用IR和负离子FAB—MS测定EDTA,DTPA及其碱金属盐类结构

用ＩＲ和负离子ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ测定不同ｐＨ值下ＥＤＴＡ，ＤＴＰＡ，及其碱金属盐类，能直接给出它们的结构及其分子量，对于其碱金属盐类的混合物，不经分离，可以直接测定，能同时得到混合物中各组分的相对分子质量。     

自由基聚合反应物相对分子质量分布的计算

结合隐函数和ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法，给出了自由基聚会反应物相对分子质量分布函数的可计算解的形式。分析积分函数的性质，确定了有效积分区间，提高了计算速度，给出苯乙烯本体聚合反应物相对分子质量分布的理论计算结果，与实验结论一致。     

基体溶液pH值对基体辅助激光解吸电离质谱法测定结果的影响

研究了基体溶液的ｐＨ值对基体辅助激光解吸电离（ＭＡＬＤＩ）的影响，测定了从强酸至强碱不同ｐＨ值的α－氰基，４－羟基肉桂酸水溶液的紫外吸收谱，并分别用作基体测定细胞色素Ｃ的相对分子质量。结果显示除按常规配制的基体溶液（ｐＨ＝２．５）在激光波长３５５ｎｍ处有强紫外吸收外，其他ｐＨ＝１．０、ｐＨ＝８．０、ｐＨ＝１０．０的溶液皆没有吸收，而相对分子质量测量结果是ｐＨ＝１．０和ｐＨ＝２．５两种溶液可得到质量     

基团转移嵌段共聚研究

本文采用双官能团引发剂和负离子型催化剂进行了甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸Ｃ７～９酯的基团转移嵌段共聚．讨论了温度、单体投料方式、引发剂－催化剂浓度比及单体浓度对聚合反应的影响，认为当两段反应温度分别为８５℃和２５℃时，引发剂浓度［Ｉ］＝１．３５×１０－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，催化剂引发剂浓度比［Ｃａｔ］／［Ｉ］＝０．１２６，以活性较低的Ｃ７～９ＭＡ为第一嵌段单体，有利于Ｃ７～９ＭＡ和ＭＭＡ的嵌段共聚．测定了嵌段共聚物的热形变温度；用ＧＰＣ对嵌段共聚物的相对分子质量及分布进行了表征，结合ＩＲ、１ＨＮＭＲ和热形变温度分析，证明所得到的为ＰＭＭＡ－ＰＣ７～９ＭＡ－ＰＭＭＡ均相三嵌段共聚物．     

基体溶液pH值对基体辅助激光解吸电离质谱法测量结果的影响

研究了基体溶液的ｐＨ值对基体辅助激光解吸电离（ＭＡＬＤＩ）的影响，分别测定了从强酸至强碱不同ｐＨ值的α－氰基，４－羟基肉桂酸水溶液的紫外吸收谱，并分别用作基体测定细胞色素Ｃ的相对分子质量。结果显示除按常规配制的基体溶液（ｐＨ＝２５）在激光波长３５５ｎｍ处有强紫外吸收外，其他ｐＨ＝１０、ｐＨ＝８０、ｐＨ＝１００的溶液皆没有吸收，而相对分子质量测定结果是ｐＨ＝１０和ｐＨ＝２５两种溶液可得到质量良好的谱图。而ｐＨ＝８０和１００的两种溶液则得不到谱图，作者还以溶液化学规律，及基体辅助激光解吸电离的机理，对结果进行了讨论。     

聚丙烯酰胺超高相对分子质量测量不确定度评定

根据SY/T 5862–2008聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量测量方法,测量了超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺的相对分子质量。经过对聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量测量过程引入的不确定度进行分析和评定,不确定度的来源主要是试样目标液配制过程中引入的不确定度,其次是相对分子质量测量重复性、试样固含量的测定以及温度所引入的不确定度。聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量测定结果为(2500.6±32.6)×104,k=2。     

植物油的质谱分析：1.蓖麻油

运用一种植物油的系统分析方法测定蓖麻油的精细组分，这包括皂化，ＢＦ３－ＭｅＯＨ甲基化，ＧＣ－ＣＩＭＳ法测定脂肪酸碳链长度和不饱和度，ＡＭＰ衍生化，ＧＣ－ＥＩＭＳ测定不饱和脂肪酸的双链位置，分析了蓖麻油的十一种脂肪酸组分，有五个为未知组分，并测定了其中三个组分的双链位置。     

芳香硝基化合物的能量分辨质谱

本文报道用ＭＳ／ＭＳ技术的一种重要实验方法——能量分辨质谱（ＥＲＭＳ）来鉴别质谱分析中的同分异构体化合物。系统探讨了同分异构的硝基芳香化合物２，３－ＤＮＴ和３，５－ＤＮＴ（相对分子质量为１８２）在电子轰击（ＥＩ）方式下，裂分途径与其分子内能的相互关系以及离子的结构和裂分途径相对于碰撞能量（ＣＥ）的依赖关系（裂分曲线）。结果表明，利用同分异构化合物在能量分辨中的显著差异可以辨别它们的结构     

食品中胆固醇色谱／质谱／质谱的测定

确立了用色谱／质谱／质谱测定食品中胆固醇的一种新方法，试样经乙酸乙酯提取后，ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＭＳ测定分析，以胆固醇分子离子为母离了，以其子离子为定量分析的碎片离子。线性好，回收率高，方法可靠。     

黏度法测定部分水解聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量教学实验的改进

黏度法是测定部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）相对分子质量的最常用方法。针对当前实验教学中没有考虑HPAM水解度的差异所带来的相对分子质量测定偏差,建议通过酸碱滴定的方法测定试样的水解度,并以水解度作为选择相对分子质量计算参数的依据,从而得到正确的HPAM相对分子质量。     

Determination of the molecular weight spread of narrow peaks in the gel-permeation chromatograms of nitric acid-degraded polyethylene

A method for the determination of the molecular weight spread in the narrow peaks in the GPC chromatograms of nitric acid-degraded polyethylene is presented. It is found that polar endgroups added to the polymer chains during scission cause the peaks to be broader than those of paraffins with the same molecular weight spread. After allowing for this extra instrumental broadening, estimates are made of the molecular weight spread for unannealed and annealed single crystals of polyethylene and bulk polyethylene as a function of degradation time. It is proposed that after long degradation times the molecular weight spread is a measure of fluctuations in the original crystalline lamellar thickness.     

从特性粘数和GPC图谱获得数均分子量的新方法

本文提出了从未知K和a的样品的特性粘数和GPC图谱计算数均分子量的新方法。该法对窄分布或宽分布的样品都适用,并用不同分子量和分子量分布的样品进行了验证,和已知K和a的计算值进行比较,得到非常满意的结果。该法是计算M_n的近似解法,但计算简便。     

Calibration of gel permeation chromatography system for polycarbonate

A combination of the universal calibration method, with direct calibration with several oligomers of known molecular weight, gave excellent results in the determination of the average molecular weights and molecular weight distribution for bisphenol A type polycarbonate.     

Development and qualification of a size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle light scattering method for molecular weight determination of unfractionated heparin

The molecular weight of unfractionated heparin was determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with multiangle light scattering (MALS) detection. The SEC/MALS method determines absolute molecular weight directly from the angular dependence of scattered light intensity as a function of concentration and does not rely on molecular weight standards for column calibration. The SEC/MALS method developed at Scientific Protein Laboratories was qualified in terms of specificity, precision, robustness, and accuracy. By eliminating the requirement of well-characterized molecular weight standards derived from heparin, the present procedure represents a clear improvement over the column calibration methods used in molecular weight determination. The SEC/MALS method is suitable for routine quality control of unfractionated heparin.     

Specific high performance liquid chromatographic determination of the molecular weight and concentration of hyaluronic acid in complex mixtures by labelled hyaluronate binding proteins.

A simple High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the specific determination of the molecular weight and concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) in complex mixtures has been developed. Hyaluronate-binding proteins isolated from bovine cartilage labelled by 125I or fluoresceinisothiocyanate were used as specific markers. The specific binding affinities of the markers were compared and were found to have association constants of 1.6 x 10(7) M-1 and 1.2 x 10(7) M-1 respectively. The HA levels and molecular weight distributions can be easily determined in the range 10-500 ng/mL in complex mixtures by the use of markers, molecular sieving HPLC columns and appropriate detectors. It has been demonstrated clearly that the method is useful for the highly specific determination of the parameters in complex biological samples such as serum and synovial fluids and is recommended for clinical applications.     

Determination of the average molecular weight of petroleum cuts by vapor pressure depression

The authors have constructed a static apparatus for the determination of the average molecular weight of petroleum cuts, by the vapor pressure depression method, also called tonometry. The solvent vapor pressure decrease, which appears when a compound is added in small quantities, is approximately proportional to the solute mole fraction. The average molecular weight of real petroleum cuts is given with a relative error of less than 2%. This error mainly results from the estimation method of the activity coefficients in the solution corresponding to the pseudobinary system “petroleum cut + solvent”.     

超高效凝胶色谱法测定聚乙二醇衍生物的分子量及其分布

采用超高效聚合物色谱(APC)技术,以单甲氧基聚乙二醇丙醛(m PEG_p ALD)为代表,测定了聚乙二醇衍生物的相对分子质量及其分布和杂质含量,优选了色谱柱和流动相,考察了样品质量浓度变化以及溶解时间等对测定结果的影响。优化后3根超高效凝胶色谱柱串联,在柱温40℃,流动相95%甲醇,流速0.5m L/min,示差折光检测条件下,对m PEG_p ALD的分子量及其分布进行测定,同时得到杂质的相对含量。结果测得m PEG_p ALD主成分的重均分子量(Mw)为19 444,分布指数(D)为1.01;杂质1的Mw为38 703,D为1.01,含量为1.31%;杂质2的Mw为61 036,D为1.00,含量为0.70%。与常规凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)相比,该方法分辨率高,分析速度快,能快速测定m PEG_p ALD的相对分子量及其分布,并能得到其纯度和杂质含量,为其工艺研发、质量控制提供了科学的依据,同时也可用于其它PEG衍生物的相对分子量及其分布和纯度的测定。     

Characterization of natural rubber concerning its components and molecular weight in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (TKS) has abundant natural rubber in its root and the molecular weight of its natural rubber is higher than that in Hevea brasiliensis. Thus, TKS is an excellent alternative for the commercial production of natural rubber. The content and molecular weight of natural rubber are two qualitative indicators. Efficient determination for both indicators is still a challenge. In this study, we developed a method to simultaneously determine the content and molecular weight of natural rubber in TKS with pyrolysis－gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The content of natural rubber was quantified by internal standard method. We optimized the pyrolysis temperature and chromatographic method during content determination. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.47 and 1.56 μg, respectively. In addition, the arachidonic acid methyl ester, an unsaturated fatty acid proposed from the α-end group of natural rubber, was quantified to obtain the number of natural rubber polymers. Based on the content and the polymer number, we also quantified the molecular weight of natural rubber. Thus, the content and molecular weight of natural rubber were simultaneously determined in TKS. Our study provides a new perspective for the high throughput analysis of natural rubber.     

A coordinated approach towards the molecular weight determination of peptides by gel electrophoresis and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry

The molecular weight of peptides can be determined by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Initial results combining the fast and efficient separation of peptides by PAGE and the unambiguous determination of molecular weights by FAB-MS have been demonstrated for the three peptides bradykinin, neurotensin and gramicidin S. This method has also been applied to the determination of the molecular weights of two fragments from the tryptic digest of horse-heart cytochrome c.     

1H-NMR测定聚醚多元醇分子量——聚乙二醇分子量测

聚醚是聚氨酯泡沫塑料和聚氨酯橡胶的原料,聚醚分子量的大小和分布对产品性能有着密切的关系,人们在测量聚合物分子量方面已采用了很多方法,如光散射、膜渗透、VPO、GPC及端基化学法等,但这些方法所需时间较长。六十年代国外有人用~1H-NMR法测定聚合物分子量,已有不少文献报道。我们用~1H-NMR法研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)、