Meson exchange corrections and properties of nuclear matter and neutron matter

A calculation of meson exchange corrections to the binding energy as function of the density is presented for nuclear matter and neutron matter. The framework is the application of non-covariant perturbation theory to a field theoretical Hamiltonian. Within a Brueckner-type approximation we restrict ourselves to the calculation of those meson exchange corrections which are due to one meson exchange and which produce no mass renormalization corrections. The results are reported in detail and the structure of the results is revealed. As a net effect, we find that our meson exchange corrections give a repulsion in nuclear matter yielding about 5 MeV less binding at the saturation point. For neutron matter, the effects are very small.     

Dispersion Relation of σ Meson and Pion at Finite Nuclear Density in Chiral σ Model

The propagators of pion and sigma meson at a finite nuclear density and zero temperature are studied in chiral σ model. Their dispersion relations are calculated numerically in one-loop approximation. In order to avoid the so-called tachyon pole appearing in the one-loop propagators of pion and sigma meson, we regard the mass of sigma meson m_σ as a free parameter and adjust it to fit the nuclear saturation properties. For m_σ equal to 3075 MeV, the tachyon pole does not appear at the normal nuclear density. Thus the dispersion relation can be calculated in chiral σ model in one-loop level for the first time.     

Energy Dependence of String Fragmentation Function and φ Meson Production

The φ meson productions in Au+Au and/or Pb+Pb collisions at AGS, SPS, RHIC, and LHC energies have been studied systematically with a hadron and string cascade model LUCIAE. After considering the energy dependence of the model parameter α in string fragmentation function and adjusting it to the experimental data of charged multiplicity to a certain extent, the model predictions for φ meson yield, rapidity, and transverse mass distributions are compatible with the experimental data at AGS, SPS and RHIC energies. A calculation for Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energy is given as well. The obtained fractional variable in string fragmentation function shows a saturation in energy dependence. It is discussed that the saturation of fractional variable in string fragmentation function might be a qualitative representation of the energy dependence of nuclear transparency.     

Magnetic moment of hyperons in nuclear matter by using quark–meson coupling models

We calculate the magnetic moments of hyperons in dense nuclear matter by using relativistic quark models. Hyperons are treated as MIT bags, and the interactions are considered to be mediated by the exchange of scalar and vector mesons which are approximated as mean fields. Model dependence is investigated by using the quark–meson coupling model and the modified quark–meson coupling model; in the former the bag constant is independent of density and in the latter it depends on density. Both models give us the magnitudes of the magnetic moments increasing with density for most octet baryons. But there is a considerable model dependence in the values of the magnetic moments in dense medium. The magnetic moments at the nuclear saturation density calculated by the quark–meson coupling model are only a few percents larger than those in free space, but the magnetic moments from the modified quark–meson coupling model increase more than 10% for most hyperons. The correlations between the bag radius of hyperons and the magnetic moments of hyperons in dense matter are discussed.     

A possible quark mechanism for the saturation of nuclear matter

A nuclear matter saturation mechanism based on the quark structure of the nucleon is proposed. Nuclear matter is described by nucleons and mesons but the meson field modifies the internal quark motion and this induces a saturation mechanism. Its possible relevance for nuclear physics is studied in a schematic model where it is the only active mechanism. Though caricatural, this model provides a rather satisfactory interpretation of the nuclear matter properties.     

Looking at saturation effects with production in pA collisions

We compute the inclusive differential cross section production of the pseudo-scalar meson η^′ in high-energy proton-nucleus (pA) collisions. We use an effective coupling between gluons and η^′ meson to derive a reduction formula that relates the η^′ production to a field-strength tensor correlator. We take into account saturation effects on the nucleus side by using the Color Glass Condensate formalism to evaluate this correlator. We derive new results for Wilson line - color charges correlators in the McLerran-Venugopalan model needed in the computation of η^′ production. The unintegrated parton distribution functions are used to characterize the gluon distribution inside the proton. We show that the cross section is sensitive to saturation effects so it can be utilized to estimate the value of the saturation scale.     

Dipole model for double meson production in two-photon interactions at high energies

In this work double vector meson production in two-photon interactions at high energies is investigated considering saturation physics. We extend the color dipole picture for this process and study the energy and virtuality dependence of the forward differential cross section. A comparison with previous results is presented, and the contribution of the different photon polarizations is estimated.     

Bag-model form factors and Hartree-Fock approximation to the σωπ model

We evaluate form factors for the scattering ofσ, ω andπ mesons from nucleons described by the MIT bag model. These form factors are then written covariantly and used for nuclear matter in the Hartree-Fock approximation to theσω model of quantum hadrodynamics with pions. For fixed parameters (meson couplings and masses) the inclusion of these form factors results in more binding at a higher saturation density. After refitting the parameters to reproduce the empirical saturation properties, the result is very close to that without form factors.     

The spectral function of the ω meson in nuclear matter from a coupled-channel resonance model

We calculate the spectral function of the ω meson in nuclear matter at zero temperature by means of the low-density theorem. The ωN forward scattering amplitude is calculated within a unitary coupled-channel effective Lagrangian model that has been applied successfully to the combined analysis of pion- and photon-induced reactions. While the peak of the ω spectral distribution is shifted only slightly, we find a considerable broadening of the ω meson due to resonance-hole excitations. For ω mesons at rest with respect to the surrounding nuclear medium, we find an additional width of about 60 MeV at saturation density.     

格点核子-核子势在核物质中的相对论效应(英文)

利用最新的格点核子-核子势研究了核物质中的相对论效应。通过此格点核子-核子势场,首先我们构建一个包括π介子,σ介子以及ω介子的单玻色子交换势。势场中的介子-核子耦合常数以及截断动量通过拟合格点核力得到的核子-核子散射相移确定。随后采用非常成功的第一性原理多体计算方法Brueckner-Hartree-Fock模型,计算了核物质的基本性质。发现对称核物质的状态方程以及饱和性质在非相对论框架和相对论框架中有很明显的区别。在格点核力中,该相对论效应对核物质的结合能提供吸引的贡献。这与采用传统的核力计算得到的结果是相反的。The relativistic effect in nuclear matter is investigated with the latest lattice nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential. A one-boson-exchange potential (OBEP) including three mesons, pion, σ meson and ω meson was constructed based on the lattice NN potential. The meson-nucleon coupling constants and cutoff momentums are determined by fitting the phase shifts of NN scattering from lattice NN potential. The properties of nuclear matter with this OBEP from lattice potential are calculated by one very successful ab initio many-body method, Brueckner-Hartree-Fock model. The equations of state and saturation properties of symmetric nuclear matter present very obvious different behaviors in non-relativistic and relativistic frameworks. The relativistic effect plays attractive contributions with the components of S and D waves in lattice NN potential, which is opposite comparing to the relativistic effect from the conventional NN potential.     

Determination of coupling constants from superconvergence sum rules in vector meson — Vector meson scattering

Dynamical relations between masses and coupling constants have been studied using the superconvergent sum rule technique in vector meson — vector meson scattering. Unessential complications due to the spin have been removed by defining a set of 25 KSF invariant amplitudes. Commonly accepted analyticity properties and asymptotics estimated arguing along the line of unitarity then lead to superconvergent sum rules for three amplitudes. Their saturation by one-intermediate-particle contributions in the processesωρ→ ωρ, ωB→ωB andωA ₁→ωA ₁ results in a system of nine coupled equations which have been approximately solved for coupling constants and aρ-ω-B- A ₁ mass sum rule.     

Quark dynamics and strong meson decays

The strong decays of meson resonances are treated in a dynamical quark model. The model is formulated in the framework of general field theory and therefore all calculations are fully relativistic covariant. Spectrum and wave functions are derived from a Bethe-Salpeter equation describing the binding of heavy quarks by a smooth, very strong interaction. The mesonic vertices are calculated with help of these BS amplitudes in triangle graph approximation, thereby guaranteeing a symmetric treatment of all mesons involved in the process. A particular spin dependence of the interaction has the consequence that the super-strong quark binding forces lead to mesonic forces of moderate strength only (saturation of quark forces!).The applications refer to the decays of vector mesons, tensor mesons, scalar mesons into pseudoscalars and vectors and are extended to resonances in the R region. In particular, we include the decays into two pions of the radial excited ?′(1600). The helicity structure of the decays of the axial vector meson is discussed.     

Nuclear exclusive vector meson photoproduction

We calculate the nuclear cross section for vector meson exclusive photoproduction within the QCD color dipole picture and in the Regge approach. For the former approach, we have considered the phenomenological saturation model, whereas for the latter we use a model based on the dipole pomeron framework. Theoretical estimates for scattering on both light and heavy nuclei are given over a large range of energy.Received: 17 April 2004, Revised: 21 September 2004, Published online: 18 November 2004     

手征σ模型中σ介子的质量与核物质结合能曲线关系的研究

文中研究了手征σ模型下σ介子的质量m_σ与核物质结合能曲线的关系,主要的目的是研究在单圈图近似下所谓的“快子极点”问题,即σ或π介子质量的平方变为负数,这将导致能量密度为虚数.把m_σ看成自由参数并通过拟合核物质的饱和性质而确定,结果表明,在单圈图真空起伏近似下,并选重整化点在质量壳上,当m_σ=307.5MeV而且核密度小于4.43倍正常饱和密度时,“快子极点”没有出现,因此首先得到了核物质结合能曲线以及计算了不可压缩系数K(≌175.7MeV).     

Bound states in the colored-quark model

The saturation problem in the three-triplet quark model, discussed previously by Nambu and by Lipkin, is investigated. We prove that in a simple version of the model, the only bound states of any color representation and any numbers of quarks and antiquarks are the $\text{q}\text{q}$ (meson), qqq (baryon), and a heavier diquark state.     

LHC能量下D介子的核修正因子

高能质子-质子(p-p)和质子-原子核(p-A)碰撞过程中产生的D介子是分析碰撞后生成的饱和胶子性质的重要途经。考虑领头阶下的强耦合效应,在色玻璃凝聚理论(CGC)框架下研究了LHC(Large Hadron Collider, LHC)能量下p-p(p-A)碰撞过程中的D介子产生。采用由KLR-AdS/CFT色偶极模型通过傅里叶变换得到的偶极关联因子,同时利用Glauber模型考虑冷核物质效应,计算了质心能量为5.02 TeV时质子-铅核(p-Pb)碰撞中不同碰撞中心度下D介子的产生截面,并在此基础上研究了p-Pb碰撞中D介子产生及其半轻子衰变过程中的核修正因子。通过与大型强子对撞机(LHC)实验结果比较发现:考虑强耦合效应后的理论结果与ALICE和LHCb合作组的最新实验数据符合得更好。最后,本文对LHC碰撞质心能量为8.16 TeV时p-Pb碰撞中D介子产生的核修正因子给出了理论预言, 结果显示此能量下核修正因子理论值比5.02 TeV时略大。     

Exclusive processes in electron–ion collisions

The exclusive processes in electron–ion (eA) interactions are an important tool to investigate the QCD dynamics at high energies as they are in general driven by the gluon content of the target which is strongly subject to parton saturation effects. In this Letter we compute the cross sections for the exclusive vector meson production as well as the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) relying on the color dipole approach and considering the numerical solution of the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation including running coupling corrections (rcBK). The production cross sections obtained with the rcBK solution and bCGC parametrization are very similar, the former being slightly larger.     

Fermi-liquid properties of nuclear matter in a relativistic mean-field theory

The Fermi-liquid properties of the model nuclear system described by a relativistic quantum field theory are examined in terms of a relativistic extension of Landau's Fermi-liquid theory. The relativistic Landau parameters are derived microscopically from the ground state energy in the mean-field approximation, and are used to describe the thermodynamic properties of the system, such as the compressibility, the symmetry energy and the hydrodynamic sound velocities. We reproduce the previous results at nuclear saturation density (n₀ = 0.19 fm⁻³) and extrapolate to all density regions. It is shown that the system exhibits instability against the long wavelength density fluctuations in the low density region (n_B <0.70 n₀) and becomes stable at and above the nuclear saturation density due to the relativistic reduction of the attractive scalar meson component in the quasiparticle interaction. In the extreme high-density region, we reproduce the correct causal results for sound velocities. The existence of collisionless zero-sound oscillation is also examined.