A statistical-mechanical theory of slow dynamics near the glass transition

A statistical-mechanical theory of slow dynamics near the glass transition in two kinds of glass-forming systems, (M) molecular systems and (S) suspensions of colloids, is presented from a unified point of view based on the Tokuyama-Mori projection operator method. The exact diffusion equations for the coherent- and the incoherent-intermediate scattering functions are first derived, whose memory functions are convolutionless in time and contain the correlation effects due to the hydrodynamic interactions in (S). The analytic expressions of the memory functions are then calculated within the mode-coupling theory (MCT) approximation and are shown to coincide with the conventional ones obtained by MCT. Alternative mode-coupling equations are thus obtained in (M) and (S) separately. Self-diffusion is also discussed. Alternative equations for the mean-square displacement and the non-Gaussian parameter are also derived within MCT approximation. All results in both the systems are compared with those obtained by MCT.     

Long-Time Tails, Weak Localization, and Classical and Quantum Critical Behavior

An overview is given of the long-time and long-distance behavior of correlation functions in both classical and quantum statistical mechanics. After a simple derivation of the classical long-time tails in equilibrium time correlation functions, we discuss analogous long-distance phenomena in nonequilibrium classical systems. The paper then draws analogies between these phenomena and similar effects in quantum statistical mechanics, with emphasis on the soft modes that underly long-time tails and related phenomena. We also elucidate the interplay between critical phenomena and long-time tails, using the classical liquid-gas critical point and the quantum ferromagnetic transition as examples.     

Anharmonic phonons and structural phase transitions

Exact results for the order parameter and the meansquare displacement as functions of temperature are given for a quantum interacting phonon Hamiltonian with quartic anharmonicities. Upper bounds for the transition temperature are also derived. Approximate theories including the mean field approximation, the random phase approximation (or quasiharmonic approximation) and the self consistent approach (using Blume-Hubbard scheme) are compared with our exact results. The mean field approximation for the meansquare displacement is found to violate our bounds.The classical value is shown to form a lower bound for the kinetic energy. Upper bounds for the kinetic energy are obtained showing the region of temperature in which the use of the high temperature expansion of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is justified. Comparison of the Hamiltonian and our results with electron-paramagnetic-resonance measurements are discussed.     

Alternative interpretation of sharply rising E0 strengths in transitional regions

It is shown that strong 0(+)(2)-->0(+)(1) E0 transitions provide a clear signature of phase transitional behavior in finite nuclei. Calculations using the interacting-boson approximation (IBA) show that these transition strengths exhibit a dramatic and robust increase in spherical-deformed shape transition regions, that this rise matches well the existing data, that the predictions of these E0 transitions remain large in deformed nuclei, that they arise from the specific d-boson coherence in the wave functions, and do not necessarily require the explicit mixing of normal and intruder configurations from different IBA spaces.     

First-Order-Like Transition of Dye Laser Colored Gain Model

A unified colored-noise approximation, a novel approximative theory, is applied to solve the colored gain model for dye laser. The stationary probability of the colored gain model is derived. The first-order-like transition is discussed. The effect of the noise correlation time τ on the first-order-like transition is analysed. It's found that the size of the regions in the parameter plane is related with r and three different regions are turned into two different regions in the parameter plane as r >> 1/2a₁. By comparison, we find that the res.ults of the unified colored-noise approximation are more close to simulation's results than those of the best Fokker-Planck equation.     

Geometric Mean of States and Transition Amplitudes

The transition amplitude between square roots of states, which is an analogue of Hellinger integral in classical measure theory, is investigated in connection with operator-algebraic representation theory. A variational expression based on geometric mean of positive forms is utilized to obtain an approximation formula for transition amplitudes.     

A justification for the use of approximate transition amplitudes in semiclassical surface hopping

Recent work has shown that a certain surface hopping form of the wave function is capable of obtaining highly accurate transition probabilities for nonadiabatic problems. It has also been found that it is necessary to include hops in classically forbidden regions in order to obtain this level of accuracy at low energies. The amplitude for the hops in this surface hopping expansion of the wave function has the typical p^?1/2 semiclassical divergence at the turning points in the classical motion. While this singularity is an integrable divergence, the divergent behavior complicates the numerical evaluation of the integrals over hopping points that is present in the surface hopping expressions. Numerical evidence has shown that only small errors are incurred at most energies if these singular hopping amplitudes are replaced with a nonsingular approximation. This agreement is surprising, since the exact and approximate amplitudes differ greatly in the turning point region, and this region is expected to make important contributions to the transition probability at low energies. A numerical analysis is presented in this work that provides a justification as to why this numerically useful approximation works as well as it does.     

Effects of memory on scaling behaviour of Kardar--Parisi--Zhang equation

In order to describe the time delay in the surface roughing process the Kardar-Parisis-Zhang (KPZ) equation with memory effects is constructed and analysed using the dynamic renormalization group and the power counting mode coupling approach by Chattopadhyay [2009 Phys. Rev. E 80 011144]. In this paper, the scaling analysis and the classical self-consistent mode-coupling approximation are utilized to investigate the dynamic scaling behaviour of the KPZ equation with memory effects. The values of the scaling exponents depending on the memory parameter are calculated for the substrate dimensions being 1 and 2, respectively. The more detailed relationship between the scaling exponent and memory parameter reveals the significant influence of memory effects on the scaling properties of the KPZ equation.     

Renormalized theory of the time-dependent pair distribution function. I. General formulation

A classical renormalized theory of a time-dependent pair-distribution function (TDPDF), previously introduced by Oppenheim and Bloom, is presented. An equation of motion for the TDPDF is derived in which the memory function of the system appears. This is then split into a part which contains only static correlation functions and a part which describes the dynamics. The mean field approximation is discussed in some detail and contact is made witn the theory of Oppenheim and Bloom.Work supported in part by a National Research Council of Canada operating grant.     

一维互作用扭折-声子气体的统计理论

本文系统地研究并改进了位移型相变中一维互作用扭折-声子气体模型的统计理论。通过对扭折和声子的配分函数各自采用适当的路径积分表式并改进声子路径积分的计算方法,得到一个较合理且较普遍的巨配分函数表达式。在基态近似下,它可简化为一个与文献[6]相似的结果;在经典近似下,由它计算出的平均扭折密度与计算机模拟实验结果比文献上的符合得要好。     

Quantum-classical correspondence in the wave functions of andreev billiards

We present a classical and quantum mechanical study of an Andreev billiard with a chaotic normal dot. We demonstrate that the nonexact velocity reversal and the diffraction at the edges of the normal-superconductor contact render the classical dynamics of these systems mixed indicating the limitations of a widely used retracing approximation. We point out the close relation between the mixed classical phase space and the properties of the quantum states of Andreev billiards, including periodic orbit scarring and localization of the wave function onto other classical phase space objects such as intermittent regions and quantized tori.     

On the classic heat conduction in the chromosphere-corona transition region of the solar atmosphere

The distribution of the temperature versus the thickness in the chromosphere-corona transition region of the solar atmosphere on the assumption that the plasma heating by classical heat flux is balanced by the energy loss by radiation. It is shown that the transition region between the corona and chromosphere is a thin layer, to which, however, a simple collision approximation may be applied.     

Time correlation functions in classical dense fluids

The velocity autocorrelation functions and memory functions of dense classical fluids may be directly obtained from the static radial distribution function g(r) in an approximate way. Following the Mori projection operator formalism, the memory functions may be related to the fluctuating force correlation. At low densities, these functions may be evaluated by following the trajectories of particle pairs in the interatomic potential. At higher densities, the force correlation functions can be evaluated approximately from particle pair trajectories via the potential of the mean force. The contributions to the memory function come mainly from particle pairs with rather specific and rather short interatomic distances. At higher temperatures, this specific distance is even shorter, hence the memory function decays quickly with time. At lower temperatures, a negative region of the memory function may develop. On the other hand, there is relatively little density dependence of the normalized memory function. The results for argon fluids at various densities and temperatures agree satisfactorily with the molecular dynamics and the Enskog values. The decrease of the diffusion coefficient with density is partly due to the nature of g(r) which reflects the stronger clustering of atoms at higher densities.     

Effect of quantum fluctuations on the dipolar motion of bose-einstein condensates in optical lattices

We reexamine dipolar motion of condensate atoms in one-dimensional optical lattices and harmonic magnetic traps including quantum fluctuations within the truncated Wigner approximation. In the strong tunneling limit we reproduce the mean field results with a sharp dynamical transition at the critical displacement. When the tunneling is reduced, on the contrary, strong quantum fluctuations lead to finite damping of condensate oscillations even at infinitesimal displacement. We argue that there is a smooth crossover between the chaotic classical transition at finite displacement and the superfluid-to-insulator phase transition at zero displacement. We further analyze the time dependence of the density fluctuations and of the coherence of the condensate and find several nontrivial dynamical effects, which can be observed in the present experimental conditions.     

Linear quantum Enskog equation. I. Homogeneous quantum fluids

The quantum-statistical generalization of the well-known classical, linear revised Enskog equation is derived for spatially uniform systems. This new quantum kinetic equation allows the study of equilibrium time correlation functions and their associated transport coefficients of normal quantum fluids where static correlations and degeneracy effects due to particle statistics (both are treated exactly) are important. Furthermore, we derive the quantum-statistical analog of the classical ring operator. These microscopic and systematic derivations are based on a recently developed superoperator formalism (including cluster expansion techniques) that, as a main feature, allows a clear distinction between static and dynamic correlations, which is crucial in the discussion of the Enskog approximation.     

The coupling between translational and rotational motions

The coupling between molecular reorientation and translational displacement is studied in a fluid of rough spheres. The correlation functions frequently encountered in thermal neutron scattering and laser light scattering are computed using a binary collision approximation. These are compared with the corresponding uncoupled results. In the diffusion limit coupled and uncoupled diffusion coefficients are found. The Hubbard relation is generalized. The maximum deviation between the coupled and uncoupled results occur for wavenumbers commonly found in thermal neutron scattering. The ratio of uncoupled and coupled correlation times displays regions where translation-rotation coupling is clearly important. In these regions there are important differences in the computed coupled and uncoupled correlation functions.     

Memory effects in dynamical many-body systems: The isomnesic (constant-memory) approximation

Exact numerical solutions of a generalized master equation for a system involving a temporally localizable memory kernel and a constant one are presented. Comparison with an isomnesic (constant memory) approximation, with the memory kernel reduced to the sum of a local and a constant term gives excellent agreement. A Markovian version of the problem is also described and found to be inherently ambiguous, devoid of significant physical features seen in the transient regions, but leading to the same steady-state as the isomnesic approximation.     

Relativistic BBGKY Theory and Collision Integral of Generalized Boltzmann Equation in a Relativistic Magnetized Plasma

Usually, only Coulomb interactions between charged particles which are independent of time are considered in BBGKY theory of a nonrelativistic plasma. In relativistic case, the induced electromagnetic forces between charged particles which are dependent on time obviously should be considered. A Lorentz-covariant generalized n-time Liouville equation for classical plasma is established. A convenient form applicable to the laboratory frame of this equation is also given. The relativistic BBGKY hierarchy is developed in which both Coulomb and electromagnetic forces between particles are included. A method for solving the relativistic pair correlation equation is given in polarization approximation. A new formula for calculating collision integral in terms of discrete particle Green functions is given. A number of generalized Boltzmann equations for relativistic plasmas are derived.     

Projection operator formulation for second order response

Combined first and second order dynamic susceptibilities for a set of observables are expressed by a matrix resolvent operator in Liouville-space. A well-defined triangular projector is introduced to rewrite second order susceptibilities in terms of frequencies and memory functions. For these a Markovian type of approximation is established and connected with quantities of first order response.     

Quantum recognition of eigenvalues,structure of devices,and thermodynamic properties

Quantum algorithms that speed up their classical counterparts are proposed for the following problems: recognition of eigenvalues with a fixed precision, recognition of molecular and electronic device structures, and the finding of thermodynamic functions. We mainly consider structures that generate sparse spectra. These algorithms require a time from about the square root to the logarithm of the time of the classical analogues, and they provide exponential savings in memory for the first three problems. For example, the time required for distinguishing two devices with the same given spectrum is about the seventh root of the time of the direct classical method, and about the sixth root for the recognition of an eigenvalue. Microscopic quantum devices can therefore recognize molecular structures and physical properties of environment faster than large classical computers.