晶粒大小分布对纳米晶磁体Pr2Fe14B剩磁和矫顽力的影响

用微磁学有限元法计算了纳米晶磁体Pr2Fe14B的退磁曲线，文中模拟了三种具有不同晶粒大小分布的样品。计算结果表明，剩磁增强与磁体的晶粒尺寸分布情况无关而依赖于平均晶粒直径。晶粒尺寸分布对矫顽力的影响与磁体中的晶间交换耦合作用密切相关。     

Pr(Sr_(0.2)Ca_(0.8))_2Mn_2O_7纳米颗粒的磁性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法成功制备了双层钙钛矿锰氧化物Pr(Sr0.2Ca0.8)2Mn2O7纳米颗粒样品,并研究了样品的相结构和显微形貌及样品的磁性.X射线衍射分析结果表明样品中没有出现明显的杂相,SEM分析晶粒平均尺寸约为35nm,EDS测得的样品原子百分比表明成分基本没有偏析,Scherrer公式计算晶粒平均尺寸与SEM测试结果相同约为35nm.在场冷(field cooling FC)和零场冷(zero field cooling ZFC)模式测得的磁化强度-温度(M~T)曲线上,没有观察到300K时电荷有序转变;通过不同温度下磁化强度-磁场强度(M~T)曲线可以清楚的看出,Pr(Sr0.2Ca0.8)2Mn2O7纳米样品在5K和77K时都表现出铁磁行为,表明样品中铁磁(ferromagnetic FM)团簇磁矩已经开始有序排列形成铁磁态.     

纳米复合Fe-R-O(R=Hf Nd Dy)薄膜面内铁磁共振研究

用反应溅射方法制备了FeRO(R=Hf, Nd, Dy) 薄膜，并在400℃时对样品进行退火处理，x射线衍射和电子衍射结果显示纳米量级的Fe晶粒镶嵌在非晶氧化物基质中.用面内铁磁共振技术仔细测量了样品的共振吸收谱，并分析了局域磁化强度Ms与晶粒尺寸的关系.制备态样品呈现出显著的面内单轴各向异性，退火后单轴各向异性显著减弱，取而代之的是较弱的磁晶各向异性.利用公式(ω/γ)2=(Hres+HK)(Hres+HK+4πMs)求出局域磁化强度Ms，它随晶粒尺寸减小而减小，在晶粒尺寸为5nm时仅约为Fe体材料饱和磁化强度的30%.局域磁化强度与根据Fe的体积百分比算出的体磁化强度相比偏小，并与晶粒尺寸的倒数呈线性关系，说明在晶粒表面存在较强的磁矩钉扎效应. 关键词： 铁磁共振 局域磁化强度 单轴各向异性 磁晶各向异性     

(Sr,Co,Nb）掺杂SnO2压敏电阻的电学非线性

研究了Sr对新型(Co, Nb)掺杂SnO₂压敏材料微观结构和电学性质的影响.当SrCO ₃的含量从零增加到1.50mol%时，(Co, Nb)掺杂SnO₂压敏电阻的击穿电压从240V/mm猛增 到1482V/mm.样品的微观结构分析发现, 当SrCO₃的含量从零增加到1.50 mol%时, SnO2的晶粒尺寸迅速减小．晶界势垒高度测量揭示，SnO₂晶粒尺寸的迅速减小是击穿 关键词： 碳酸锶 二氧化锡 势垒 电学非线性     

晶粒尺寸调控Er~(3+)掺杂微晶玻璃上转换发光颜色的研究

首先,使用高温熔融冷却技术,制备了不同掺入比例的NaF,YF_3玻璃样品。然后将退火后的玻璃样品切割加工成15mm×15mm×3mm,实施抛光处理。最后,通过差热分析确定玻璃转变温度Tg、第一析晶峰Tx和玻璃整体析晶峰Tc等特征温度。将样品在600℃下热处理2h后,在玻璃样品中成功的析出了不同晶粒尺寸的NaYF4微晶。对样品进行了XRD,TEM和EDX的分析,可以确定不同样品中晶粒的尺寸与分布。结合样品荧光光谱和吸收光谱的分析,探讨了Er~(3+)在不同晶粒尺寸样品中的上转换发光特征,当晶粒尺寸由大变小时,Er~(3+)逐渐由红光发射转向绿光发射。通过析晶活化能的分析,确定了NaF可以改善玻璃网络结构,当NaF含量降低时,可以提高玻璃网络结构的完整性,增加玻璃样品的析晶活化能,降低了微晶玻璃样品的析晶能力,进而对微晶玻璃样品内微晶尺寸起到调节作用。因此:当样品中NaF含量较高时,晶粒尺寸较大,晶粒中的Er~(3+)浓度较高,使得Er~(3+)-Er~(3+)之间的交叉驰豫作用增强,导致Er~(3+)红光发射较强;相对应地,NaF含量较低时,晶粒尺寸较小,晶粒中Er~(3+)浓度较低及交叉弛豫减弱,因此,Er~(3+)绿光发射增强。通过改变玻璃组分,调节微晶玻璃中晶粒尺寸,实现了对Er~(3+)在微晶玻璃中发光颜色的调控。     

高压下BiPbSrCaCuO超导陶瓷材料的显微结构

 本文通过扫描电子显微镜等实验手段，研究了Bi系超导材料在不同制备条件下的显微结构，着重分析了压力下（冷压、热压）样品显微结构的变化。经过压力处理，超导晶粒的平均尺寸显著降低，气孔率大幅度减少，样品密度得以极大提高，达理论密度的90%~95%。在经冷压、热压处理的样品中可见到明显的晶粒择优取向排列，其形成机制是压力下的塑性流变以及晶粒的各向异性生长趋势。     

氧化铝/氧化镧X射线衍射及拉曼光谱研究

当钢中氧化铝夹杂物的尺寸过大、棱角分明,在线材拉拔为钢丝的过程中可视为主要的裂纹源,会严重影响钢材性能,细化或去除钢中夹杂物备受重视。由于钢中合金元素添加量相对于钢液较小,并在实验及分析的中间过程中存在误差,使用放大夹杂物反应的思路,研究了在高温1 600 ℃时,不同比例稀土氧化镧粉末和氧化铝粉末的添加量对夹杂物的物相变化、尺寸大小的影响。对高温箱式炉设定程序进行升温、保温、随炉冷却,使用X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪测试结果分析了镧铝氧化物的具体变化过程。结果表明：随着La₂O₃添加量的不断增加,最先生成LaAl₁₁O₁₈相,其次为LaAl₁₁O₁₈,LaAlO₃相,峰强减弱,半高宽增加,晶粒尺寸变小,随后LaAl₁₁O₁₈特征峰消失,只剩下LaAlO₃相,且并无新相生成。结合H-W平均晶粒尺寸数学模型计算R2分别为0.990 25,0.962 59,0.987 1和0.989 76,且1#样品到4#样品晶粒尺寸分别为6.08,2.88,7.67和4.75 μm,2#样品晶粒尺寸最小,3#样品晶粒尺寸最大,表明合适的氧化镧和氧化铝配比可以促进形核并缩小晶粒尺寸。通过拉曼光谱分析得出,随着Al₂O₃配比的减少,观察拉曼位移在4 385 cm-1处拉曼特征峰消失,结合XRD图谱可以判定该处为LaAl₁₁O₁₈相。3#-4#曲线在拉曼位移为3 564～3 642和4 461～5 554 cm-1处出现拉曼特征峰,结合2#曲线以及XRD图谱可知,生成新的LaAlO₃相,且3#样品和4#样品的不同配比对拉曼峰强无太大影响,也没有出现新的特征峰。通过放大钢中需要针对性研究的物质,分析了氧化镧粉末添加后对氧化铝粉末改性的演变过程。研究结果可对实际炼钢过程中解决氧化铝夹杂物改性的问题提供参考。     

制备压力对La2/3Sr1/3MnO3的磁电阻效应的影响

 研究了制备压力对纳米块状样品La_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃的结构、磁学和电学性质的影响。结果表明：样品的晶粒尺寸随制备压力的增加而变小，且不同样品的磁电阻效应不同。低场磁电阻效应在整个实验温区都随制备压力的升高而变弱，这主要是由制备压力使样品晶粒界面连接更紧密所导致；T<200 K时，高场磁电阻效应随制备压力的升高而变强，T>200 K时，高场磁电阻效应随制备压力的升高反而变弱，这主要是由制备压力改变样品的晶粒尺寸所引起。     

Ag/Zn共掺杂TiO2薄膜的制备及其光学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法制备本征TiO2、Ag单掺Ag-TiO2及Ag/Zn共掺Ag/Zn-TiO2的薄膜样品.测试结果表明:所有TiO2薄膜样品的主要晶面是(101)且没有其他杂质晶面.Ag的掺杂使得样品的晶粒尺寸减小,样品的吸收边出现红移,带隙能减小,最小值为3.476 eV.与本征TiO2和Ag-TiO2相比,随着Z...     

不同热处理方式对超细粒子K—Co—Mo催化剂性能和结构的影响

以柠檬酸为络合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Co-Mo超细粒子氧化物,所得干凝胶分别置于空气和氩气中进行焙烧,然后经K2CO3助化后硫化。使用X射线衍射（XRD）比表面测试和扩展X光吸收精细结构（EXAFS）对样品进行结构表征,同时测试硫化态样品的CO加氢合成低碳混合醇活性。XRD结果表明,在空气中焙烧的样品为单一的CoMoO4物种,其晶粒尺寸约为60nm。在氩气中焙烧的样品,柠檬酸的分解对样品起到还原作用,主要物种为CoMoO3,同时存在少量的CoMoO4,晶粒尺寸约为20nm。BET结果表明,在氩气中焙烧的样品具有较大的比表面积。硫化态样品中主要物种为MoS2和Co9S8,此外,还可能存在CoMoS3.13物种。XRD和EXAFS结果均表明,在氩气中焙烧的样品硫化后,其晶粒尺寸相对较小。活性测试结果表明,催化剂晶粒尺寸的降低明显促进了合成醇的活性和选择性的提高。     

Effect of particle size on the magnetic properties of NiB

The magnetic susceptibility of NiB samples prepared by direct synthesis of the elements were measured at room temperature employing the Faraday method. It has been observed that NiB has a particle size dependent weak paramagnetic susceptibility and this behaviour partially decreases by annealing. Thus it has been concluded that particle size dependence of magnetic susceptibility could be attributed to the presence of possible lattice defects in the samples.     

Correlations between microstructure and a.c. magnetic response of bulk superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x

Summary The magnetic response of granular superconducting YBCO samples with different grain sizes is reported. The analysis is carried out by measuring the low-frequency a.c. magnetic susceptibility as a function of the temperature with an applied magnetic field of amplitude ranging between 0.4 and 800 A/m. The observed magnetic behaviour is interpreted in terms of grain size and weak-links properties. The experimental results evidence the influence of the sample microstructure on the magnetic susceptibility. The intergranular and intragranular onset temperatures are compared with the critical temperature of the samples obtained by means of electrical-resistivity measurements. The temperature dependence of the intergranular critical current density is derived from the susceptibility data.     

Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des magnetischen Barkhausen-Effekts. I

The apparatus described allows to measure the size distribution of Barkhausen discontinuities with a magnetic moment greater than 10^?6 e.m.u. in a temperatur range from liquid air up to the Curie point. We used the counting method, developed byTebble and his co-workers, in connection with a multichannel-analyzer. Nickel samples of different purity and of different thermal treatment have been investigated. The results are as follows: 1. The size distribution of two samples, having in practice the same hysteresis loop can show a completely different behaviour as a function of the magnetic field. 2. The number of great discontinuities is reduced more rapid with rising temperature than that of the smaller ones; thus leading to the conclusion, that the Barkhausen component of total magnetization is vanishing much stronger with increasing temperature than that of differential susceptibility. 3. The critical field strength, being characterized by a maximum in the number of discontinuities per unit field, shows the same temperature dependence as the coercive force. This critical field is only slightly dependent on the size of jumps. 4. The “average” magnetic moment of the discontinuities in the measured range of size appears to vary less with temperature than the spontaneous magnetization. 5. Above a temperature of about 270°C spontaneous jumps will be produced, even in a magnetic hard sample, by diminutive vibrations, such as speaking loud or coughing. 6. The Barkhausen part of total magnetization varies with temperature like the coercive force and therefore seems to be a structure-dependent quantity. The results of our measurements are discussed in connection with those of other authors.     

The role of surface states in magnetic properties of nanocrystalline CuO

The temperature behavior of the magnetic susceptibility of a CuO low-dimensional antiferromagnet subjected to spherically converging isentropic shock wave loading is investigated. The grain sizes in CuO polycrystalline samples range from 5 to 110 nm. It is demonstrated that a decrease in the grain size leads to an increase in the role of the surface states in the magnetic properties. Unlike polycrystals prepared by standard methods, the susceptibility of nanocrystalline samples in the range 78 K<T<150 K decreases with an increase in temperature, which is explained by the formation of Cu²⁺ paramagnetic ions on the surface of nanocrystalline particles.     

溶胶凝胶法制备Ti1-xFexO2纳米颗粒及磁性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了稀磁半导体Ti1-xFexO2(x=0～0.050)的纳米颗粒,在氩气氛围中以500℃对样品进行退火处理,并通过差热/热重综合热分析仪(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)分析了纳米颗粒的结构和相变温度.使用振动样品磁场计(VSM)测试了样品的磁性能.研究发现:经500℃氩...     

Comparative study of the structural and magnetic properties of bulk and nanostructured Fe2CrAl

Nanostructured Fe₂CrAl has been prepared by mechanical alloying using a high energy ball mill. The structural and magnetic properties of the as-milled and mechanically alloyed sample annealed in the presence of a magnetic field have been studied by means of X-ray diffractometry, ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and DC magnetization. The observed properties are compared to that of the bulk sample. The magnetic hyperfine fields are related to structural disorder. There is a very good enhancement of bulk magnetic properties in the nano-sized samples, the most notable one being a dramatic increase in the Curie temperature of these samples and are explained in terms of structural disordering and size effect.     

Mössbauer and magnetic studies of MFe2O4(M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles

Nanocrystalline MFe₂O₄ (M?=?Co, Ni) particles are synthesized by citrate precursor technique. Mössbauer and magnetic studies are carried out with the CoFe₂O₄ samples having particle sizes of 9, 14 and 30 nm and the NiFe₂O₄ samples having particle sizes of 9, 21 and 30 nm. The intrinsic magnetic parameters are found to vary with the particle size. The magnetic interactions and cation distribution present in these systems influence the room temperature Mössbauer parameters. Ferrimagnetic sextets are observed for all the different particle sizes. The observed reduction of the magnetic hyperfine field values with the decrease in the size of MFe₂O₄ particles are attributed to the intrinsic size effect and the canted spin structure at the surface of the nanoparticles.     

Ag/Fe/Ag 纳米颗粒膜磁特性和微结构

"利用对靶磁控溅射法制备了一系列Ag/Fe/Ag纳米薄膜,沉积态样品Fe层厚度固定为35 nm,Ag层厚度为1、2、3、4、5 nm．随后对沉积态样品进行了退火处理,退火温度分别为200、300、400、500、600 ℃ , 退火30 min． 利用VSM测量了样品的磁特性, 利用SPM观察样品表面形貌和磁畴结构,并且利用XRD分析了样品的晶体结构．研究结果表明,沉积态样品随Ag层厚度的变化,垂直和平行膜面矫顽力均先增加后减小．当Ag层厚度为3 nm时,垂直膜面矫顽力最大约为260 Oe,样品颗粒分布均     

Study on the coercivity of granular solid iron

The iron granular solid, in which ultrafine iron particles are dispersed, has been prepared with both SiO₂ and Cu matrices using the sol-gel method. The structure and morphology of these granular solid samples are investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The magnetic properties are measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer with 20 kOe maximum applied field. It is found that the coereivity decreases very slightly with temperature from 80 to 300 K for these Fe–SiO₂ and Fe–Cu granular solid samples with different average size of iron particles from 50 to 300 Å. The magnetic anisotropy has been obtained from the measured magnetization curves for these granular solid samples using the law of approach to saturation, and the obtained values of the effective magnetic anisotropy are all more than 10⁶ erg/cm³, which are larger than the value of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy for bulk iron. The coercivity vs temperature for these granular solid samples has been calculated using the Kneller and Luborsky theory, in which the magnetic anisotropy values obtained from the law of approach to saturation are used. The trends of the calculated coercivity as a function of temperature are in reasonable agreement with the observations.     

Elastic-stress relaxation in compacted nanocrystalline CuO

The magnetic properties of two types of nanocrystalline antiferromagnetic CuO samples, namely, dense nanoceramics and loose powders, were studied. For nanomaterials with smaller particles, the magnetic susceptibility χ was shown to increase with a decrease in temperature T < T_N. The increase in χ in both series of samples is related to the disordering of Cu²⁺ spins at the surfaces of nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of nanopowders characterize the properties of isolated nanoparticles. In a dense nanoceramic, the size effect is compensated for by the interaction between nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of nanoceramics are determined by elastic stresses induced by an external action. Elastic-stress relaxation results in the recovery of magnetic order and decreases the magnetic susceptibility.