舰艇作战系统校准间隔优化研究

校准间隔优化是舰艇作战系统动态对准理论的重要组成。针对目前作战系统校准间隔确定缺乏理论支撑、历史对准误差数据使用率较低的情况,本文根据历史对准误差数据的特点,提出了利用EEMD-LSSVM-BP组合预测的校准间隔优化方法。首先利用EEMD将对准误差数据分解成若干不同频率的分量,分解后的各分量通过LSSVM进行预测,LSSVM的相关参数由QDE算法优化获得,各预测分量通过BP神经网络进行非线性重构,得到最终的预测结果,最后根据预测值对校准间隔进行优化调整。仿真实例表明,组合预测方法比单独的预测方法具有更高的精度,可以应用于作战系统校准间隔的优化过程。     

基于MCKD-EEMD近似熵和TWSVM的齿轮箱故障诊断

在复杂环境下齿轮箱信号往往会淹没在噪声信号中,特征向量难以提取;为了有效地进行故障诊断,提出了基于最大相关反褶积(MCKD)总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)近似熵和双子支持向量机(TWSVM)的齿轮箱故障诊断方法;首先采用MCKD方法对强噪声信号进行滤波处理,在采用EEMD方法对齿轮箱信号进行分解,分解后得到本征模函数(IMF)分量进行近似熵求解,得到齿轮特征向量,最后将其输入到TWSVM分类器中进行故障识别;仿真实验表明,采用MCKD-EEMD方法能够有效地提取原始信号,与其他分类器相比,TWSVM的计算时间短,分类效果好等优点。     

基于PSO优化LSSVM的未知模型混沌系统控制

由于混沌系统存在非线性、不确定性等特点, 常规的控制方法难以获得满意的结果. 提出一种基于PSO优化LSSVM模型参数的混沌系统控制方法. 该方法利用PSO算法的收敛速度快和全局收敛能力, 优化LSSVM模型的惩罚因子和核函数参数, 避免了人为选择参数的盲目性, 提高了LSSVM模型的预测精度. 另外, 该方法不需要被控混沌系统的解析模型, 且当测量噪声存在情况下控制仍然有效. 仿真实验结果表明了该方法的有效性和可行性. 关键词： 混沌系统控制 粒子群算法 最小二乘支持向量机     

基于小波包分解和EMD-SVM的轴承故障诊断方法

针对轴承振动信号具有的非平稳和故障诊断样本数据难以按需获取的问题,设计了一种基于小波包分解和EMD-SVM的故障诊断方法。首先,采用Mallat塔式算法对信号进行降噪,实现信号的小波分解,获得重构后的故障诊断子频带信号。然后,在经典的EMD算法的基础上定义了改进的EMD算法,采用改进的EMD算法对经过小波包降噪的故障诊断子频带信号进行特征提取,从而获得故障诊断特征向量。最后,采用适合小样本分类的SVM进行故障诊断,将经过小波包降噪和EMD特征提取的样本数据用于训练SVM,得到用于故障诊断的多个二分类SVM故障诊断模型,通过投票机制来确定样本数据最终对应的故障诊断类别。在Matlab环境下对轴承故障诊断进行实验,实验结果证明了文中基于小波包和EMD-SVM的方法一种适用于小样本的故障诊断方法,且与其它方法相比,具有诊断效率高和精度高的优点。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的分数阶混沌系统控制

提出了基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的分数阶混沌系统控制方法.基于分数阶线性系统稳定理论,通过线性分离的方法将系统分解为稳定的线性部分和相应的非线性部分,再利用支持向量机良好的非线性函数逼近和泛化能力设计了主动控制器,对非线性部分进行补偿,从而将分数阶混沌系统控制到平衡点.分别以分数阶Liu系统和分数阶Chen系统为例进行了仿真研究,表明该方法是有效和可行的.     

基于LabVIEW的太赫兹时域光谱分析软件

针对目前太赫兹光谱仪的数据采集和数据处理软件不能兼容的情况,设计了一个基于LabVIEW软件平台的THz时域光谱分析软件。主要研究了THz时域光谱系统的反射式以及透射式样品光学信息提取算法、支持向量机分类算法、以及偏最小二乘等分析算法以及它们的LabVIEW实现。该软件采用全LabVIEW代码实现,能够实现样品光学信息提取,物质分类识别以及多组分样品浓度分析,并且具有很高的移植性,可扩展性,与数据采集软件具有很好的兼容性。利用该光谱分析软件,分析了三种塑化剂的THz时域光谱信号,得到了它们在THz波段的折射率和吸收系数, 结果表明三种塑化剂可以用THz时域光谱完全区分,软件运行稳定可靠。     

基于可见/近红外光谱和数据驱动的机器学习方法测量土壤有机质和总氮

土壤养分直接关系到作物产量与品质状况，然而传统化学方法检测存在化学试剂消耗大、耗时费力等问题，不能满足精细农业的需求。快速获取土壤养分信息是发展精细农业、绿色农业的关键，想要了解土壤肥力状况，必须先了解有机质和总氮的含量状况。许多研究表明，长波近红外光谱被广泛应用于土壤检测领域，然而短波可见/近红外光谱在土壤有机质和总氮的研究上却非常罕见。以江西省吉安市安福县和南昌市新建区的四个村庄作为研究区，根据2×2网格法采集了深度为10～30cm的棕壤、红壤和水稻土三种最为典型的土壤样品共180份。经过研磨、风干等处理后用四分法均匀划分为两份，用于测定样品光谱信息和理化信息。将土壤样品按照2∶1(120∶60)划分为建模集和预测集。考虑到首尾端波段噪声较大，故去除325～349和1 051～1 075nm波段，将350～1 050nm波段用于光谱分析。通过连续投影算法(SPA)筛选出有机质12个特征波长点，总氮11个特征波长点，考虑到土壤光谱信息与土壤理化性质之间可能存在非线性联系，建立全波段与特征波长的线性偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型和非线性最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)模型对土壤有机质...     

基于改进蜂群算法的果酒总黄酮软测量模型

针对RBF神经网络和支持向量机对果酒总黄酮软测量过程中,存在速度慢和精度低的缺点,提出了基于改进人工蜂群算法的果酒总黄酮软测量模型。该模型利用混沌变量的遍历性和随机性特点,对标准人工蜂群算法进行改进,在种群初始化阶段引入混沌机制,确保个体分布的均匀性,并用信息素和灵敏度模型代替轮盘赌选择策略,使模型避免了过早收敛和提前停滞。仿真实验结果表明,该模型提高了果酒总黄酮软测量的精度,具有收敛速度快,抗噪性较强的特点,便于实现果酒总黄酮的在线测量。     

基于SVM集成学习的网络故障诊断方法

针对现有SVM多分类方法在网络故障诊断中识别精度较低的问题,本文提出一种基于二叉树结构和模型二重扰动的SVM集成学习算法。通过集成学习思想提高网络故障诊断的精度。在集成过程中对二叉树结构和核参数进行扰动,加大个体分类器的差异度,提升了诊断模型的泛化性。在实际网络中的诊断实验表明所提的方法较二叉树等其它SVM多分类方法具有更高的诊断精度。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的混沌控制

利用支持向量机良好的非线性函数逼近和泛化能力，提出基于最小二乘支持向量机非线性补偿的混沌控制新方法.应用最小二乘支持向量机离线辨识混沌系统的非线性部分，并用辨识模型补偿系统的非线性，同时应用线性状态反馈控制混沌系统.对三种典型连续混沌系统的仿真研究表明，提出的控制方法可以有效的控制混沌系统到达设定的目标状态，并且由线性状态反馈控制器构成的闭环系统稳定. 关键词： 混沌控制 支持向量机 最小二乘支持向量机 状态反馈 稳定性     

Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on VMD-MPE and PSO-SVM

The goal of the paper is to present a solution to improve the fault detection accuracy of rolling bearings. The method is based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) and the particle swarm optimization-based support vector machine (PSO-SVM). Firstly, the original bearing vibration signal is decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) by using the VMD method, and the feature energy ratio (FER) criterion is introduced to reconstruct the bearing vibration signal. Secondly, the multiscale permutation entropy of the reconstructed signal is calculated to construct multidimensional feature vectors. Finally, the constructed multidimensional feature vector is fed into the PSO-SVM classification model for automatic identification of different fault patterns of the rolling bearing. Two experimental cases are adopted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve a higher identification accuracy compared with some similar available methods (e.g., variational mode decomposition-based multiscale sample entropy (VMD-MSE), variational mode decomposition-based multiscale fuzzy entropy (VMD-MFE), empirical mode decomposition-based multiscale permutation entropy (EMD-MPE) and wavelet transform-based multiscale permutation entropy (WT-MPE)).     

Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Based on 1D-CNN Model

To satisfy the requirements of the end-to-end fault diagnosis of rolling bearings, a hybrid model, based on optimal SWD and 1D-CNN, with the layer of multi-sensor data fusion, is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the BAS optimal algorithm is adopted to obtain the optimal parameters of SWD. After that, the raw signals from different channels of sensors are segmented and preprocessed by the optimal SWD, whose name is BAS-SWD. By which, the sensitive OCs with higher values of spectrum kurtosis are extracted from the raw signals. Subsequently, the improved 1D-CNN model based on VGG-16 is constructed, and the decomposed signals from different channels are fed into the independent convolutional blocks in the model; then, the features extracted from the input signals are fused in the fusion layer. Finally, the fused features are processed by the fully connected layers, and the probability of classification is calculated by the cross-entropy loss function. The result of comparative experiments, based on different datasets, indicates that the proposed model is accurate, effective, and has a good generalization ability.     

基于拉普拉斯分值和超球支持向量机的轴承故障诊断方法设计

针对轴承振动信号中的故障信息往往很微弱,同时振动样本数据分布不平衡即故障样本占总样本数的比例低,从而导致故障诊断模型训练不精确而影响诊断精度的问题,提出了一种基于拉普拉斯分值和超球大间隔支持向量机的故障诊断方法。首先,采用有标签的训练样本数据和拉普拉斯分值法提取原始振动信号中的微弱故障信息,并降低其数据维数,从而得到用于故障诊断的特征向量,然后设计了一种改进的超球大间隔支持向量机的故障诊断模型,通过最小化超球体积和最大化超球边界和故障样本之间的间隔来实现故障诊断,以解决样本的不均衡问题,最终通过将测试样本数据代入决策方程并通过投票机制确定其故障类别。在Matlab环境下对轴承故障诊断进行实验,实验结果证明了文中方法能有效解决样本的不均衡情况下的故障诊断,且相对其它方法,具有诊断精度高和收敛速度快的优点。     

Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on WOA-VMD-MPE and MPSO-LSSVM

In order to further improve the accuracy of fault identification of rolling bearings, a fault diagnosis method based on the modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm optimized least square support vector machine (LSSVM), combining parameter optimization variational mode decomposition (VMD) and multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE), was proposed. Firstly, to solve the problem of insufficient decomposition and mode mixing caused by the improper selection of mode component K and penalty factor α in VMD algorithm, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) was used to optimize the penalty factor and mode component number in the VMD algorithm, and the optimal parameter combination (K, α) was obtained. Secondly, the optimal parameter combination (K, α) was used for the VMD of the rolling bearing vibration signal to obtain several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). According to the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) criterion, the optimal IMF component was selected, and its optimal multi-scale permutation entropy was calculated to form the feature set. Finally, K-fold cross-validation was used to train the MPSO-LSSVM model, and the test set was input into the trained model for identification. The experimental results show that compared with PSO-SVM, LSSVM, and PSO-LSSVM, the MPSO-LSSVM fault diagnosis model has higher recognition accuracy. At the same time, compared with VMD-SE, VMD-MPE, and PSO-VMD-MPE, WOA-VMD-MPE can extract more accurate features.     

A New Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Based on Markov Transition Field and CNN

The rolling bearing is a crucial component of the rotating machine, and it is particularly vital to ensure its normal operation. In addition, the selection of different category features will add uncertainty and bias to the classification results. In order to decrease the interference of these factors to fault diagnosis, a new method that automatically learns the features of the data combined with Markov transition field (MTF) and convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed in this paper, namely MTF-CNN. The MTF contributes to convert the original time series into corresponding figures, and the CNN is used to extract the deep feature information in the figure to complete the fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by two public data sets. The experimental results show that MTF-CNN can classify different types of faults, and the highest accuracy rate can reach 100%. Likewise, the classification accuracy of this method is higher than some existing methods.     

Composite Multivariate Multi-Scale Permutation Entropy and Laplacian Score Based Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing

As a powerful tool for measuring complexity and randomness, multivariate multi-scale permutation entropy (MMPE) has been widely applied to the feature representation and extraction of multi-channel signals. However, MMPE still has some intrinsic shortcomings that exist in the coarse-grained procedure, and it lacks the precise estimation of entropy value. To address these issues, in this paper a novel non-linear dynamic method named composite multivariate multi-scale permutation entropy (CMMPE) is proposed, for optimizing insufficient coarse-grained process in MMPE, and thus to avoid the loss of information. The simulated signals are used to verify the validity of CMMPE by comparing it with the often-used MMPE method. An intelligent fault diagnosis method is then put forward on the basis of CMMPE, Laplacian score (LS), and bat optimization algorithm-based support vector machine (BA-SVM). Finally, the proposed fault diagnosis method is utilized to analyze the test data of rolling bearings and is then compared with the MMPE, multivariate multi-scale multiscale entropy (MMFE), and multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE) based fault diagnosis methods. The results indicate that the proposed fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing can achieve effective identification of fault categories and is superior to comparative methods.     

基于转辙机牵引力和PSO-SVM的道岔故障诊断研究

随着高速铁路的快速发展,道岔故障频发,成为一直是急需解决的重大安全问题。首先从道岔的运行原理出发,研究了转辙机拉力对道岔的影响;然后进行了转辙机的电动机的功率和电流参数的比较,结果表明,转辙机拉力更能直观反映道岔的运行情况;最后提出了用转辙机拉力参数实现基于粒子群算法优化支持向量机(PSO-SVM)的道岔故障诊断算法。经过对实际数据的处理,表明此种诊断方法对道岔的故障有较好的分辨能力。     

基于粒子滤波状态估计的滚动轴承故障识别方法

提出了一种基于粒子滤波状态估计的滚动轴承故障识别方法,该方法主要包括故障模型建立和故障识别两个步骤。在故障模型建立部分,首先依据滚动轴承不同故障状态下的振动信号,建立对应的自回归模型,作为故障模型;在故障识别部分,将正常状态下对应的模型,转化为状态空间模型,设计粒子滤波器,然后对不同的故障状态进行估计,提取其残差的相关特征,并结合模型参数特征应用BP神经网络识别算法进行故障识别。最后以美国凯斯西储大学的滚动轴承振动数据为例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

A Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on PAVME and MEDE

When rolling bearings have a local fault, the real bearing vibration signal related to the local fault is characterized by the properties of nonlinear and nonstationary. To extract the useful fault features from the collected nonlinear and nonstationary bearing vibration signals and improve diagnostic accuracy, this paper proposes a new bearing fault diagnosis method based on parameter adaptive variational mode extraction (PAVME) and multiscale envelope dispersion entropy (MEDE). Firstly, a new method hailed as parameter adaptive variational mode extraction (PAVME) is presented to process the collected original bearing vibration signal and obtain the frequency components related to bearing faults, where its two important parameters (i.e., the penalty factor and mode center-frequency) are automatically determined by whale optimization algorithm. Subsequently, based on the processed bearing vibration signal, an effective complexity evaluation approach named multiscale envelope dispersion entropy (MEDE) is calculated for conducting bearing fault feature extraction. Finally, the extracted fault features are fed into the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) to automatically identify different health conditions of rolling bearing. Case studies and contrastive analysis are performed to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can not only effectively extract bearing fault features, but also obtain a high identification accuracy for bearing fault patterns under single or variable speed.