微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定拟黑多刺蚁中11种微量元素

为准确定量拟黑多刺蚁体内的微量元素,采用微波消解法,以HNO_(3)-H_(2)O_(2)混合酸为消解体系对样品进行前处理,选择合适的同位素,以^(103)Rh为内标测定^(52)Cr、^(55)Mn、^(60)Ni、^(63)Cu、^(66)Zn、^(75)As、^(78)Se、^(88)Sr和^(114)Cd,以^(185)Re为内标测定^(202)Hg和^(208)Pb,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定拟黑多刺蚁中11种微量元素的方法。实验发现,以HNO_(3)-H_(2)O_(2)为消解体系,样品消解完全;采用KED模式消除质谱干扰,以内标法校正基体效应;通过绘制校准曲线及测定流程空白,各元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.0005~0.011 mg/kg,方法定量限为0.0016~0.033 mg/kg。对拟黑多刺蚁实际样品进行测定,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)在1.2%~5.5%,加标回收率为91.2%~107%;经过实验室间比对实验,相对偏差为-3.15%~2.74%;测定六个不同产地的拟黑多刺蚁样品,结果显示不同产地样品除Cd外,其他10种微量元素的含量均存在较大差异。测定结果稳定可靠,能满足拟黑多刺蚁中11种微量金属元素含量的分析检测要求。     

微波消解–ICP–AES法测定罗布麻叶中16种微量元素

建立微波消解–ICP–AES法测定罗布麻叶中Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Al,P,Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ti,Se,Ba,Pb,Sr,Cd 16种微量元素含量的方法。以HNO_3–H_2O_2–HF溶液(6∶4∶1)为消解体系,样品经微波消解后,用ICP–AES法对罗布麻叶中16种元素含量进行测定。各元素的质量浓度在0.01~1.00 mg/L范围内与光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r>0.999,检出限在0.000 5~0.008 0 mg/kg之间。加标回收率为87.56%~101.47%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2%~3.42%(n=6)。该方法操作简单,准确度好,灵敏度高,可用于罗布麻叶中微量元素分析。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定纺织品中总硼

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定纺织品中总硼的分析方法。纺织样品经HNO_3-H_2O_2微波消解,以钇元素作为内标元素,以249.772nm波长作为硼的分析线,采用ICP-OES法进行测定。实验结果表明,硼的质量浓度在0.01~0.20mg/L范围内与发射强度比值呈线性关系,方法的定量限为0.8mg/kg,在0.8、1.6、8.0mg/kg添加水平下的回收率为80.4%~104.7%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~9.8%。该方法灵敏度高,定量准确可靠,能够满足纺织品中总硼含量的检测要求。     

微波消解原子吸收光谱法测定鱼肉中14种金属元素

以微波消解法处理鱼肉样品,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定鲶鱼、胖头鱼、小黄花鱼、鲫鱼4种鱼肉中的钾、钠、镁、钙、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、锰、锶、铬、镉和铅元素含量。鱼肉样品以5 mL HNO_3和1 mL H_2O_2在一定的温度和时间下经微波消解处理后,在最佳工作条件下测定以上14种金属元素含量,各元素的加标回收率在95.4%~104.6%之间,检出限为0.001 1~0.012 9μg/mL,标准工作曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999,该方法测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.71%~4.28%(n=10)。该方法适用于鱼肉中钾、钠、镁、钙、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、锰、锶、铬、镉和铅14种金属元素的含量测定。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定化妆品中的汞、铅、砷、锑

采用HNO_3-H_2O_2微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定化妆品中的汞、铅、砷、锑.实验中探讨了最佳的消解程序,选择适当的同位素,并用铋、铟、锗做内标元素,有效地抑制了分析信号的漂移.结果表明,各元素的检出限在0.089～0.37μg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.709%～2.10%,回收率为80.10%～102.67%.该方法具有简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高的优点,适用于化妆品中的汞、铅、砷、锑元素的同时测定.     

微波消解–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中的重金属

建立微波消解–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr含量的方法。以HNO_3–HF–H_2O_2为消解体系,土壤和沉积物样品经微波消解后用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定。测定Cu,Pb,Zn时的助燃比为4∶1,测定Cr时的助燃比为4∶1.5,测定Ni时的助燃比为5∶1;Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr的检测波长分别为324.7,213.9,217.0,232.0,357.9 nm。各元素质量浓度在0～1.2mg/L范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.22～0.88 mg/kg。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.0%～4.1%(n=6),加标回收率为95.0%～99.0%。该方法操作简便、快速,适用于土壤和沉积物样品中重金属的分析检验。     

微波消解–分光光度法测定陶瓷原料中二氧化钛

采用微波消解–二安替比林甲烷分光光度法测定陶瓷原料中二氧化钛的含量。探讨了样品消解用酸的种类、检测波长、显色时间和显色剂用量对测定结果的影响。试验结果表明,以HNO_3–HF–H_2O_2溶解样品,395 nm为检测波长,显色20 min,显色液用量为12 m L时测试结果满意。测定钛的线性范围为0~2.0μg/m L,线性相关系数r~2=0.999 5,方法检出限为0.56μg/g。用该法对4种标准物质进行分析验证,测定结果与推荐值相符,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.64%~2.28%(n=6),加标回收率为95.3%~104%。用该方法和国标方法对乐山和眉山地区陶瓷原料样品进行分析比对,经t检验证明,两种方法测定结果无显著性差异。该方法快速、准确,适合陶瓷原料中二氧化钛的检测。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定植物染发剂中的铅镉铜

建立了微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定植物染发剂中重金属铅、镉和铜的方法.采用L9(34)正交设计讨论了固液比、消解剂体积比、消解时间和消解压力对样品消解效果的影响,最佳的消解条件:固液比(g/mL)为1∶12,HNO3/H2O2(V/V)为4∶1,消解时间为5min,消解压力1.5MPa.在最佳微波消解条件下,进行了精密度实验、回收率实验,相对标准偏差为1.05%~3.35%,回收率为96.67%~105.43%.微波消解法处理植物染发剂样品,试剂用量少、消解完全、快速、简便,而且测定结果的精密度、准确度较好.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定载钯树脂中钯的前处理方法考察

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定载钯树脂中的钯,对比了灰化法、硝酸-高氯酸法和微波消解法3种前处理方法,考察了称样量、消解加酸量、处理时间和灰化温度等对测定的影响,优化了最佳试验条件,讨论了共存离子的干扰.结果表明,钯质量浓度在0~50 mg/L范围内与强度线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.999 5,灰化法、硝酸-高氯酸法和微波消解法3种方法的检出限分别为0.002 8、0.005 4、0.002 3 mg/L,相对标准偏差(n=11)分别0.69%、0.63%、0.42%,加标回收率分别为98%~100%、98%~101%、100%~104%.采用3种方法对实际样品进行测定,发现微波消解法处理时间最短,样品处理最完全,检测值最平行.用试验方法与原子吸收光谱法测定同一个载钯树脂,两者测定结果基本相符.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中痕量铊的方法研究

采用电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)测定土壤中的痕量铊,并对前处理方法进行研究,建立了一种使用HNO_3-H_2O_2-HF酸消解体系测量土壤中痕量铊的方法。该方法在0.00~5.00μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 8,方法检出限为0.1 ng/kg,对4份铊土壤标准样品测定的结果均在保证值范围内,RSD为1.8%~6.6%,2份土壤实际样品的加标回收率为95.4%~102.4%。     

Determination of thirteen common elements in food samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry: comparison of five digestion methods

Five sample digestion procedures were evaluated for the determination of Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn in food samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The 5 procedures include dry ashing at 500 degrees C, wet digestion with HNO3-HClO4, microwave digestion with HNO3, microwave digestion with HNO3-H2O2, and microwave digestion with HNO3-H2O2-HF. For microwave digestion with HNO3-H2O2-HF, silicon (IV) oxide was used to eliminate the excess HF, making it possible to determine total Al, B, and other common elements accurately and simultaneously. Seven National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference materials (SRMs) were analyzed to compare the recovery of 13 elements with above digestion procedures. The results demonstrated that the microwave digestion procedure with HNO3-H2O2-HF yielded the best recoveries for all 13 elements in the selected SRMs. The determined concentrations of most elements were close for all 3 microwave digestion procedures with the exception of Al in oyster tissue, bovine liver, and spinach. Notably, the wet digestion with HNO3-HClO4 is the simplest and the most effective procedure for the selected elements except Al and B. Although there are several concerns with the dry ashing procedure, it might be a preferable procedure for those analyses where only nonvolatile elements are to be determined and the concentrations of the elements are low.     

微波消解-FAAS法测定大别山区三种中药中的微量元素

采用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)法对大别山区3种中药(何首乌、黄精和拐枣)中的微量元素进行测定。用微波消解仪处理样品,对消解条件及消解程序进行优化,在最佳微波消解条件下,结合FAAS法测定上述3种中药中Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn 6种元素的含量。结果表明,微波消解的最佳条件为:何首乌和拐枣采用HNO3-H2O2混酸体系,配比分别为5∶2和5∶3,固液比1∶20,最高功率(700W)时的保温时间分别为8min和6 min;黄精采用HNO3-HCl,混酸体系,配比5∶2,固液比1∶28,保温时间为8 min。所建立的定量分析方法回收率为95.63%～101.36%,相对标准偏差小于3.0%,线性相关系数大于0.999,方法检出限为0.18～2.20 ng/mL。3种中药中均含有丰富的微量元素,尤其是黄精中Fe、Ca和Mn的含量较高;何首乌中Mg、Zn和Fe含量相对较高;拐枣中Fe和Ca含量相对较高。研究结果可为上述3种中药中微量元素的含量与其药效的相关性提供科学依据。     

微波消解-ICP/MS测定烤烟中微量元素含量

以3 mL HNO3和2 mL H2O2的混合消解液对烟草样品进行微波消解,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了烤烟中的Mn、Zn、Cu、Se、N i、Co、Cr、As、Cd、Pb 10种微量元素的含量.结果表明：方法的检出限均低于0.02μg/g,各元素测定的RSD（n=5）均小于3%,样品加标回收率为97.35%-101.30%.方法消耗试剂少,快速准确,适合烟草中多种微量元素的同时测定.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定REACH法规涉及产品中铅、铬、钴、砷、锡、铝、锆、钼和硼

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对REACH法规涉及产品中铅、铬、钴、砷、锡、铝、锆、钼和硼的含量进行测定。0.2g样品经微波消解处理,聚合物材质试样以8mL硝酸和2mL过氧化氢为消解试剂;无机非金属材质试样以6mL硝酸、2mL过氧化氢和2mL氢氟酸为消解试剂。各元素的方法检出限均低于15mg·kg-1。方法的加标回收率在82.4%～108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在3%～6%之间。     

Determination of mercury, selenium, bismuth, arsenic and antimony in human hair by microwave digestion atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A novel method for determination of Hg, Se, Bi, As and Sb based on microwave digestion followed by continuous flow vapour generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry was developed. The digestion for Hg was based on a two stage digestion involving HNO(3) and H(2)O(2), whilst for the hydride forming elements a common digestion using HCl and H(2)O(2) was found to be the most effective. The instrumentation and chemistry were optimised in order to provide the best accuracy and precision. The method detection limit for hair samples was found to be 0.2 ng g(-1) for Hg and between 2 and 10 ng g(-1) for the hydride forming elements. The atomic fluorescence detector showed excellent linearity over the concentration ranges studied with linear correlation co-efficients between 0.99984 and 0.99997. To validate the accuracy of the method a human hair certified reference material (GBW 0706) was analysed and excellent agreement with the certified value was obtained for all elements.     

Optimization of microwave digestion for mercury determination in marine biological samples by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry

Optimization of acid digestion method for mercury determination in marine biological samples (dolphin liver, fish and mussel tissues) using a closed vessel microwave sample preparation is presented. Five digestion procedures with different acid mixtures were investigated: the best results were obtained when the microwave-assisted digestion was based on sample dissolution with HNO3-H2SO4-K2Cr2O7 mixture. A comparison between microwave digestion and conventional reflux digestion shows there are considerable losses of mercury in the open digestion system. The microwave digestion method has been tested satisfactorily using two certified reference materials. Analytical results show a good agreement with certified values. The microwave digestion proved to be a reliable and rapid method for decomposition of biological samples in mercury determination.     

Comparison of four microwave digestion methods for the determination of selenium in fish tissue by using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

Four microwave digestion methods of fish tissue for selenium determination by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry were compared, in which potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) was chosen as a masking agent for eliminating matrix interferences. The results showed that the methods employing HNO(3)/H(2)O(2), HNO(3)/K(2)S(2)O(8)/H(2)O(2) and HNO(3)/H(3)PO(4)/H(2)O(2) digestion media were unreliable. However, the decomposition using the digestion media of HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O(2) enabled adequate digestion of fish tissue and retention of selenium in a state amenable for determination. Therefore, the digestion procedures with HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O(2) media are proposed for the determination of selenium in fish tissue by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. The recoveries of the spiked samples investigated ranged from 90 to 102%. The result obtained from analyzing the NIES CRM No. 6 mussel was in good agreement with the reference value (reference value: 1.5 mug/g; found: 1.45 +/- 0.05 mug/g). The limit of detection for selenium was 0.03 mug/g dry mass for a 100 mg sample. The contents of selenium in local fish species investigated ranged from 0.49 to 2.90 mug/g, and the relative standard deviation for the determination of selenium was less than 8%.     

A method for determination of selenium in organic tissues using microwave digestion and liquid chromatography

An existing laboratory procedure for selenium analysis using open-vessel wet digestion and liquid chromatographic fluorescence determination was modified for use with microwave digestion. The proposed microwave digestion method eliminated the hazards associated with the use of HClO4 while maintaining excellent recoveries of selenium. A 2-step HNO3/H2O2 digestion procedure was developed. Digested samples were derivatized with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene, and the resultant piazselenol complex was measured fluorometrically using a liquid chromatograph. Measured values were in agreement with 9 different certified reference materials. The detection limit for this method was 0.54 ng Se/g tissue (3 sigma), and the calibration curve remained linear (r2 = 0.9968) up to 2 microg Se/g.     

Mechanised flow system for on-line microwave digestion of food samples with off-line catalytic spectrophotometric determination of cobalt at ng l-1 levels

A mechanised system for on-line slurry food sample digestion was developed and an off-line cobalt determination was performed. The stabilised slurry sample was introduced into an air carrier stream until reaching the digestion coils located inside a household microwave oven. Software written in Visual Basic 3.0 was developed to permit the transport of the slurry samples and the programming of the microwave oven and also the control of the mineralization valve. The proposed system was optimized for determination of cobalt in certified samples such as mussels, bovine liver and fish and also uncertified fish samples. The digestion parameters were established as 3 mol l-1 HNO3 for mussels, 3 mol l-1 HNO3 plus 0.16% v/v H2O2 for bovine liver and 12 mol l-1 HNO3 for fish employing maximum power for 5 min of microwave actuation. In the subsequent spectrophotometric method for the catalytic determination of cobalt, the Tiron and hydrogen peroxide concentrations were 1.8 x 10(-3) and 3.0 x 10(-4) mol l-1, respectively, and the sample residence time was 300 s as determined by an optimisation process. The proposed method features a linear range from 10 to 200 ng l-1 Co (r > 0.996) with detection and quantification limits of 1.7 and 5.5 ng l-1 Co, respectively. The precision, expressed as RSD, was 2.4% (n = 12) for repeatability and 5.2% (n = 10) for reproducibility and the accuracy of the proposed method was assessed by using certified samples and an alternative technique (ETAAS).