粮谷中双苯唑菌醇残留量的液相色谱-质谱/质谱检测

建立了糙米、玉米、大麦、小麦、荞麦、大米、高粱、燕麦中双苯唑菌醇残留量的液相色谱-质谱/质谱测定方法.样品经乙腈提取,氨基(NH2)固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱-质谱/质谱仪测定,外标法定量.方法的定量下限为0.025 mg/kg,粮谷样品在0.025、0.050、0.500 mg/kg添加水平的平均回收率为 79% ～92%,相对标准偏差为4.8% ～10.8%,可以满足进出口谷物中双苯唑菌醇残留量的检测需要.     

超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用法测定人血浆中的辛伐他汀

建立了超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定人血浆中辛伐他汀的浓度。血浆样品经乙醚-正己烷-异丙醇(体积比为80∶20∶3)提取,以洛伐他汀为内标,采用ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)分离,以乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(体积比为85∶15)为流动相,流速为0.25 mL/min,通过电喷雾离子化,采用多反应监测(MRM)方式进行正离子检测。线性范围为0.051～20.4 ng/mL,日内及日间测定的相对标准偏差不高于10%,平均回收率为91.6%。方法灵敏度高,分析速度快,操作简便,适用于辛伐他汀药物动力学和生物等效性研究。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测血液斑痕中磺酰脲类降糖药

建立了血液斑痕中格列本脲,格列美脲,格列吡嗪的液相色谱-质谱检验法。选用ACQUITY UPLC HSS C18(2.1×50 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,使用0.1%甲酸水-乙腈体系作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用ESI+电喷雾离子源,多反应监测扫描模式(MRM)检测3种磺酰脲类降糖药。在最优条件下,磺酰脲类降糖药在1.25~250 ng/patch(swab)范围内有良好线性关系,保留时间依次为2.90,3.00,2.34 min。检出限为0.1 ng/mL。渗透性客体上药物的回收率随着浓度的增大而增大,非渗透性客体上药物的回收率随着浓度的增大而减小。日内与日间精密度均小于15%,基质效应在0.85~1.15之间。可用于血液斑痕中格列本脲,格列美脲,格列吡嗪的快速筛查。     

果蔬中8种苯甲酰脲类农药残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了果汁蔬菜中8种苯甲酰脲类(杀虫脲、氟苯脲、氟虫脲、氟啶脲、除虫脲、氟铃脲、灭幼脲、氟丙氧脲)农药残留量的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI MS/MS)测定方法。样品用乙腈提取后无需净化,经盐析过滤并以水稀释(1∶1)后,经Waters Atlantis(d C18色谱柱分离,5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈梯度洗脱,以电喷雾电离串联质谱在负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定并确证,外标法定量。8种苯甲酰脲类农药在1.0~100μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.990 0~0.999 9。对8种农药在毛豆基质中3个添加水平下的回收率进行测定,平均回收率为92%~110%,相对标准偏差为5.5%~12%。方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.04~0.42μg/kg,定量下限(S/N=10)为0.2~1.5μg/kg。     

头发中内源性类固醇激素的气相色谱-串联质谱分析

建立了建康人头发中内源性类固醇兴奋剂睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮、苯胆烷醇酮和脱氢表雄酮的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。头发经碱水解后,以乙醚提取,经衍生化后采用GC-MS/MS的多反应监测模式(MRM)分析。方法的线性关系良好,检出限达0.1～0.2 pg/mg;提取回收率为74.6%～104.5%;日内测定的准确度为90.1%～113.7%,日内及日间测定的精密度均小于17.5%。应用所建立的方法测定了80例中国健康人头发中睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮、苯胆烷醇酮和脱氢表雄酮的生理水平,为内源性类固醇兴奋剂滥用的判断提供了方法和基础数据。     

水中苯氧羧酸类除草剂的液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法研究

建立了固相萃取(SPE)/超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水中8种苯氧羧酸类除草剂残留的方法。过滤后的样品经HLB固相萃取柱富集净化后,采用BEH C18柱,以2 mmol/L乙酸铵-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用串联质谱进行检测。8种苯氧羧酸类除草剂在0.8～100μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.995 8～0.999 6),回收率为74%～90%,相对标准偏差为1.0%～12.0%,方法检出限(3S)为1.0～1.8 ng/L。该方法快速、灵敏,适用于水体中8种苯氧羧酸类除草剂残留的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查及定量分析保健品中11种非法添加降糖药物

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱建立了保健品中11种非法添加化学降糖药(那格列奈、盐酸吡格列酮、格列喹酮、格列齐特、格列吡嗪、格列本脲、盐酸二甲双胍、瑞格列奈、盐酸苯乙双胍、盐酸罗格列酮、格列美脲)的快速筛查和定量分析方法。样品采用甲醇提取,C18色谱柱(100 mm×4.6 mm, 2.7 μm)分离,用10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈进行梯度洗脱,正离子模式扫描。化合物一级质谱的分辨率为70000,二级质谱分辨率为17500。实验结果表明,11种化合物在0.005~0.5 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性(线性相关系数均大于0.99),各降糖类药物检出限为2.7~5.1 μg/kg,回收率为87.3%~98.3%,相对标准偏差为2.18%~5.21%。本方法具有准确、简便、快速的特点,可用于降糖类保健品中11种降糖药物的定性筛查和定量分析。     

气相色谱-离子阱质谱联用测定玩具中21种致敏性芳香剂

建立了气相色谱-离子阱质谱联用测定布绒、贴纸和塑料玩具中苯甲醇等21种致敏性芳香剂的方法。对于布绒和贴纸玩具样品,采用丙酮超声振荡提取20 min后过0.45 μm滤膜,经HP-1MS色谱柱(50 m×0.2 mm×0.5 μm)分离,离子阱质谱检测。对于塑料玩具样品,采取溶解-沉淀方式提取,经Envi-carb石墨化碳固相萃取小柱净化,旋蒸、氮吹浓缩,过0.45 μm滤膜后进行测定,外标法定量。方法对不同物质的定量限(LOQ)为0.02～40 mg/kg,线性范围为0.002～50 mg/L,低、中、高3个添加水平的平均回收率为82.2%～110.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6%～10.5%。该方法准确、灵敏,可用于玩具中苯甲醇等21种致敏性芳香剂含量的检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂

建立了猪肉中除虫脲、氟幼脲、杀铃脲、氟铃脲、氟酰脲、氟苯脲、虱螨脲、啶蜱脲、氟虫脲、氟啶脲10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂药物残留量测定的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱方法。样品采用丙酮-正己烷提取,经中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱仪多反应监测,外标法定量和质谱确证。10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂在5~200μg/L范围内响应与浓度的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9984;检测低限为5.0μg/kg;回收率范围为57.6%~110.0%,相对标准偏差在2.8%~12%(n=6)之间。方法满足国际上对苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂类药物最大残留限量的分析要求,已应于猪肉中苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂残留的检测。     

气相色谱-离子阱二级质谱对照高分辨质谱对食品中二噁英类多氯联苯的测定

确定了气相色谱-离子阱二级质谱在分析食品中12种二噁英类多氯联苯残留的定性参数;优化了分析过程的质谱条件;研究了实际样品(河豚、鳗鱼、甜虾、鸡脂肪、奶粉、猪肠衣)离子阱串联质谱测定值与高分辨质谱值的准确度差异.样品采用加速溶剂萃取方法提取、流体控制系统净化及离子阱二级质谱和高分辨质谱测定.两种方法测定值之间的回归方程和相关系数分别为:4种非邻位取代二噁英类多氯联苯,y=0.781 5x,r=0.933 1;8种邻位取代二噁英类多氯联苯,y=0.807 3x,r=0.996;样品中12种多氯联苯总毒性当量(Total TEQ):y=0.518 1x 0.125 5,r=0.992.离子阱二级质谱和高分辨质谱的检出限分别为0.5ng/kg和0.1ng/kg,样品中同位素内标的回收率为41%～102%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.