气相中自由基OH在不同催化剂下对甲酰氟FCHO进行提氢反应的理论性研究

分别在水、甲酸和硫酸存在的情况下,通过CCSD(T)//M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)的理论方法,对大气中自由基OH提取甲酰氟FCHO上的氢进行了反应机理和动力学的研究.计算结果表明相对于反应物,加入催化剂的过渡态的能垒从3.64 kcal/mol分别下降到-2.89、-6.25和-7.76 kcal/mol,表明水、甲酸和硫酸在甲酰氟FCHO和自由基OH提氢反应中起了重要作用.通过运用具有Eckart隧道校正的传统过渡态理论计算出的动力学数据表明通道X...FCHO+OH(X=H₂O, HCOOH,或者H₂SO₄)要比通道X...OH+FCHO更有利于反应的发生.催化剂水、甲酸和硫酸的加入使甲酰氟FCHO 和自由基OH提氢反应的速率常数要比不加催化剂时小,说明了催化剂的加入不能促进大气中甲酰氟FCHO和自由基OH的反应.     

Theoretical study of structure and analytic potential energy function for the ground state of PO2 molecule

In this paper, the energy, the equilibrium geometry, and the harmonic frequency of the ground electronic state of PO₂ are computed using B3LYP, B3P86, CCSD(T), and QCISD(T) methods in conjunction with 6-311++G(3df, 3pd) and cc-pVTZ basis sets. A comparison between the computational results and the experimental values indicates that the B3P86/6-311++G(3df, 3pd) method can give better energy calculation results for the PO₂ molecule. It is shown that the ground state of the PO₂ molecule has C_2v symmetry and its ground electronic state is X²A₁. The equilibrium parameters of the structure are R_P-O=0.1465 nm, d=19.218 eV. The bent vibrational frequency ν₁=386 cm^-1, the symmetric stretching frequency ν₂=1095 cm^-1, and the asymmetric stretching frequency ν₃=1333 cm^-1 are obtained. On the basis of atomic and molecular reaction statics, the reasonable dissociation limit for the ground state of the PO₂ molecule is determined. Then the analytic potential energy function of the PO₂ molecule is first derived by using the many-body expansion theory. The potential curves correctly reproduce the configurations and the dissociation energy for the PO₂ molecule.     

利用交流阻抗谱揭示Ir(111)电极在酸性溶液中的氢吸附动力学

本文利用阻抗谱研究Ir(111)电极在HClO₄和H₂SO₄中溶液中的氢吸附行为. 在HClO₄溶液中,随着施加电位从0.2 V降到0.1 V(vs RHE),Ir(111)电极上氢吸附速率从1.74×10^-8 mol·cm^-2·s^-1增大到 3.47×10^-7 mol·cm^-2·s^-1 . 与相同条件下Pt(111)电极上的氢吸附速率相比,Ir(111)上的氢吸附速率要小1∽2个数量级,这是由于Ir(111)电极与H₂O结合能力更强,因此位于水合氢键网络中的氢离子需要克服更高的能垒才能重新定向进而发生欠电位沉积. 在H₂SO₄溶液中,氢吸附电位负移了200 mV,吸附速率也下降了一个数量级,这是由于Ir(111)电极表面强吸附的硫酸根/硫酸氢根物种的阻碍作用. 结果表明,在电化学环境下,位于电极表面附近的水分子的取代和重新定向在很大程度上影响了氢吸附过程.     

OH, OCI, HOCI(1A')的从头算与势能曲线

采用Gassian09程序包中的多种方法对OH, OCI, HOCI分子的基态结构进行优化计算, 优选出QCISD/6-311G(2df), B3P86/6-311+G(2df)方法分别对OH(X²), OCI(X²)分子进行计算, 得到平衡核间距R_OH=0.09696 nm, R_OCI=0.1569 nm, 谐振频率ω(OH)=3745.37 cm^-1, ω(OCI)=892.046 cm^-1, 与实验结果非常符合. 用Murrell-Sorbie势能函数对OH和OCI分子的扫描势能点进行拟合, 其扫描点都与四参数Murrell-Sorbie函数拟合曲线符合得很好．优选出QCISD(T)/D95(df, pd)方法对HOCI分子进行计算, 得到基态为X¹A', 键长R_OH =0.0966 nm, 键角∠HOCI=102.3°, 谐振频率ω₁(a₁)=738.69 cm^-1, ω₂(b₂)=1260.25 cm^-1, 离解能D_e=2.24eV. 通过比较发现这些结果与实验值符合得很好,并优于文献报道的结果. 随后计算出了力常数, 在此基础上,推导出HOCI分子的多体展式势能函数.报道了HOCI分子对称伸缩振动势能图中在H+OCI →HOCI反应通道上有一鞍点, H原子需要越过1.74eV的能垒才能生成HOCI的稳定结构, 在Cl+OH→HOCI通道上不存在明显势垒, 容易形成稳定的HOCI分子.     

氧化石墨烯负载的Pt单原子催化硼胺烷水解机理的理论研究

本文研究了氧化石墨烯负载Pt单原子(Pt₁/Gr-O)催化硼胺烷(NH₃BH₃)全水解反应机理,即一分子的NH₃BH₃生成三分子的氢气(H₂)的过程. 在水解路径中,首先吸附的硼胺烷连续断裂两个B-H键生成第一分子的H₂. 接着,一个H₂O分子与^*BHNH₃基团(^*表示吸附态)反应生成^*BH(H₂O)NH₃,其中伸长的O-H键断裂后形成^*BH(OH)NH₃. 然后,第二个H₂O与^*BH(OH)NH₃反应生成^*BH(OH)(H₂O)NH₃,在指向Pt₁/Gr-O表面的O-H断裂后,生成BH(OH)₂NH₃并脱附到水溶液中. 两个水分子脱氢产生的两个H原子脱附生成第二个H₂分子,且Pt₁/Gr-O催化剂恢复. 脱附后的BH(OH)₂NH₃在水溶液中水解生成第三个H₂分子. 纵观整个水解反应,H₂O分子和^*BHNH₃基团的结合是反应速控步,其反应能垒是16.1 kcal/mol. 因此,Pt₁/Gr-O有希望成为室温催化NH₃BH₃全水解催化剂.     

OH+C2H3F的反应机理及产物支化比反应的理论研究

本文对HOC₂H₃F可能解离通道的势能面进行从头算CCSD(T)/CBS//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)计算,同时对速率常数进行Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus计算. 生成主要产物CH₂CHO+HF最有利的反应途径是OHC₂H₃F→i2→TS14→i6→TS9→i3→TS3→CH₂CHO+HF,其中速率决定步骤是HF通过TS11从CO桥接位置解离,能量比反应物高3.8 kcal/mol. 借助中间态TS14,F原子从C_α迁移到C_β位置生成CH₂O+CH₂F,然后通过中间态TS16,H从O迁移到C_α位置;通过中间态TS5,C-C键断裂生成产物,其能量比反应物低1.8 kcal/mol,比TS11低4.0 kcal/mol.     

硫脲21A激发态扭曲几何结构的共振拉曼光谱和理论研究

获得了硫脲在水和乙腈溶液中A吸收带的共振拉曼光谱,通过B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd)和RCIS/6-311++G(3df,3pd)分别对硫脲的电子跃迁和2¹A 激发态鞍点结构进行了研究．对共振拉曼光谱进行了归属,并通过含时波包理论对吸收光谱和共振拉曼光谱进行拟合,结果表明硫脲动态结构特征主要沿着：C=S伸缩振动ν₆(|△|=0.95)、H₅N₃H₆+H₈N₄H₇弯曲振动ν₅(|△|=0.19)、NCN对称伸缩振动+C=S伸缩振动+N₃H₆+H₈N₄弯曲振动ν₄(|△|=0.18)．ν₁₅倍频2ν₁₅和4ν₁₅强度主要归因于ν₁₅激发态频率的改变而不是简正模位移量的变化．对S=CN₂面外变形振动ν₁₅倍频出现的机理进行了探究,结果表明Franck-Condon区域势能面鞍点是标准A项共振拉曼散射里的二次声子机制的驱动力,导致碳原子中心的锥形化,并使硫脲在2¹A激发态发生几何结构扭曲.     

大气中硫酸生成反应势能面的量子化学研究

A new potential energy surface (PES) for the atmospheric formation of sulfuric acid from OH+SO₂ is investigated using density functional theory and high-level ab initio molecular orbital theory. A pathway focused on the new PES assumes the reaction to take place between the radical complex SO₃·HO₂ and H₂O. The unusual stability of SO₃·HO₂ is the principal basis of the new pathway, which has the same final outcome as the current reaction mechanism in the literature but it avoids the production and complete release of SO₃. The entire reaction pathway is composed of three consecutive elementary steps:(1) HOSO₂+O₂→SO₃·HO₂, (2) SO₃·HO₂+H₂O→SO₃·H₂O·HO₂, (3) SO₃·H₂O·HO₂→H₂SO₄+HO₂. All three steps have small energy barriers, under 10 kcal/mol, and are exothermic, and the new pathway is therefore favorable both kinetically and thermodynamically. As a key step of the reactions, step (3), HO₂ serves as a bridge molecule for low-barrier hydrogen transfer in the hydrolysis of SO₃. Two significant atmospheric implications are expected from the present study. First, SO₃ is not released from the oxidation of SO₂ by OH radical in the atmosphere. Second, the conversion of SO₂ into sulfuric acid is weakly dependent on the humidity of air.     

Resonance Raman Study of Aggregated Meso-tetra(4-pyridinium) porphyrin Diacid

研究了近激子吸收带激发下四-(4-吡啶基)卟啉二酸(H₈TPyP⁶⁺)聚集体的共振拉曼光谱．测量了H₈TPyP⁶⁺单体和聚集体的紫外可见吸收谱和共振光散射光谱．在氘代位移的基础上结合相关体系振动光谱研究,对测得的H₈TPyP⁶⁺)单体和聚集体的拉曼谱带进行了指认．聚集体的形成导致H₈TPyP⁶⁺的卟啉环CC/CN面内伸缩振动向低波数方向位移2～6 cm^-1,而卟啉环鞍形面外振动带向高波数方向位移12cm^-1．基于拉曼谱带的强度和频率变化分析了聚集引起的H₈TPyP⁶⁺分子内结构变化和分子间氢键作用     

ANISOTROPY OF OPTICAL ABSORPTION INTENSITY IN Tm3+ DOPED YVO4 CRYSTALS

Seven absorption group-bands (¹D₂, ¹G₄, ³F₂, ³F₃, ³H₄, ³H₅, ³F₄) of Tm³⁺ in YVO₄ single crystals have been observed in the orientation absorption spectra recorded in the spectral range from 200 to 4000 nm at 300K. The integrated absorption cross section for each group-band was accurately evaluated. On the assumption that the anisotropy of this uni-axial crystal is small, the Judd-Ofelt theory was extended for the calculation of 4f-4f transition intensities of Tm³⁺ in YVO₄. Two sets of phenomenological intensity parameters were derived from a least-squares-fit procedure. For c-axis cut sample we have Ω₂=10.18 (10^-20cm²), Ω₄=1.96 (10^-20cm²), Ω₆=0.75 (10^-20cm²).For a-axis cut sample we have Ω₂=8.20 (10^-20cm²), Ω₄=2.47 (10^-20cm²), Ω₆=0.91 (10^-20cm²). The anisotropy of the optical absorption intensities of Tm³⁺:YVO₄ was theoretically analyzed in detail.     

(H2O)n (n=1-3)和H2SO4作用下H2CO3气相分解反应机理的理论研究

本文利用CCSD(T)/6-311++(3df,3pd)//B3LYP-D3/6-311++G(3df,3pd)+ 0.9686×ZPE理论方法对(H2O)n (n=1-3)和H2SO4存在与不存在的情况下,H2CO3气相分解反应机理进行了理论研究。计算结果表明(H2O)n (n=1-3)和H2SO4都能使H2CO3气相分解反应的能垒显著地降低,其催化能力按由强到弱的顺序是H2SO4>(H2O)2>(H2O)3>H2O。     

Effect of a single water molecule on the formations of H2O2 + ClO from HO2 + HOCl reaction under tropospheric conditions

ABSTRACT

In this work, four different channels, represented by H₂O???HO₂ + HOCl, HO₂???H₂O + HOCl, H₂O???HOCl + HO₂ and HOCl???H₂O + HO₂ have been analysed for water-catalysed formations of H₂O₂ + ClO to gain insight into the potential impact of the reaction in the atmosphere. The results at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//MP2/6-311+G(2df,2p) level show that the H₂O???HO₂ + HOCl reaction is kinetically the most favourable channel among the four channels. Compared to the channel of H₂O₂ + ClO formations without water vapour, the effective rate constant of H₂O???HO₂ + HOCl reaction is estimated to be faster than the naked reaction by 2–3 orders of magnitude, indicating that the single water molecule in the H₂O???HO₂ + HOCl channel exhibits a positive catalytic effect on enhancing the rate of H₂O₂ + ClO formations. Meanwhile, it is interesting that the transfer process between H₂O???HOCl + HO₂ and H₂O???HO₂ + HOCl has an activation energy of 0.6 kcal?mol^?1 and can occur easily under tropospheric conditions.     

MgH分子X2Σ+，A2Π和B2Σ+电子态的势能函数

利用QCISD(T),SAC-CI方法和cc-pVQZ,aug-cc-pVTZ,6-311++G及6-311++G(3df,2pd)基组,对MgH分子的基态X²Σ⁺,第一简并激发态A²Π和第二激发态B²Σ⁺的结构进行优化计算.通过对4个基组计算结果进行比较,得出6-311++G(3df,2pd)基组为最优基组.使用 关键词： 分子结构与势能函数 激发态 Murrell-Sorbie函数 C₆函数')" href="#">Murrell-Sorbie+C₆函数     

7Li2分子2 3Σ+g激发态的解析势能函数、谐振频率及振动能级

使用Gaussian03程序包中的“对称性匹配簇/对称性匹配簇-组态相互作用”方法, 利用多个基组对⁷Li₂分子2³Σ⁺_g态的平衡几何进行了优化计算. 同时, 在优化得到的平衡位置附近、于同一条件下通过精细的单点能扫描, 获得了相应基组下的平衡核间距. 发现两者的结果不一致，对不一致的原因进行了解释. 分析表明，由单点能扫描得到的平衡核间距应更为合理. 同时也得出了6-311++G(3df,3pd)，6-311++G(2df,2pd) 及6-311++G(2df,pd)基组均为较优基组的结论.于2.5a₀—37a₀的范围内利用6-311++G(3df,3pd)基组进行单点能扫描并使用最小二乘法拟合出了该态的解析势能函数. 利用解析势能函数的物理意义并结合Rydberg-Klein-Rees方法, 计算出了其相应的谐振频率, 进而计算了其他光谱常数. 为便于比较和分析, 对基态也进行了相应的计算.利用得到的解析势能函数, 对2³Σ⁺_g态的振动能级及振动经典转折点也进行了计算. 关键词： 势能函数 谐振频率 振动能级 Murrell-Sorbie函数     

The catalytic effects of H2CO3, CH3COOH,HCOOH and H2O on the addition reaction of CH2OO + H2O → CH2(OH)OOH

The addition reaction of CH₂OO + H₂O → CH₂(OH)OOH without and with X (X = H₂CO₃, CH₃COOH and HCOOH) and H₂O was studied at CCSD(T)/6-311+ G(3df,2dp)//B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,2p) level of theory. Our results show that X can catalyse CH₂OO + H₂O → CH₂(OH)OOH reaction both by increasing the number of rings, and by adding the size of the ring in which ring enlargement by COOH moiety of X inserting into CH₂OO···H₂O is favourable one. Water-assisted CH₂OO + H₂O → CH₂(OH)OOH can occur by H₂O moiety of (H₂O)₂ or the whole (H₂O)₂ forming cyclic structure with CH₂OO, where the latter form is more favourable. Because the concentration of H₂CO₃ is unknown, the influence of CH₃COOH, HCOOH and H₂O were calculated within 0–30 km altitude of the Earth's atmosphere. The results calculated within 0–5 km altitude show that H₂O and HCOOH have obvious effect on enhancing the rate with the enhancement factors are, respectively, 62.47%–77.26% and 0.04%–1.76%. Within 5–30 km altitude, HCOOH has obvious effect on enhancing the title rate with the enhancement factor of 2.69%–98.28%. However, compared with the reaction of CH₂OO + HCOOH, the rate of CH₂OO···H₂O + HCOOH is much slower.     

Theoretical study of the CH3 + NS and related reactions: mechanism of HCN formation

More than thirty equilibrium and transition structures on the [CH₃NS] potential energy surface have been located using the B3LYP/6-311 + + G(d,p) method. Thioformaldoxime (3) turns out to be the most stable isomer followed by thionitrone (2), a three-membered ring, thionitrosyl methane (1) and thiazyl methane. These isomers are connected to each other by 1,2H and 1,3H shifts and ring—chain rearrangement, but the associated energy barriers are rather high, making most of them stable with respect to unimolecular transformations. Starting from CH₃ + NS, a possible initial atmospheric reaction, HCN formation appears to be the most favoured process through a cascade involvement of 1, 2 and 3. The standard heats of formation, ΔH ⁰ _f,298 are calculated to be: 3, 149kJmol^?1; and 1, 218kJmol^?1; using the CCSD(T)/6-311+ +G(3df,2p) method, with an error of ±10kJ mol^?1.     

Theoretical study of B3O radical isomers and their interconversion pathways

Despite the fact that B₃O is the second simplest B _n O radical after BO, a controversy recently emerged concerning the molecular structure of its global minimum. Two recent theoretical groups predicted the linear quartet BBBO to be the ground isomer. By contrast, another recent theoretical group reported that B₃O has a doublet B₃-ring ground structure. Moreover, larger B _n O clusters usually have low-lying B₃-ring isomers. In order to determine the accurate energetic competition between linear and cyclic structures in both the doublet and quartet, and to understand the detailed isomerism between various isomers, which is vital for understanding the formation mechanism of B₃O, we report the first potential energy surface (PES) study of B₃O at various computational levels, including CCSD(T)/6-311+G(2df), CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ, CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ and G3B3 for the single-point energy, as well as B3LYP/6-311+G(d) and QCISD/6-311+G(d) for geometrical optimisation. It is shown that the isomers in the quartet state are all thermodynamically more stable than the corresponding doublet ones, and on both the quartet and doublet PESs, the linear form has the lowest energy. Therefore, our study on both linear and cyclic isomers shows that the linear quartet BBBO ⁴ 01 is definitively the ground isomer. Although being much less stable than the quartet linear BBBO global minimum by >20 kcal mol^?1, five cyclic isomers exist as local minima, with the bi-cyclic structure ⁴ 02 possessing the smallest barrier of around 15 kcal mol^?1. The dissociation energies for direct combination processes B₃ + O, B₂ + BO and B + B₂O are discussed. The present work may be helpful in obtaining a deep understanding of the doping and oxidation process of pure B _n clusters.     

The gas-phase pyrolysis of methyl azidoformate in the absence and presence of water: a theoretical study

The potential energy surface profiles for the gas-phase pyrolysis of methyl azidoformate (MA, CH₃OC(O)N₃) in the absence and presence of one water molecule have been investigated by ab initio methods at CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2df,2pd)//MP2(full)/6-311++G(d,p)+0.95×ZPE levels of theory. Three types of mechanisms are discussed for the gas-phase decomposition of CH₃OC(O)N₃. Ab initio calculations show that a four-membered-ring intermediate can be formed by the stepwise routes. The resulting intermediate can undergo two competitive decomposition channels to generate the major products CO₂?+?CH₂?=?NH and HNCO?+?HC(O)H. The calculated results are in qualitative agreement with the observed experimental data. However, CH₃ONCO can be produced from the Curtius-type rearrangement route. This is an intriguing finding in this study. Moreover, the effect of one water molecule on the gas-phase pyrolysis of MA has been also explored. We find that the relative energy of the hydrated transition states is effectively lowered when water is added to the reaction. However, the estimated rate constant at 625?K for the naked reaction is about 30 times faster than the reaction with water. Thus, a single water molecule cannot play an important role in the thermal decomposition of MA.