Hopf algebras of primitive Lie pseudogroups and Hopf cyclic cohomology

We associate to each infinite primitive Lie pseudogroup a Hopf algebra of ‘transverse symmetries,’ by refining a procedure due to Connes and the first author in the case of the general pseudogroup. The affiliated Hopf algebra can be viewed as a ‘quantum group’ counterpart of the infinite-dimensional primitive Lie algebra of the pseudogroup. It is first constructed via its action on the étale groupoid associated to the pseudogroup, and then realized as a bicrossed product of a universal enveloping algebra by a Hopf algebra of regular functions on a formal group. The bicrossed product structure allows to express its Hopf cyclic cohomology in terms of a bicocyclic bicomplex analogous to the Chevalley-Eilenberg complex. As an application, we compute the relative Hopf cyclic cohomology modulo the linear isotropy for the Hopf algebra of the general pseudogroup, and find explicit cocycle representatives for the universal Chern classes in Hopf cyclic cohomology. As another application, we determine all Hopf cyclic cohomology groups for the Hopf algebra associated to the pseudogroup of local diffeomorphisms of the line.     

Quasi-Shuffle Products

Given a locally finite graded set A and a commutative, associative operation on A that adds degrees, we construct a commutative multiplication * on the set of noncommutative polynomials in A which we call a quasi-shuffle product; it can be viewed as a generalization of the shuffle product III. We extend this commutative algebra structure to a Hopf algebra (U, *, ); in the case where A is the set of positive integers and the operation on A is addition, this gives the Hopf algebra of quasi-symmetric functions. If rational coefficients are allowed, the quasi-shuffle product is in fact no more general than the shuffle product; we give an isomorphism exp of the shuffle Hopf algebra (U, III, ) onto (U, *, ) the set L of Lyndon words on A and their images { exp(w) w L} freely generate the algebra (U, *). We also consider the graded dual of (U, *, ). We define a deformation *_q of * that coincides with * when q = 1 and is isomorphic to the concatenation product when q is not a root of unity. Finally, we discuss various examples, particularly the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions (dual to the noncommutative symmetric functions) and the algebra of Euler sums.     

Lie Representations and an Algebra Containing Solomon's

We introduce and study a Hopf algebra containing the descent algebra as a sub-Hopf-algebra. It has the main algebraic properties of the descent algebra, and more: it is a sub-Hopf-algebra of the direct sum of the symmetric group algebras; it is closed under the corresponding inner product; it is cocommutative, so it is an enveloping algebra; it contains all Lie idempotents of the symmetric group algebras. Moreover, its primitive elements are exactly the Lie elements which lie in the symmetric group algebras.     

A noncommutative symmetric system over the Grossman-Larson Hopf algebra of labeled rooted trees

In this paper, we construct explicitly a noncommutative symmetric ( CS) system over the Grossman-Larson Hopf algebra of labeled rooted trees. By the universal property of the CS system formed by the generating functions of certain noncommutative symmetric functions, we obtain a specialization of noncommutative symmetric functions by labeled rooted trees. Taking the graded duals, we also get a graded Hopf algebra homomorphism from the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of labeled rooted forests to the Hopf algebra of quasi-symmetric functions. A connection of the coefficients of the third generating function of the constructed CS system with the order polynomials of rooted trees is also given and proved.     

Symmetric Functions, Noncommutative Symmetric Functions, and Quasisymmetric Functions

This paper is concerned with two generalizations of the Hopf algebra of symmetric functions that have more or less recently appeared. The Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions and its dual, the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions. The focus is on the incredibly rich structure of the Hopf algebra of symmetric functions and the question of which structures and properties have good analogues for the noncommutative symmetric functions and/or the quasisymmetric functions. This paper attempts to survey the ongoing investigations in this topic as dictated by the knowledge and interests of its author. There are many open questions that are discussed.     

Free quasi-symmetric functions and descent algebras for wreath products, and noncommutative multi-symmetric functions

We introduce analogs of the Hopf algebra of Free quasi-symmetric functions with bases labeled by colored permutations. When the color set is a semigroup, an internal product can be introduced. This leads to the construction of generalized descent algebras associated with wreath products Γ?S_n and to the corresponding generalizations of quasi-symmetric functions. The associated Hopf algebras appear as natural analogs of McMahon’s multisymmetric functions. As a consequence, we obtain an internal product on ordinary multi-symmetric functions. We extend these constructions to Hopf algebras of colored parking functions, colored non-crossing partitions and parking functions of type B.     

Finite Dimensional Hopf Algebras Over the Dual Group Algebra of the Symmetric Group in Three Letters

We classify finite-dimensional Hopf algebras whose coradical is isomorphic to the algebra of functions on 𝕊₃. We describe a new infinite family of Hopf algebras of dimension 72.     

Cocommutative Hopf Algebras of Permutations and Trees

Consider the coradical filtrations of the Hopf algebras of planar binary trees of Loday and Ronco and of permutations of Malvenuto and Reutenauer. We give explicit isomorphisms showing that the associated graded Hopf algebras are dual to the cocommutative Hopf algebras introduced in the late 1980's by Grossman and Larson. These Hopf algebras are constructed from ordered trees and heap-ordered trees, respectively. These results follow from the fact that whenever one starts from a Hopf algebra that is a cofree graded coalgebra, the associated graded Hopf algebra is a shuffle Hopf algebra. Aguiar supported in part by NSF grant DMS-0302423. Sottile supported in part by NSF CAREER grant DMS-0134860, the Clay Mathematics Institute, and MSRI.     

The Hopf algebra of diagonal rectangulations

We define and study a combinatorial Hopf algebra dRec with basis elements indexed by diagonal rectangulations of a square. This Hopf algebra provides an intrinsic combinatorial realization of the Hopf algebra tBax of twisted Baxter permutations, which previously had only been described extrinsically as a Hopf subalgebra of the Malvenuto-Reutenauer Hopf algebra of permutations. We describe the natural lattice structure on diagonal rectangulations, analogous to the Tamari lattice on triangulations, and observe that diagonal rectangulations index the vertices of a polytope analogous to the associahedron. We give an explicit bijection between twisted Baxter permutations and the better-known Baxter permutations, and describe the resulting Hopf algebra structure on Baxter permutations.     

A proof that commutative artinian rings are noetherian

Abstract

Integrals in Hopf algebras are an essential tool in studying finite dimensional Hopf algebras and their action on rings. Over fields it has been shown by Sweedler that the existence of integrals in a Hopf algebra is equivalent to the Hopf algebra being finite dimensional. In this paper we examine how much of this is true Hopf algebras over rings. We show that over any commutative ring R that is not a field there exists a Hopf algebra H over R containing a non-zero integral but not being finitely generated as R-module. On the contrary we show that Sweedler's equivalence is still valid for free Hopf algebras or projective Hopf algebras over integral domains. Analogously for a left H-module algebra A we study the influence of non-zero left A#H-linear maps from A to A#H on H being finitely generated as R-module. Examples and application to separability are given.     

A Characterization of Quasitriangular Hopf Algebras

In this paper,we show that if H is a finite dimensional Hopf algebra then H is quasitri-angular if and only if H is coquasi-triangular. As a consequentility ,we obtain a generalized result of Sauchenburg.     

On automorphisms of biproducts

We study certain subgroups of the full group of Hopf algebra automorphisms of a biproduct. In the process, interesting subgroups of certain permutation groups come into play.     

On the exponent of finite-dimensional non-cosemisimple Hopf algebras

In 1999, Kashina introduced the exponent of a Hopf algebra. In this article, we prove that the exponent of a finite-dimensional non-cosemisimple Hopf algebra with Chevalley property in characteristic 0 is infinite, and the exponent of a finite-dimensional non-cosemisimple pointed Hopf algebra in positive characteristic is finite.     

A Lie–Rinehart Algebra with No Antipode

The aim of this note is to communicate a simple example of a Lie–Rinehart algebra whose enveloping algebra is not a Hopf algebroid, neither in the sense of Böhm and Szlachányi, nor in the sense of Lu.     

关于扭Hopf代数的一些注记

In this paper,we get some properties of the antipode of a twisted Hopf algebra.We proved that the graded global dimension of a twisted Hopf algebra coincides with the graded projective dimension of its trivial module k,which is also equal to the projective dimension of k.     

Hopf Algebras on Schurian Quivers

Let H be a Hopf algebra with a finite-dimensional, nontrivial space of skew primitive elements, over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We prove that H contains either the polynomial algebra as a Hopf subalgebra, or a certain Schurian simple-pointed Hopf subalgebra. As a consequence, a complete list of the locally finite, simple-pointed Hopf algebras is obtained. Also, the graded automorphism group of a Hopf algebra on a Schurian Hopf quiver is determined, and the relation between this group and the automorphism groups of the corresponding Hopf quiver, is clarified.     

相应于一类对称自对偶李代数的顶点代数结构

设gsp是给定的对称自对偶李代数,给出了相应于gsp的一个顶点代数结构.     

Automorphism groups of pointed Hopf algebras

The group of Hopf algebra automorphisms for a finite-dimensional semisimple cosemisimple Hopf algebra over a field k was considered by Radford and Waterhouse. In this paper, the groups of Hopf algebra automorphisms for two classes of pointed Hopf algebras are determined. Note that the Hopf algebras we consider are not semisimple Hopf algebras.      

Hopf代数的结构定理和对映阶数

本文中，我们把Ｈｏｐｆ代数的结构定理推广到Ｈｏｐｆ代数意义下的同构，从而给出Ｈｏｐｆ代数既约分支的对映阶数，并得到Ｈｏｐｆ代数扩张的对映阶数是任意的．这部分回答了Ｅ．Ｊ．Ｔａｆｔ１９９４年提出的一个问题．