶液中大分子P1和P2单光子荧光发射峰分别位于503 和475 nm, P1和P2的荧光量子产率分别为0.80和0.31. 研究了多光子荧光发射过程的溶剂效应. 结果表明, 溶剂极性增大, P1和P2的多光子荧光发射波长明显红移.     

三芳基吡唑啉噁二唑类衍生物的合成及其荧光光谱研究

提出了一种新的合成1,3,4-噁二唑化合物的方法,并通过Wittig反应将其与1,3,5-三芳基-2-吡唑啉相连合成了6种新的三芳基吡唑啉噁二唑类化合物.用红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振谱和元素分析对合成化合物进行了结构表征.用荧光光谱仪对它们的荧光性能进行了测试,测试结果表明目标产物具有良好的荧光性,其荧光发射波长均在437～511nm范围内,荧光量子产率最大可达0.36.     

星型二苯乙烯衍生物的三光子吸收及多光子荧光发射

用飞秒Ti:sapphire激光测定了星型二苯乙烯衍生物2,5-二{4-{2-N,N-二[4-(2-N,N-二苯基氨基苯乙烯基)苯基]氨基苯乙烯基}苯基}-1,3,4-噁二唑(DPASPO)和1,2,4,5-四(4-N,N-二苯氨基苯乙烯基)苯(PASB)的三光子吸收谱和多光子上转换荧光光谱. 研究了星形八极矩分子DPASPO和PASB的线性吸收、单光子荧光及荧光寿命. 在800 nm波长的飞秒激光激发下, DPASPO和PASB在二氯甲烷溶液中发出很强的黄绿色双光子上转换荧光, 荧光峰分别位于583 nm和547 nm. 在1260 nm波长的飞秒激光激发下, DPASPO和PASB的三光子上转换荧光峰分别位于612 nm和572 nm. 采用非线性透过率法测得DPASPO和PASB最大三光子吸收截面分别为16.69×10^－79 cm⁶•s²和6.81×10^－79 cm⁶•s². 这些二苯乙烯衍生物的三光子吸收截面较大. 在这些星型分子中, 三光子吸收增强来源于二苯乙烯分支的增加, 共轭体系的扩展以及分子内跨越空间电荷离域.     

卟啉-噁二唑二元体系光诱导能量及电子传递研究

以5-对氨基苯基-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉及2-苯基-5-(对氨基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑为原料合成了系列卟啉-噁二唑二元化合物, 其结构通过¹H NMR, ESI-MS, IR, UV-Vis确定. 对合成化合物进行光谱性能测定, 结果表明, 在卟啉与噁二唑混合体系中, 存在着卟啉激发态分子向噁二唑基态分子的分子间电子传递过程, 导致卟啉激发态的荧光猝灭; 在卟啉-噁二唑二元体系中, 315 nm激发下发生了由激发态噁二唑基团至卟啉基团的能量传递, 导致噁二唑基团荧光猝灭, 卟啉基团荧光增强. 420 nm激发下不存在分子内卟啉基团向噁二唑基团的电子回传竞争; 电化学性能测定进一步表明从噁二唑基团向卟啉基团的电子传递是可能的. 因此卟啉-噁二唑二元化合物可能作为一种模型, 模拟光合作用中电子给体至叶绿素之间的电子传递过程.     

以N为耦合中心多枝分子的双光子上转换荧光

采用非线性透过率法研究了以N为耦合中心的多枝化合物N-[4-{2-(3,5-二-[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-]苯基}-1-乙烯基}苯基}-N,N-二苯胺(BPODPA), N,N-双[4-{2-(3,5-二-[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-]苯基}-1-乙烯基}苯基}-N-苯胺(BBPOPA)和N,N,N-三[4-{2-(3,5-二-[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]苯基}-1-乙烯基}苯基}胺(TBPOA)的双光子吸收性质, 测定了化合物的单光子荧光光谱和双光子上转换荧光光谱, 研究了多枝化对三苯胺分子双光子吸收和双光子激发荧光性质的影响.在800 nm波长的激光激发下,化合物BPODPA、BBPOPA和TBPOA在二氯甲烷溶液中发出很强的蓝绿色双光子上转换荧光, 荧光峰分别位于502、515 和518 nm. 这些多枝结构化合物的双光子吸收截面较大, 双光子吸收增强来源于多枝分子中扩展的π共轭体系和重复单元的协同效应.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。