C自掺杂TiO2纳米棒的制备与光催化性能研究

本文以TiC为前驱体和掺杂源,采用一步水热法合成了具有可见光吸收的C自掺杂金红石相TiO2纳米棒．样品的结构、形貌、化学态和光学性质等可通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）以及紫外可见分光光度计（UV-vis）来表征．所合成的样品具有较强的光催化活性,可通过在可见光照射下降解有机染料罗丹明B（RhB）来验证．C自掺杂TiO2所呈现的较强光催化活性是由于其具有小的能带间隙（2.74 eV）、大的比表面积和高的电子-空穴对分离率．     

C自掺杂TiO2纳米棒的制备与光催化性能研究

本文以TiC为前驱体和掺杂源,采用一步水热法合成了具有可见光吸收的C自掺杂金红石相TiO_2纳米棒.样品的结构、形貌、化学态和光学性质等可通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)以及紫外可见分光光度计(UV-vis)来表征.所合成的样品具有较强的光催化活性,可通过在可见光照射下降解有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)来验证.C自掺杂TiO_2所呈现的较强光催化活性是由于其具有小的能带间隙(2.74 eV)、大的比表面积和高的电子-空穴对分离率.     

氮自掺杂Ta_2O_5微球制备及其光催化性能研究

我们采用水热法合成了具有可见光吸收的非金属自掺杂N-Ta_2O_5多孔微球光催化剂.并通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-vis)等多种表征手段对自掺杂N-Ta_2O_5的晶体结构、形貌、组分等进行了测试分析.XRD结果表明,Ta N可以在HF溶液中完全氧化为Ta_2O_5,N掺杂可以通过N与O原子的轨道杂化使Ta_2O_5的带隙从4.0 eV降低为2.2 eV,从而增强其可见光吸收.高催化活性的N-Ta_2O_5可通过调控其结晶度来实现.     

可见光响应SO2－4／Ce-TiO2的光谱特征及催化性能

采用溶胶‐凝胶法制备了Ce掺杂 T iO2,经 H2 SO4处理得到酸化Ce掺杂 T iO2。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、吡啶吸附红外光谱（Py‐FTIR）、紫外‐可见光漫反射光谱（UV‐Vis）及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）技术对样品的性质进行了表征,以罗丹明B（RhB）在样品上的可见光催化降解为模型反应,评价了所制备样品的光催化性能。XRD测试结果表明,铈掺杂使 TiO2产生晶格缺陷、粒径减小,有利于光生电荷的转移,继而提高催化剂的活性;FTIR谱图说明SO2－4以桥式双齿配位吸附形式存在;Py‐FTIR谱图显示,酸化铈掺杂TiO2样品表面同时存在Br?nsted和Lewis酸位,但以Lewis酸为主。Lewis酸中心的缺电子性质有利于样品表面的光生电子与光生空穴分离,从而改善催化剂的活性;UV‐Vis结果表明,Ce掺杂减小了TiO2的带隙能,引入的杂能级能够捕获导带上的光生电子和价带上的光生空穴,降低光生电子‐空穴对的复合几率;同时还可以使能量较小的光子激发杂能级上捕获的电子,拓宽光响应范围;XPS分析表明SO2－4／Ce‐TiO2样品上同时存在Ce3＋／Ce4＋的混合价态,Ce3＋／Ce4＋氧化‐还原转换有助于TiO2受光激发后产生的光生电子和空穴的分离,从而提高光量子效率。酸化Ce掺杂TiO2对RhB的可见光催化降解反应有很好的活性,实验结果证明,H2 SO4酸化和Ce掺杂的协同作用改善了样品的可见光响应,促进了其可见光催化反应活性。     

离子液体辅助N,S,F共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备与表征

以TiCl4、硫脲和离子液体([C6mim]+[BF4]-)为原料,采用微波催化水解法合成掺杂的纳米TiO2前驱体,在NH3/N2气氛中经程序升温煅烧处理制得N,S,F共掺杂TiO2光催化剂(N—S—F—TiO2)。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis/DRS)等对该光催化剂的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明,该光催化剂为锐钛矿晶型,具有较高的纯度和结晶度,掺杂在TiO2晶体中形成Ti—O—N键,Ti—O—S键,Ti—S键,而F以TiOF2形态掺杂。在可见光区400～550nm具有强吸收,且在600～800nm出现一个较强的吸收带。实验表明,使用[C6mim]+[BF4]-与H2O的体积比为5/95所制得的光催化剂对甲基橙降解的催化活性最高,可见光照射200min降解率达95%。多掺杂的协同效应使得N—S—F—TiO2具有对可见光的强烈吸收和较高的可见光催化活性。     

钴前驱体对掺杂TiO2微结构和可见光催化性能的影响

为发展可见光下破坏污染物的钴掺杂TiO2光催化剂,以CoCl2、Co(NO3)2和CoSO4为钴前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钴掺杂TiO2,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、BET表面积测试和紫外-可见吸收光谱对比研究了钴前驱体对样品的微观结构和吸光性能的影响．同时,以苯胺为降解目标物,比较了样品在可见光下的催化活性．结果表明,样品的TiO2晶相、形貌、比表面积和吸光性能都随着钴前驱体的不同而不同,其中以Co(NO3)2为前驱体制备得到的样品其光催化活性最高,特别是1％掺杂且400℃烧结得到的样品,并简要讨论了其可能原因．     

上海光源先进成像技术及应用

<正>由于X射线波长比可见光短得多,用它来进行成像时,在理论上分辨率要比可见光高2~4个量级。而且X射线的穿透性较强,可对厚样品的内部结构进行无损检测,这是其他各种显微术所不具备的。自从伦琴1895年发现X射线以来,传统的X射线成像技术已有上百年的历史,已成为医学、生物学     

Ag反点阵列修饰TiO2薄膜的制备及光催化性能研究

采用胶体晶体模板技术和磁控溅射工艺,通过调制溅射功率,制备了一系列不同形貌的Ag反点阵列修饰TiO2复合薄膜．通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射（XRD）,紫外一可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）和四探针测试仪等手段对样品的结构和光催化性能进行了表征．实验结果表明：Ag反点阵列的形貌对样品光催化性能有显著影响．随着反点孔径的减小,其导电性能迅速提升,样品的光催化性能逐渐增强．孔径为710nm时,复合薄膜的光催化性能达到最高．随后,继续减小孔径,样品的光催化性能出现了一定程度的下降,这是载流子损耗增多和遮光面积增大引起的．经Ag反点阵列修饰的样品的光催化性能均明显优于TiO2薄膜,主要是由于反点阵列可有效分离光生载流子,因此使其光催化活性得到显著提高．     

TiO_2/Sm~(3+)下转换薄膜的制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/Sm3+下转换薄膜,利用其下转换特性将紫外光转换为可见光,提高了可见光光照强度。利用X射线衍射和荧光光谱对TiO2/Sm3+粉体进行了表征,并对TiO2/Sm3+下转换薄膜进行了荧光光谱测试和紫外-可见分光光度计测试。荧光光谱显示,TiO2/Sm3+薄膜在受到395 nm紫外光照射时可发射出540~600 nm连续波长的可见光,具有下转换特性。二层TiO2/Sm3+下转换薄膜的可见光透过率与单纯的TiO2薄膜基本相同,利用其下转换特性使电池短路电流提高了13.2%,光电转换率提高了16.2%。     

自组装硫化铜微米管的制备及可见光催化性能

以二水合氯化铜为铜源,硫代乙酰胺为硫源,通过共沉淀法成功合成了自组装CuS微米管,该合成方法简单、反应条件温和,是合成纳米材料的一种有效方法。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）考察反应时间对产物形貌的影响,并初步研究其形成过程。X射线衍射（XRD）表征产物是CuS。通过改变光催化实验的条件,如催化剂的量、溶液pH值、活性橙的浓度,研究了样品在可见光下对活性橙的光催化性能。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped ZnO nanorods

Cu-doped ZnO nanorods with different Cu concentrations were synthesized through the vapor transport method. The synthesized nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV–vis spectroscopy. The XRD results revealed that Cu was successfully doped into ZnO lattice. The FE-SEM images showed that the undoped ZnO has needle like morphology whereas Cu-doped ZnO samples have rod like morphology with an average diameter and length of 60–90 nm and 1.5–3 μm respectively. The red shift in band edge absorption peak in UV-vis absorbance spectrum with increasing Cu content also confirm the doping of Cu in ZnO nanorods. The photocatalytic activity of pure and Cu-doped ZnO samples was studied by the photodegradation of resazurin (Rz) dye. Both pure ZnO and the Cu-doped ZnO nanorods effectively removed the Rz in a short time. This photodegradation of Rz followed the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. ZnO nanorods with increasing Cu doping exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity. The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant for 15 % Cu-doped ZnO is equal to 10.17×10^?2min^?1 about double of that with pure ZnO. The increased photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped ZnO is attributed to intrinsic oxygen vacancies due to high surface to volume ratio in nanorods and extrinsic defect due to Cu doping.     

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen and tungsten codoped TiO2 nanorods with high visible light photocatalytic activity

N,W codoped TiO 2 $\mathrm{TiO}_{2}$ nanorods were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method using ammonium metatungstate as the nitrogen and tungstate sources. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the N,W codoped TiO 2 $\mathrm{TiO}_{2}$ nanorods exhibited a higher photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation compared with P25 and undoped TiO 2 $\mathrm{TiO}_{2}$ , because the codoping of N and W ions not only extended the visible light absorption but also promoted the separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes.     

Pr掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及其对酸性品红降解反应的催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前躯物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂不同含量Pr的TiO2光催化剂,利用XRD,TG-DTA,AFM,UV-Vis,FTIR等手段对催化剂进行了表征。并通过酸性品红光催化降解实验对其光催化性能进行了评价,考查了实验条件,如催化剂用量,烧结温度,掺杂量等对催化剂催化活性的影响。Pr2O3的掺杂阻碍了TiO2晶相由锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变,使TiO2的粒径减小,比表面积增大,催化活性增强。当Pr掺杂量为0.8%,催化剂用量为0.03g,烧结温度为500℃时,酸性品红的降解率达到97%以上,酸性品红的降解反应为准一级反应。     

Visible-light-driven titania photocatalyst co-doped with nitrogen and ferrum

Nitrogen and ferrum co-doped titania photocatalyst was prepared by the sol-gel route. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized by various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm. The photocatalytic activity of the co-doped titania photocatalyst was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution under visible light irradiation and was compared with that of the commercial TiO₂ photocatalyst (Degussa P25). The results revealed that the nitrogen doping could lead to the response to visible light and that the ferrum doping could improve the photocatalytic performance. The effects of the component and the annealing temperature of the co-doped titania photocatalyst on the photocatalytic activity were investigated.     

TiO2光催化剂的光谱研究

采用sol-gel法制备了纳米TiO2光催化剂,运用FTIR,FT－Ranam,DSR等光谱技术对催化剂进行了表征,以光催化解油酸作为模型反应考察光催化活性。实验结果表明,催化剂的烧结温度对催化剂的晶相结构、半导体能带结构、光吸收性能及光催化活性均产生显著的影响,当烧结温度为400℃时,TiO2光催化剂具有最好的表观吸光度,最大的吸收带边,以及最佳的光催化活性。     

Synthesis, characterization and degradation of Bisphenol A using Pr, N co-doped TiO2 with highly visible light activity

Praseodymium and nitrogen co-doped titania (Pr/N-TiO₂) photocatalysts, which could degrade Bisphenol A (BPA) under visible light irradiation, were prepared by the modified sol-gel process. Tetrabutyl titanate, urea and praseodymium nitrate were used as the sources of titanium, nitrogen and praseodymium, respectively. The resulting materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). It was found that Pr doping inhibited the growth of crystalline size and the transformation from anatase to rutile. The degradation of BPA under visible light illumination was taken as probe reaction to evaluate the photo-activity of the co-doped photocatalyst. In our experiments, the optimal dopant amount of Pr was 1.2 mol% and the calcination temperature was 500 °C for the best photocatalytic activity. Pr/N-TiO₂ samples exhibited enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity compared to N-TiO₂, undoped TiO₂ and commercial P25. The nitrogen atoms were incorporated into the crystal of titania and could narrow the band gap energy. Pr doping could slow the radiative recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes in TiO₂. The improvement of photocatalytic activity was ascribed to the synergistic effects of nitrogen and Pr co-doping.