Exact solution for laminated continuous open cylindrical shells

I.Introducti0nNowadays,thecurrenttheoriesofplatesandshe1ls,suchasthetheoriesofReissner's,KirchhoffLove'sandAmbartsumyan'setc,areestablishedons0mehypotheses.Forexample-assumethatthemechanicalquantitiesarethepolynomialsofacertaincoordinatevariable.Itisshown…     

平稳/非平稳激励下中厚圆柱壳随机振动响应的基准解

圆柱壳结构被广泛应用于航空航天、船舶、汽车工程等领域.由于服役环境复杂,圆柱壳会受到随机激励作用,从而产生随机振动响应.本文针对考虑横向剪切变形和转动惯量的中厚圆柱壳,将虚拟激励法拓展到连续体结构,高效获得了各类随机激励下响应均方根的基准解.首先,开展了简支条件下中厚圆柱壳的自由振动分析,精确求得各阶自振频率和解析振型...     

Stressed state of a composite cylindrical shell with an elliptical hole

The results of investigations of the stress-strained state (SSS) of isotropic cylindrical shells with an elliptical hole are represented in monograph [4]. The modified method of expansion in terms of minor parameter [3] is suggested for calculation of orthotropic shells. The method does not consider, however, lateral shear strains introducing a significant contribution in SSS of composite shells. The procedure for solving problems of SSS calculation near curvilinear holes in shells of arbitrary shape with variable geometrical and physical characteristics is suggested in [1] on the basis of variational-difference method (VDM). Here the relations of the linear theory of anisotropic inhomogeneous shells and the hypothesis of a straight line are taken as the initial ones for all the packet of laminated composite shell as a whole. In the present work we present the numerical results obtained according to the procedure given in [1] for an orthotropic cylindrical shell with an elliptical hole loaded by the axial force and complaint for the lateral shear.S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 29, No. 11, pp. 57–62, November, 1993.     

Analyzing the stress–strain state of thick cylindrical shells

Two approaches to the analysis of the stress–strain state of thick cylindrical shells are elaborated. The shell is divided by concentric cross-sectional circles into several coaxial cylindrical shells. Each of these shells has its own curvature determined on its midline. The stress–strain state of the original shell is described by satisfying the interface conditions between the component shells. The distribution of unknown functions throughout the thickness is determined by finding the analytic solution of a system of differential equations in the first approach and is approximated by polynomial functions in the second approach. The stress–strain state of thick shells is analyzed. It is revealed that the effect of reduction becomes stronger with increasing curvature     

Analytical solution for axisymmetric problem of thick laminated closed cantilever shells in hamilton system

By giving up any assumptions about displacement models and stress distribution, the mixed state Hamilton equation for the axisymmetric problem of the thick laminated closed cantilever cylindrical shells is established. An identical analytical solution is obtained for the thin, moderately thick and thick laminated closed cantilever cylindrical shells. All equations of elasticity can be satisfied, and all elastic constants can be taken into account. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

直角坐标下厚圆柱扁壳弯曲的一般解

基于直角坐标下考虑横向剪切变形情况下厚圆柱扁壳的几何方程、物理方程、平衡微分方程,建立了以3个中面位移和2个中面转角为独立变量的中厚圆柱扁壳弯曲的位移型基本微分方程.因该方程可退化为薄圆柱扁壳弯曲的基本微分方程,说明了其推导过程的正确性及一般性.此外,厚圆柱扁壳的位移型基本微分方程是一个10阶微分方程,对其使用双重三角...     

On the influence of a transverse magnetic field on the vibration spectra of shallow shells

In the design of electric machines, devices, and plasma generator bearing constructions, it is sometimes necessary to study the influence of magnetic fields on the vibration frequency spectra of thin-walled elements. The main equations of magnetoelastic vibrations of plates and shells are given in [1], where the influence of the magnetic field on the fundamental frequencies and vibration shapes is also studied. When studying the higher frequencies and vibration modes of plates and shells, it is very efficient to use Bolotin’s asymptotic method [2–4]. A survey of studies of its applications to problems of elastic system vibrations and stability can be found in [5, 6]. Bolotin’s asymptotic method was used to obtain estimates for the density of natural frequencies of shallow shell vibrations [3] and to study the influence of the membrane stressed state on the distribution of frequencies of cylindrical and spherical shells vibrations [7, 8]. In a similar way, the influence of the longitudinal magnetic field on the distribution of plate and shell vibration frequencies was studied [9, 10]. It was shown that there is a decrease in the vibration frequencies of cylindrical shells under the action of a longitudinal magnetic field, and the accumulation point of the natural frequencies moves towards the region of lower frequencies [10]. In the present paper, we study the influence of a transverse magnetic field on the distribution of natural frequencies of shallow cylindrical and spherical shells, obtain asymptotic estimates for the density of natural frequencies of shell vibrations, and compare the obtained results with the empirical numerical results.     

厚圆柱壳的非轴对称振动分析

本文对厚圆柱壳的非轴对称振动进行了分析，其中除包含通常的薄膜和弯曲效应外，还反映了转动惯性，横向剪切变形和横向挤压的影响，数值结果表明：对于厚圆柱壳来说存在着频率密集区，频率位置发生移动，横向挤压的影响必须要考虑。     

层合闭口厚柱壳的温度应力

基于层合柱壳混合状态方程和边界条件的弱形式，建立了两端固支层合闭口柱壳的温度应力混合方程，给出了任意厚度合闭口柱壳在温度荷载和机械荷载共同作用下的解析解。     

Natural vibrations of a cantilever thin elastic orthotropic cylindrical shell

The natural vibrations of a cantilever thin elastic orthotropic circular cylindrical shell are studied. Dispersion equations for the determination of possible natural frequencies of cantilever closed shells and open shells with Navier hinged boundary conditions at the longitudinal edges are derived from the classical dynamic theory of orthotropic cylindrical shells. It is proved that there are asymptotic relationships between these problems and the problems for a cantilever orthotropic strip plate and for a cantilever rectangular plate and the eigenvalue problem for a semi-infinite closed orthotropic cylindrical shell with free end and for the same but open shell with Navier hinged boundary conditions at the longitudinal edges. A procedure to identify types of vibrations is presented. Orthotropic cylindrical shells with different radii and lengths are used as an example to find approximate values of the dimensionless natural frequency and damping factor for vibration modes __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 68–91, May 2008.     

Analysis of a strengthened weakly conical shell using a complete system of orthogonal functions on an arbitrary contour of its transverse cross-section

Thin-walled weakly conical and cylindrical shells with arbitrary open, simply or multiply closed contour of transverse cross-sections strengthened by longitudinal elements (such as stringers and longerons) are used in the design of wings, fuselages, and ship hulls. To avoid significant deformations of the contour, such structures are stiffened by transverse elements (such as ribs and frames). Various computational models and methods are used to analyze the stress-strain states of such compound structures. In particular, the ground stress-strain states in bending, transverse shear, and twisting of elongated structures are often analyzed with the use of the theory of thin-walled beams [1] based on the hypothesis of free (unconstrained) warping and bending of the contour of transverse cross-sections. In general, the computations with the contour warping and bending constraints caused by the variable load distribution, transverse stiffening elements, and the difference in the geometric and rigidity parameters of the shell cells are usually performed by the finite element method or the superelement (substructure) method [2, 3]. In several special cases (mainly for separate cells of cylindrical and weakly conical shells located between transverse stiffening elements, with the use of some additional simplifying assumptions), efficient variation methods for computations in displacements [4–8] and in stresses [9] were developed, so that they reduce the problem to a system of ordinary differential equations. In the one-and two-term approximations, these methods permit obtaining analytic solutions, which are convenient in practical computations. But for shells with multiply closed contours of transverse cross-sections and in the case of exact computations by using the Vlasov variational method [4], difficulties are encountered in choosing the functions representing the warping and bending of the contour of transverse cross-sections. In [10], in computations of a cylindrical shell with simply closed undeformed contour of the transverse section, warping was represented in the form of expansions in the eigenfunctions orthogonal on the contour, which were determined by the method of separation of variables from a special integro-differential equation. In [11], a second-order ordinary differential equation of Sturm-Liouville type was obtained; its solutions form a complete system of orthogonal functions with orthogonal derivatives on an arbitrary open simply or multiply closed contour of a membrane cylindrical shell stiffened by longitudinal elements. The analysis of such a shell with expansion of the displacements in these functions leads to ordinary differential equations that are not coupled with each other. In the present paper, by using the method of separation of variables, we obtain differential and the corresponding variational equations for numerically determining complete systems of eigenfunctions on an arbitrary contour of a discretely stiffened membrane weakly conical shell and a weakly conical shell with undeformed contour. The obtained systems of eigenfunctions are used to reduce the problem of deformation of shells of these two types to uncoupled differential equations, which can be solved exactly.     

Buckling of thick cylindrical shells under external pressure: A new analytical expression for the critical load and comparison with elasticity solutions

In this paper a set of stability equations for thick cylindrical shells is derived and solved analytically. The set is obtained by integration of the differential stability equations across the thickness of the shell. The effects of transverse shear and the non-linear variation of the stresses and displacements are accounted for with the aid of the higher order shell theory proposed by [Voyiadjis, G.Z. and Shi, G., 1991, A refined two-dimensional theory for thick cylindrical shells, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 27(3), 261–282.]. For a thick shell under external hydrostatic pressure, the stability equations are solved analytically and yield an improved expression for the buckling load. Reference solutions are also obtained by solving numerically the differential stability equations. Both the full set that contains strains and rotations as well as the simplified set that contains rotations only were solved numerically. The relative magnitude of shear strain and rotation was examined and the effect of thickness was quantified. Differences between the benchmark solutions and the analytic expressions based on the refined theory and the classical shell theory are analysed and discussed. It is shown that the new analytic expression provides significantly improved predictions compared to the formula based on thin shell theory.     

Stress and displacement of ring shells under centrifugal force

Using the results of refs. [1] and [2] about the general axial symmetrical problem, this paper calculates the stress and displacement of ring shells under centrifugal force. The solution is given in Fourier series form.In the paper the examples of open ring shells and close ring shells are given respectively.     

Buckling analysis of laminated cylindrical shells by 3-D multilayer hybrid element

A 3-D multilayer hybrid element is developed for the analysis of thick laminated plates and shells. The stresses are assumed independently in each sublayer element and the stress continuity between adjacent sublayers is applied to form the stress pattern of the multilayer element. Both interlaminar stress concentration and global structure response can be adequately predicted by the element model. The buckling analysis of orthotropic cylindrical shells under the external pressure is performed and the results show that the plane strain assumption is not applicable to the buckling of long orthotropic cylindrical shells.     

轴向运动层合圆柱壳体的振动特性

研究了轴向运动层合圆柱壳体的振动特性．基于Donnell壳体理论,建立了轴向运动层合圆柱壳体的横向振动方程,使用Galerkin方法求解该振动方程,得到其固有频率,通过与有限元结果对比说明方法的有效性．分析了轴向速度、纤维方向角、长径比和厚径比对壳体振动特性的影响．研究表明：当纤维方向角为 (15?/-15?)s时,轴向运动柱壳前3阶固有频率达到最大值．     

正交各向异性功能梯度材料开口圆柱壳的自由振动分析

区别于一般圆柱壳,开口圆柱壳沿周向是不封闭的,因此具有四个边界,本文根据轴向梁式振动和轴向曲拱振动特性对各种端部与侧边边界条件下的壳体提出统一的位移振型函数,并根据哈密顿原理建立了材料参数与空间坐标相关的正交各向异性开口圆柱壳的动力变分方程,求出了不同材料属性下开敞圆柱壳固有频率与振型解的一般解析表达式,适用于任意边界条件下不同材料的开敞圆柱壳自由振动分析．     

Vibration of open circular cylindrical shells with intermediate ring supports

This paper is concerned with the free vibration of open circular cylindrical shells with intermediate ring supports. An analytical procedure for determining the free vibration frequencies of such shells is developed based on the Flügge thin shell theory. An open circular cylindrical shell is assumed to be simply supported along the two straight edges and the remaining two opposite curved edges may have any combinations of support conditions. The shell is divided into multiple segments along the locations of the intermediate ring supports. The state-space technique is employed to derive the exact solutions for each shell segment and the domain decomposition method is applied to enforce the geometric and natural boundary/interface conditions along the interfaces of the shell segments and the curved edges of the shell. Comparison studies are carried out to verify the correctness of the proposed method. Exact vibration frequencies are obtained for open circular cylindrical shells with multiple intermediate ring supports.The influence of the number of intermediate ring supports, the locations of the ring supports, the boundary conditions and the variation of the included angle of the shells on the natural frequencies are examined. The exact vibration solutions can be used as important benchmark values for researchers to check their numerical methods and for engineers to design such shell structures.     

On stability of orthotropic cylindrical shells

In contrast to [1–3], the present paper obtains a system of stability equations and the corresponding resolving equation for orthotropic cylindrical shells of any but very short length in the case where the precritical stress state cannot be treated as the zero-moment state. These equations are a generalization of the results obtained in [4]. On the basis of these equations, one can obtain both the well-known formulas [1–3] and, for medium-length shells, some new expressions of the critical load in longitudinal compression and that under the joint action of torsionalmoments, normal pressure, and longitudinal compression. Some estimates are performed and the determination of the domain of application of some formulas given in [2] and in the present paper is attempted. For an orthotropic shell, a relationship between the elastic parameters and the shear modulus is established for axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric buckling mode shapes in longitudinal compression.     

General solution of the equilibrium equations for open circular cylindrical shells reinforced with discrete longitudinal ribs

The exact solution for the inhomogeneous system of equilibrium equations for open circular cylindrical shells reinforced with a quasi-regular system of discrete ribs is obtained. The dependence of stress–strain state of semi-infinite shells on the distance from the loaded edge is analyzed.     

To the solution of the thermoelasticity problem for conical shells

We consider the stress-strain state of thin conical shells in the case of arbitary distribution of the temperature field over the shell. We obtain equations of the general theory based on the classical Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses alone. But since these equations are very complicated, attempts to construct exact solutions by analytic methods encounter considerable or insurmountable difficulties. Therefore, the present paper deals with boundary value problems posed for simplified differential equations. The total stress-strain state is constructed by “gluing” together the solutions of these equations. Such an approach (the asymptotic synthesis method) turns out to be efficient in studying not only shells of positive and zero curvature [1, 2] and cylindrical shells [3] but also conical shells [4, 5]. Here we illustrate it by an example of an arbitrary temperature field, and the problem is reduced to solving differential equations with polynomial coefficients and with right-hand side containing the Heaviside function, the delta function, and their derivatives.