Linear and 2-Frugal Choosability of Graphs of Small Maximum Average Degree

A proper vertex colouring of a graph G is 2-frugal (resp. linear) if the graph induced by the vertices of any two colour classes is of maximum degree 2 (resp. is a forest of paths). A graph G is 2-frugally (resp. linearly) L-colourable if for a given list assignment L:V(G)? 2^{\mathbb N}{L:V(G)\mapsto 2^{\mathbb N}} , there exists a 2-frugal (resp. linear) colouring c of G such that c(v) ? L(v){c(v) \in L(v)} for all v ? V(G){v\in V(G)} . If G is 2-frugally (resp. linearly) L-list colourable for any list assignment such that |L(v)| ≥ k for all v ? V(G){v\in V(G)}, then G is 2-frugally (resp. linearly) k-choosable. In this paper, we improve some bounds on the 2-frugal choosability and linear choosability of graphs with small maximum average degree.     

Induced-Universal Graphs for Graphs with Bounded Maximum Degree

For a family \(\mathcal {F}\) of graphs, a graph U is induced-universal for \({\mathcal{F}}\) if every graph in \({\mathcal{F}}\) is an induced subgraph of U. We give a construction for an induced-universal graph for the family of graphs on n vertices with degree at most r, which has \(Cn^{\lfloor (r+1)/2\rfloor}\) vertices and \(Dn^{2\lfloor (r+1)/2\rfloor -1}\) edges, where C and D are constants depending only on r. This construction is nearly optimal when r is even in that such an induced-universal graph must have at least cn ^r/2 vertices for some c depending only on r.Our construction is explicit in that no probabilistic tools are needed to show that the graph exists or that a given graph is induced-universal. The construction also extends to multigraphs and directed graphs with bounded degree.     

Weight Choosability of Graphs with Maximum Degree 4

Let k be a positive integer. A graph G is k-weight choosable if, for any assignment L(e)of k real numbers to each e ∈ E(G), there is a mapping f : E(G) → R such that f(uv) ∈ L(uv) and ■ for each uv ∈ E(G), where ?(v) is the set of edges incident with v. As a strengthening of the famous 1-2-3-conjecture, Bartnicki, Grytczuk and Niwcyk [Weight choosability of graphs. J. Graph Theory, 60, 242–256(2009)] conjecture that every graph without isolated edge is 3-weight choosable. This conjecture is wildly open and it is even unknown whether there is a constant k such that every graph without isolated edge is k-weight choosable. In this paper, we show that every connected graph of maximum degree 4 is 4-weight choosable.     

Bipartite Subgraphs of Graphs with Maximum Degree Three

We prove that for a connected graph G with maximum degree 3 there exists a bipartite subgraph of G containing almost of the edges of G. Furthermore, we completely characterize the set of all extremal graphs, i.e. all connected graphs G=(V, E) with maximum degree 3 for which no bipartite subgraph has more than of the edges; |E| denotes the cardinality of E. For 2-edge-connected graphs there are two kinds of extremal graphs which realize the lower bound . Received: July 17, 1995 / Revised: April 5, 1996     

Total-coloring of Sparse Graphs with Maximum Degree 6

Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series - Given a graph G = (V, E) and a positive integer k, a k-total-coloring of G is a mapping φ: V?E → {1, 2, ?, k} such that...     

Antimagic Properties of Graphs with Large Maximum Degree

An antimagic labeling of a graph with m edges and n vertices is a bijection from the set of edges to the integers such that all n vertex sums are pairwise distinct, where a vertex sum is the sum of labels of all edges incident with the same vertex. A graph is called antimagic if it has an antimagic labeling. In this article, we discuss antimagic properties of graphs that contain vertices of large degree. We also show that graphs with maximum degree at least are antimagic.     

Maximum Directed Cuts in Graphs with Degree Constraints

The Max Cut problem is an NP-hard problem and has been studied extensively. Alon et?al. (J Graph Theory 55:1–13, 2007) studied a directed version of the Max Cut problem and observed its connection to the Hall ratio of graphs. They proved, among others, that if an acyclic digraph has m edges and each vertex has indegree or outdegree at most 1, then it has a directed cut of size at least 2m/5. Lehel et?al. (J Graph Theory 61:140–156, 2009) extended this result by replacing the “acyclic digraphs” with the “digraphs containing no directed triangles”. In this paper, we characterize the acyclic digraphs with m edges whose maximum dicuts have exactly 2m/5 edges, and our approach gives an alternative proof of the result of Lehel et?al. We also show that there are infinitely many positive rational numbers β < 2/5 for which there exist digraphs D (with directed triangles) such that each vertex of D has indegree or outdegree at most 1, and any maximum directed cut in D has size precisely β|E(D)|.     

Equitable Total Coloring of Graphs with Maximum Degree 3

 The equitable total chromatic number χr d q u o; _e (G) of a graph G is the smallest integer k for which G has a total k-coloring such that the number of vertices and edges in any two color classes differ by at most one. We prove in this paper that χr d q u o; _e (G)≤5 if G is a multigraph with maximum degree at most 3. Received: February 24, 2000 Final version received: February 2, 2001 Acknowledgments. The author would like to thank the referee for valuable suggestions to improve this work.     

On Parsimonious Edge-Colouring of Graphs with Maximum Degree Three

In a graph G of maximum degree Δ, let γ denote the largest fraction of edges that can be Δ edge-coloured. Albertson and Haas showed that ${\gamma \geq \frac{13}{15}}$ when G is cubic. We show here that this result can be extended to graphs with maximum degree 3, with the exception of a graph on 5 vertices. Moreover, there are exactly two graphs with maximum degree 3 (one being obviously the Petersen graph) for which ${\gamma = \frac{13}{15}.}$ This extends a result given by Steffen. These results are obtained by using structural properties of the so called δ-minimum edge colourings for graphs with maximum degree 3.     

Sizes of Critical Graphs with Small Maximum Degrees

In this paper, we give new lower bounds for the size of Δ-critical graphs with Δ=8,9 which improve the partial results of Luo [6] and Y. Zhao [12].     

Superconnected and Hyperconnected Small Degree Transitive Graphs

A graph is said to be superconnected if every minimum vertex cut isolates a vertex. A graph is said to be hyperconnected if each minimum vertex cut creates exactly two components, one of which is an isolated vertex. In this paper, we characterize superconnected or hyperconnected vertex transitive graphs with degree 4 and 5. As a corollary, superconnected or hyperconnected planar transitive graphs are characterized.     

最大度为5的平面图是11-线性可染的

A linear coloring of a graph G is a proper vertex coloring such that the graph induced by the vertices of any two color classes is the union of vertex-disjoint paths.The linear chromatic number lc(G) o...     

小度数或大度数图中的匹配唯一图

本文完全刻画了每个顶点的度数小于等于2的图G或每个顶点的度数大于等于|V(G)|-3的图G中的匹配唯一图。     

最大度为4的图的无圈列表边染色

对于图G=(V(G),E(G)),如果一个映射φ:E(G)→{1,2,…,k},使得G中任意相邻的两边e₁,e₂满足φ(e₁)≠φ(e₂),并且G中不含有双色圈,则称φ为G的一个无圈边染色.对于给定的列表分配L={L(e)|e∈E(G)},如果存在图G的一个无圈边染色φ,使得对于任意边e∈E(G),均有φ(e)∈L(e),则称染色φ为G的一个无圈L-边染色.如果对于任意的列表分配L,当对所有的边e∈E(G)满足|L(e)|≥k时,图G均存在无圈L-边染色,那么称G是无圈k-边可选的.使图G无圈k-边可选的最小的正整数k,称为G的无圈列表边色数,用a’_l(G)表示.本文证明了对于最大度△≤4的连通图G,如果|E(G)|≤2|V(G)|-1,则a’_l(G)≤6,扩展了Basavaraju和Chandran文[J.Graph Theory,2009,61(3):192-209]的结果.     

Plane Graphs with Maximum Degree 6 are Edge-face 8-colorable

A plane graph G is edge-face k-colorable if the elements of \({E(G) \cup F(G)}\) can be colored with k colors so that any two adjacent or incident elements receive different colors. Sanders and Zhao conjectured that every plane graph with maximum degree Δ is edge-face (Δ +  2)-colorable and left the cases \({\Delta \in \{4, 5, 6\}}\) unsolved. In this paper, we settle the case Δ =  6. More precisely, we prove that every plane graph with maximum degree 6 is edge-face 8-colorable.     

Ramsey Numbers for Trees of Small Maximum Degree

For a tree T we write and , , for the sizes of the vertex classes of T as a bipartite graph. It is shown that for T with maximum degree , the obvious lower bound for the Ramsey number R(T,T) of is asymptotically the correct value for R(T,T). Received December 15, 1999 RID=" " ID=" " The first and third authors were partially supported by NSERC. The second author was partially supported by KBN grant 2 P03A 021 17.     

On Small Contractible Subgraphs in 3-connected Graphs of Small Average Degree

We study the distribution of small contractible subgraphs in 3-connected graphs under local regularity conditions.     

极小拟(k+1)连通图的最小度

给出了极小拟5连通图有围长大于或等于4的极小拟（k）＋1连通图的最小度。