基于倍半硅氧烷的有机-无机杂化材料研究

有机-无机杂化材料兼具有机材料和无机材料的优点,是继单组份材料、复合材料和梯度材料之后的新一代功能材料。基于可以通过分子设计与剪裁的倍半硅氧烷(笼型倍半硅氧烷和无规倍半硅氧烷)无机前驱体,利用多种方法如反应性共混法、溶胶-凝胶法、光固化、原子转移自由基聚合、自组装技术等制备一系列高性能聚合物/倍半硅氧烷有机-无机纳米杂化材料。     

有机无机杂化膜材料的制备技术

有机无机杂化膜兼有机膜韧性和无机膜耐高温性能,具有优良的气体渗透选择性,成为高分子化学和材料科学等领域的研究热点.本文综述了近年来有机无机杂化膜材料的制备技术进展,着重探讨了溶胶-凝胶法制备聚酰亚胺类杂化膜材料的研究状况,并作了简要述评。     

有机-无机杂化氧化硅基介孔材料

有机基团可以通过嫁接或共聚的方法引入到氧化硅基介孔材料的孔表面或材料的骨架中,形成表面结合型和桥键型两大类有机-无机杂化氧化硅基介孔材料.本文综述了有机-无机杂化氧化硅基介孔材料的最新研究进展,介绍了其合成方法、应用及潜在的应用领域,详细总结了目前已报道的有机-无机杂化氧化硅基介孔材料的种类,展望了桥键型有机-无机杂化氧化硅基介孔材料的发展及应用前景.     

硫醇-烯/炔点击化学制备有机/无机杂化材料

有机/无机杂化材料因其独特、优异的结构和性能已经成为目前材料领域的研究热点,硫醇-烯/炔点击化学是近年发展起来的一类新型点击化学,以其反应条件温和、速率快、产率高、产物容易分离以及高度选择性等优点受到国内外研究者的广泛关注。本文综述了近年来硫醇-烯/炔点击化学制备有机/无机杂化材料的研究进展,重点介绍了利用硫醇-烯/炔点击化学制备硅类、碳类、金属及金属氧化物类有机/无机杂化材料,并归纳了这些有机/无机杂化材料在生物医用、环境保护、光电材料等方面的应用,最后展望了硫醇-烯/炔点击化学制备有机/无机杂化材料未来的发展方向。     

有机-无机杂化分离膜研究进展

有机-无机杂化膜材料结合了有机膜材料和无机膜材料的优良性能,已成为分离膜材料研究的一个热点。本文以有机、无机组分间相互作用类型对其进行分类,着重介绍组分间以化学键相结合的有机-无机杂化膜的优良特性,总结了影响此类杂化膜结构和性能的主要因素,概括了它在膜分离中的应用,提出了目前研究工作中存在的不足,并做出了简要的述评。     

有机-无机杂化介孔二氧化硅在环境保护中的应用

将有机基团通过后嫁接或共缩聚法引入到介孔二氧化硅的孔道表面或骨架中,根据有机基团在材料中的位置可得到表面结合型和桥键型两类功能化介孔材料.本文总结了有机-无机杂化介孔二氧化硅的分类及合成方法,重点介绍了该类材料作为吸附剂在环境保护中的应用,包括金属阳离子、含氧阴离子、有机污染物和气体的去除与回收.并展望了有机-无机杂化...     

锰钒氧无机-有机杂化材料

氧化锰、钒氧簇构筑块经与有机组分组合可形成新型结构的锰钒氧无机-有机杂化材料。人们预测锰钒氧无机-有机杂化材料将兼有金属锰配合物和钒氧无机-有机杂化材料结构的多样性、独特的物理性质和广阔的应用前景。本文综述了近年来锰钒氧无机-有机杂化材料的合成、组成、结构及有关性质的研究与进展。     

有机-无机杂化膜的研究进展

有机-无机杂化膜由于具备了无机膜和有机膜各自的特点,具有良好的分离特性和物化稳定性,因而成为当前膜技术领域新型膜材料研究的热点.本文主要介绍了近年来国内外有机-无机杂化膜的研究现状、杂化膜的制备方法、结构和应用.     

含钒无机有机杂化材料的合成、结构与性质

含钒无机有机杂化材料的结构复杂多样,在吸附、氧化还原、电化学、催化、光学、磁学以及多孔、手性材料研究等方面应用前景广阔,引起人们广泛关注。本文综述了含钒无机有机杂化材料研究的最新进展,介绍了合成含钒无机有机杂化材料的主要方法,按照有机组分与无机骨架作用的方式分类总结了含钒无机有机杂化材料的结构,介绍了其在离子交换、电化学、磁学、光学、催化等方面的应用,并展望了该类材料的研究前景和意义。     

化学键组装稀土/无机/有机聚合物杂化光功能材料的最新研究进展

本文针对近五年来光功能稀土/无机/有机聚合物杂化材料的最新进展进行了评述,其重点着眼于高分子化合物作为构筑基元的发光稀土杂化材料体系的化学键组装.内容主要涉及稀土有机高分子杂化材料、配位键构筑的稀土/无机/有机高分子杂化材料、共价键构筑的稀土/无机/有机高分子杂化材料、自由基聚合构筑的稀土/无机/有机高分子杂化材料几个重要方面.主要结合我们自己的近期研究工作,通过系统总结来展现该领域的研究现状并提出未来展望.     

An Update on the Use of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Beta-Blocker Drug Analysis as a Selective Separation Method in Biological and Environmental Analysis

Beta-blockers are antihypertensive drugs and can be abused by athletes in some sport competitions; it is therefore necessary to monitor beta-blocker levels in biological samples. In addition, beta-blocker levels in environmental samples need to be monitored to determine whether there are contaminants from the activities of the pharmaceutical industry. Several extraction methods have been developed to separate beta-blocker drugs in a sample, one of which is molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MIP-SPE). MIPs have some advantages, including good selectivity, high affinity, ease of synthesis, and low cost. This review provides an overview of the polymerization methods for synthesizing MIPs of beta-blocker groups. The methods that are still widely used to synthesize MIPs for beta-blockers are the bulk polymerization method and the precipitation polymerization method. MIPs for beta-blockers still need further development, especially since many types of beta-blockers have not been used as templates in the MIP synthesis process and modification of the MIP sorbent is required, to obtain high throughput analysis.     

High solid content latex: Preparation methods and application

One of the major challenges in emulsion polymerization over the past two decades was how to increase the solid content of latex products. In contrast to the conventional latex, high solid content (HSC) latex has a large volume fraction of dispersed phase, even larger than 70% in weight. Conventional emulsion polymerization, miniemulsion polymerization, self-emulsification polymerization and concentrated emulsion polymerization were all used to prepare HSC latexes, and many good results have been reported in recent years. Meanwhile, many applications of HSC latexes have also been developed. The present review summarized the progresses in the past few years mainly on the preparation methods and application of HSC latexes. Finally, some research directions as well as prospects were also proposed.     

Controlled Radical Polymerization: from Oxygen Inhibition and Tolerance to Oxygen Initiation

Molecular oxygen is a radical scavenger in both conventional and controlled radical polymerization(CRP), resulting in many time-consuming methods for physically removing oxygen before the polymerization. Different approaches have been developed to have oxygen tolerance by chemically consuming or converting molecular oxygen into non-initiating species to address this issue. Recently, we propose another approach called oxygen initiation that directly transforms molecular oxygen into the initiating...     

醋酸乙烯(VAc)的活性/可控自由基聚合

本文综述了醋酸乙烯(VAc)单体的活性/可控自由基聚合研究进展.醋酸乙烯是一种重要的单体,是生产聚醋酸乙烯(PVAc)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)的原料.传统的自由基聚合方法如溶液、乳液、悬浮和分散等都可以用来实现VAc的聚合,得到不同分子量的PVAc和PVA.由于醋酸乙烯增长自由基的高活性,存在向聚合物链的链转移从而导致聚合物的分子量分布比较宽,为了得到分子量分布更窄的聚合物,活性可控聚合方法也被用来实现VAc的聚合.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the thermal degradation for the synthesis of poly(norbornene sulfone)s by two different polymerization methods

The recent development of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) polymerization has seen a renaissance in its chemistry, especially poly(olefin sulfone)s from the copolymerization of SO₂, and unsaturated hydrocarbons can be found to have many applications, including transient electronic packaging, drug delivery, and electron beam‐resistant materials. In this work, a type of functional poly(norbornene sulfone) was synthesized via two different polymerization methods. Aiming to understanding the effects of different polymerization methods on poly(olefin sulfone)s and gain further understanding on the kinetics of poly(olefin sulfone)s's thermal instability, we investigated their detailed thermal degradation behaviors using thermogravimetry and analyzed the resultant kinetics in accordance with three kinetic models. The results supported the conclusion that although the poly(norbornene sulfone)s obtained have different activation energy, the thermal degradation kinetics are the same and also obey the D_n type. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚合物/量子点纳米复合材料的制备

量子点具有优异的光电性能,聚合物具有性质稳定、质轻、可加工性好等优点;将聚合物和量子点复合可综合两者的优点,同时还可使量子点的稳定性得以大幅度提高。得到的聚合物/量子点纳米复合材料应用领域广;其制备方法主要有简单易操作的直接分散法、在聚合物中原位生成量子点的原位生成法、在有量子点存在的聚合场所引发有机单体聚合的原位聚合法、层-层组装法以及在量子点表面直接修饰聚合物的表面直接修饰法。本文就这些制备方法进行了概要综述,并对各种方法的特点进行了总结。     

Tailoring macromolecular architecture with imidazole functionality: A perspective for controlled polymerization processes

Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) allows for the design and synthesis of functional polymers with tailored composition and unique macromolecular architectures. Synthetic methods that are readily available for controlled radical polymerization include nitroxide-mediated polymerization, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and atom transfer radical polymerization. N-Vinyl monomers that are typically amenable to free radical methods are often difficult to synthesize in a controlled manner to high molecular weight due to the lack of resonance stabilization of the propagating radical. However, recent advances in the field of CRP have resulted in successful controlled polymerization of various N-vinyl heterocyclic monomers including N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylphthalimide, and N-vinylindole. The incorporation of the imidazole ring into homopolymers and copolymers using conventional free radical polymerization of N-vinylimidazole monomer is particularly widespread and advantageous due to facile functionalization, high thermal stability, and the relevance of the imidazole ring to many biomacromolecules. Copolymers prepared with methyl methacrylate displayed random incorporation according to differential scanning calorimetry and amorphous morphologies according to X-ray scattering. Imidazole- and imidazolium-containing monomers have shown recent success for CRP; however, the controlled polymerization of N-vinylimidazole has remained relatively unexplored. Future efforts focus on the development of tailored imidazole-containing copolymers with well-defined architectures for emerging biomedical, electronic and membrane applications.     

超临界技术制备多孔聚合物微球及其应用

多孔聚合物微球被广泛应用在生物技术、医学工程、环境工程、食品安全、色谱填料等领域,因此受到材料科学家的广泛关注.超临界技术是一种廉价的绿色致孔技术,在多孔聚合物微球的制备方面具有广阔的发展前景.经悬浮聚合、乳液聚合、种子聚合、沉淀聚合等多种聚合方法合成聚合物微球,通过超临界干燥技术除去溶剂实现致孔,可得到高质量多孔聚合...     

Hyperbranched polyimides prepared by ideal A2+B3 polymerization,non-ideal A2+B3 polymerization and AB2 self-polymerization

In this paper, hyperbranched polyimides having the same repeating unit were synthesized by employing ideal A₂+B₃ polymerization, non-ideal A₂+B₃ polymerization and AB₂ self-polymerization methods. The polymerization behavior, polymer properties were compared for three methods. Hyperbranched polyimides by ideal A₂+B₃ polymerization, non-ideal A₂+B₃ polymerization and AB₂ self-polymerization methods show apparent difference in many physical properties, such as inherent viscosity, glass transition temperature, and film formation behavior etc. The hyperbranched polymers by the non-ideal A₂+B₃ polymerization are suitable for smooth, flexible and self-standing film preparation, which provides useful information for hyperbranched polymers toward self-standing materials.     

Recent progress on the synthesis of cyclic polymers via ring-expansion strategies

Cyclic polymers are the simplest topological isomers of linear macromolecules, but exhibit properties that differ from linear chains in ways that remain imperfectly understood. The difficulty of synthesizing appropriately pure and high molecular weight cyclic samples has hindered experimental studies. Ring-closure methods, while versatile, are inherently limited in the range of molecular weights that can be achieved. Ring-expansion methods are a much more promising strategy toward obtaining high molecular weight cyclic polymers. The current review focuses on recent developments in ring-expansion polymerization strategies toward the synthesis of high molecular weight cyclic polymers. Significant progress in the last decade has made the synthesis of cyclic polymers possible by a variety of methods, such as ruthenium- and tungsten-catalyzed ring-expansion metathesis polymerization, organocatalytic and Lewis acid-catalyzed zwitterionic polymerization, RAFT and nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization, among many others. While the study of cyclic polymers has long been hampered by synthetic challenges, the recent resurgence of interest in this field presents an exciting opportunity for chemists. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 2892–2902