一种快速精确的捷联惯导系统初始对准方法研究

由于传统的多位置对准方法在用卡尔曼滤波器对其状态变量进行估计时，方位失准角收敛很慢，因此提出了一种快速多位置对准估计方位失准角的方法，直接利用两水平失准角快速收敛的估计结果对传统多位置对准中方位失准角的估计，从而大大提高了捷联惯导系统静基座对准的精度和速度。计算机仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种快速精确的捷联惯导系统初始对准方法研究

传统的多位置对准方法虽然使捷联惯导系统静基座初始对准的精度得到提高，但是用卡尔曼滤波器对其状态变量进行估计时，方位失准角收敛很慢。本提出了一种快速多位置对准估计方位失准角的方法，直接利用两水平失准角快速收敛的估计结果对传统多位置对准中方位失准角的估计，从而大大提高了捷联惯导系统静基座对准的精度和速度，计算机仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种改进的基于小波神经网络的SINS快速初始对准方法

捷联惯性导航系统静基座初始对准的可观测度低,采用卡尔曼滤波等最优滤波方法进行SINS初始对准时,方位失准角收敛慢且存在滤波器实时性较差的问题。对此提出了一种改进的基于小波神经网络的SINS静基座快速初始对准方法。该方法采用一个小波神经网络替代卡尔曼滤波器,利用该小波神经网络估计出两个水平失准角等SINS误差,然后利用两水平失准角快速收敛的估计结果,通过另一个小波神经网络对方位失准角直接进行快速估计。初始对准试验结果表明,该方法在保证对准精度的情况下大幅度地提高了SINS静基座初始对准的速度,同时也大大提高了系统状态估值运算的实时性。     

基于SVD的SINS多位置对准可观测性分析

针对捷联式惯导系统多位置对准可观测性的问题,以捷联式惯导十状态误差方程为研究对象,利用卡尔曼滤波分别得到固定位置对准与二位置对准以及二位置对准与三位置对准时的方位失准角估计误差收敛情况。在分段线性定常系统理论的基础上,利用奇异值分解的方法,分别对固定位置对准以及二位置对准时的系统各状态变量的可观测性进行分析。仿真结果表明,三位置对准和二位置对准时的方位失准角估计误差达到的稳态误差是一致的,并且多位置对准能够改善捷联惯导系统各状态变量的可观测度。该研究结果不仅为确定并提高捷联惯导系统各状态的可观测度提供了途径,而且为捷联式惯导系统的可观测性达到最佳以及捷联惯导系统对准精度的快速提高提供了理论基础。     

捷联惯导系统快速最小二乘精对准方法

传统最小二乘精对准方法采用水平速度误差作为量测值,对方位失准角和陀螺漂移的估计时间较长,且收敛速度受递推计算初值影响。改进方法直接采用单位时间的水平比力作为量测值,同时忽略失准角误差中的高次项,将三次曲线转化为线性模型进行估计。在简化模型的基础上,推导了计算量很小的无初值最小二乘递推算法,进一步加快了对准收敛速度。静基座条件下的仿真和实验验证结果表明,改进方法估计的失准角误差和北向陀螺漂移均可在120 s内收敛,在不影响对准精度的前提下缩短了对准和测漂时间。     

基于可观测性分析的方位旋转式惯导初始对准仿真研究

方位旋转式平台惯导系统(ARGINS)可以通过平台绕方位轴旋转抑制陀螺漂移和加速度计零偏,提高系统精度.平台旋转同样会影响系统静基座初始对准的精度.文中给出了ARGINS系统初始对准的误差方程和速度观测方程,应用分段定常系统可观测性分析理论和奇异值可观测度分析方法,定量地给出了ARGlNS系统状态的可观测度,并进行了ARGINS静基座初始对准过程的数字仿真和结果分析.结果表明:与固定指北式惯导系统相比,ARGIYS系统通过平台旋转提高了加速度计零偏和水平陀螺漂移的可观测度,可以应用卡尔曼滤波对系统的平台失准角和惯性元件误差进行估计并提高对准精度.     

基于强跟踪滤波器的SINS大失准角初始对准新方法

捷联惯性导航系统静基座初始对准时一般先进行粗对准,使失准角缩小到一定范围内从而满足小失准角假设下的线性误差模型,然后再进行精对准。在不进行粗对准时失准角一般为大角度,需要采用复杂的非线性误差模型和非线性滤波方法。研究发现通过设置合理的误差协方差矩阵初值,采用反馈校正滤波结构,并引入强跟踪滤波算法可以在大失准角情况下既无需粗对准,又无需采用非线性模型来实现精对准。仿真结果表明,该方法可以实现大失准角初始对准,鲁棒性好,在任意姿态初值下都可以使航向角在300 s内收敛到0.05°的理论极限精度,与小失准角精对准方法的速度和精度相当但省去了粗对准因而耗时更短,与无迹卡尔曼滤波在600 s时才收敛到0.5°的速度相比大为改善。     

GPS／SINS组合导航系统的动基座快速初始对准方法

—本文首先建立了ＳＩＮＳ的误差模型，并对系统模型进行了可观测性分析，然后基于ＳＩＮＳ误差模型的特点，通过对所采用卡尔曼滤波器仿真结果的分析，提出了一种快速估计方位失准角Ｄ的方法，从而大大缩短了初始对准时间，提高了对准速度。最后计算机仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

旋转式捷联惯导系统精对准方法

针对静基座捷联惯导系统初始对准时可观测性差的缺点,提出了捷联式惯导系统四位置转停的单轴旋转方案,以及在此方案下的精对准方法。将陀螺常值漂移和加速度计零位误差调制成周期变量,通过改变惯导系统误差模型中的捷联矩阵改善系统的可观测性。为了使捷联惯导系统的误差方程适合卡尔曼滤波模型,将加速度计误差和陀螺漂移扩充为状态变量,采用卡尔曼滤波方法实现旋转式捷联惯导系统的精对准。仿真结果表明,IMU旋转状态下的对准方法大大提高了系统失准角的可观测性,从而提高了对准精度。     

船用惯导双平台双位置海上启动方法

针对平台式惯导系统海上动态启动时传统的罗经对准方法和传递对准方法的缺点,提出了一种双平台双位置海上启动方法。粗对准阶段以牵引惯导提供的姿态角作为水平和航向基准通过伺服回路完成粗水平调平和粗方位对准。精对准阶段建立了双位置下的卡尔曼滤波方程,实现了东向陀螺漂移的估计补偿,解决了海上启动时对舰船匀速直航的限定条件。仿真结果表明,相比传统的海上启动法,在0.01(°)/h的东向陀螺漂移的情况下方位失准角的估计误差由2′减小到0.5′左右。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.     

Impact non-pénétrant sur le thorax : influence de la courbure sur la propagation des ondesNonpenetrating impact on the thorax: influence of curvature on wave propagation

Theoretical studies of the propagation of impact waves through the thorax are needed to improve the design of bulletproof jackets and blast protections (Fung in ‘Biomechanics Motions, Flow, Stress, and Growth’, Springer-Verlag, 1990; Cooper et al., J. Trauma 40 (1996) S38–S41). The influence of the weak acoustic coupling at the interface between the thoracic wall and the lung were described in (Grimal et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. IIB 329 (2001) 655–662); in this work, we study, within the frame of elastodynamics and with an approximate analytical method, the effects of the curvature of this interface. Results are given in terms of strain energy for the pressure wave, transmitted or converted. Focalisation of energy in the medium representing the lung is important for curvatures measured in humans. To cite this article: Q. Grimal et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 569–574.     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelleExperimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations for electro-osmosis and electro-filtration phenomena on a saturated clay

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.